The term "speaking" and become an independent performance trick，According to existing information，Not earlier than the Sui and Tang dynasties。But the most basic artistic element that constituted speaking tricks — a story in speaking，The objective form of oral performance，It is very early，and "novels" ("Hanshu · Yi Wenzhi" novelist) with a novelist with the nature of folk streets)。Mr. Hu Shiying's "Introduction to the Novels of the Word" when trace the source of speaking，It has noticed that "speaking" and "novels" are derived from the people's storytelling，Also mentioned the novel activities of the officials of the pre -Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty，It has a certain impact on speaking tricks。"Hanshu · Yi Wenzhi" "Street Talking Lane，Dao Listening Theory "，It is explaining that "speaking" and "novels" both have the overall characteristics of folk verbal literary mouth，All present a significant folktime、Orality and story，Never creation and spread，The content and form of creation can be enriched and strengthened in subsequent communication。

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The two Han Dynasty to Sui，瞽 is rare in literature，Gradually micro，The entertainment -oriented language excellent play is becoming increasingly prevalent，and "Youxiao" from the basic elements of speaking，Development bet365 live casino games into a "俳 俳 novel" with the basic elements and main characteristics of speaking，In the formation process of the ancient Chinese speaking trick，It plays a very important role。俳 俳 俳，Both comprehensive performance skills such as music and dance and miscellaneous drama，The harmonious speech performance with verbal laughter is seen，and the latter has not yet formed an independent and fixed performance form。This feature will be strengthened after the two men，prevailing in court and folk。The real object unearthed in the years such as the "Music Dance Portrait Brick"、Shandong Han Tomb "Music Dance Hundred Opera Portrait Stones" and other places，Many "rap figurines" unearthed from the Han Tomb of the Nanchang Haixun Houhan, which are excavated in recent years，Both confirms a form of the "Youxiao" performance relative to the pre -Qin period as a form of Chinese speaking tricks，"俳 俳 novels" since the Han Dynasty marked the preliminary formation of speaking as an independent trick。It establishes the performance method of the mouth，Improving the important position of the story in performance，Become a folk color with entertainment -based oral storytelling。This form also determines the core elements and essential characteristics of the speaking skills of later generations。At the same time，The good of the people still prepares for the formation of related theories，Liu Ye's "Wen Xin Eagle Dragon" "On the Speaking" article discussed the characteristics of linguistics alone。

　　Sui and Tang Dynasties Talking Terrier Become an Independent Art

Sui and Tang dynasties，The above characteristics of the speaking trick are continued to be strengthened，Developed into an independent art form，The name of "speaking"、Performance method characterized by saying、Story -based performance content and some basic performance programs。The tradition of the tradition of the tradition of Hou Bai "Say a good story"，There are also long -story stories as perfunctory like Bai Juyi、Yuan 稹 稹，Ziyin to，Judging Words "。The content of the verbal story is often recorded by the literati，As Liu Ye's "Sui Tang Jiahua"、Wei Xuan's "Liu Benke Garmament Record"、Zhao Yan's "List of the Talk"，These notes novels in the name of "words"，Actually reflecting the nutrition of written literature on oral literature。At the same time，Speaking has undergone a lot of changes in the performance venue and audience composition，Gradually out of the court，Together with other folk performance tricks，The scene near the temple、Banquets of the Private Mansion, and the streets of streets as performance venues，Frequently appearing among ordinary people，Have a considerable degree of acceptance。This makes the speech further drawn from nutrition from the people。

　　Songs of the Song Dynasty produced an artist

The Song Dynasty was a period of highly developed ancient Chinese culture，Not only reflected in the field of elegant literature such as traditional poetry and songs，It is also reflected in the rise of popular bet365 Play online games literary works。As an important representative of popular music，Speaking with its popular performance form、perfect superb talking skills，A large number of speaking artists have been generated，It also ushered in the first peak of its development。Speaking in the Song Dynasty has some distinctive characteristics: First, a professional speaking performance place appeared for the first time -Gou Nawa Shin; the other is rich theme，and formed the number of speakers of "Four Speaking in the Southern Song Dynasty"; the third is a large number of speaking content，If the Song and Yuan dialogue or related speaking names that can still be seen today，These residual speaking bases may be the early novel text of the early days; the fourth is that these popular song art experiences are promoted by Luo Yan's "Drunk Manual Records"，For the first time, it formed the popular novel theory of the development history of ancient novels compared to the theory of traditional novels。If the first three are still talking to the level of entertainment，The latter completely incorporates speaking into a relatively mature literary theory category，strongly promoted the prosperity of popular literature。

　Yuanming's speaking tricks ups and ups and downs

In the middle and late stages of the Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty，Due to the restrictions and constraints of speaking skills due to social laws and regulations，Speaking once decline。After the mid -Ming Dynasty，With the relaxation of cultural policies，Sinking potentially the art of speaking，、The bet365 Play online games book evaluation is a new inheritance form，Quickly recover and grow，Various forms of bookstores appear in the Misiao View，replaced the Song and Yuan Dynasties of the Song and Yuan Dynasties，and further formed a speech commentary、Professional Bookstore of Books，The second peak of the development of speaking art in the late Ming and Qing dynasties。and Ming and Qing Dynasties commented、Book evaluation continues until modern times。Popular music as a verbal performance，The theoretical elements such as narrative skills and other theoretical elements are absorbed by the literati，and affect the creation of written literature works, especially popular novels。For example，The main influence of speaking and philosophy is affected。

The hard work and continuous accumulation of scholars of all ages，"Speaking" gradually enters the perspective of academic research，Many research results have appeared，It laid the foundation for further research。But the regret is，The overall development of the existing research on the "speaking" of ancient China，Lack of systematic and in -depth research; the rise of popular novels caused by "speaking"，Lack of rational speculation based on literary phenomena。Whether it is the stage of "speaking"，Case analysis of the dialogue book and popular novels，Often limited to the existing angle of interpretation，Lack of observation at the history of literature。Caused by this kind of research，On the one hand，Due to speaking texts mostly inherited and preserved bet365 Play online games in a verbal way，Compared to other styles，The literature has clear mutation and uncertainty，Available written texts are very small，It is difficult to grasp and belong to the specific generation of its text，It is indeed difficult to study; on the other hand，Because Song Yuan speaks、Ming and Qing Dynasties always belong to folk oral vulgar literature，Even if it is affected by it、Chapter Hui Sports Novel，Also belong to popular literature，The status is relatively low，Following points of the academic community therefore concentrated in the writing novel text，and relatively less extended from the perspective of "speaking"。

Overall，The current "speaking" research，Lack of overall observation of the essence of "speaking"，Lack of changes in various levels such as "speaking" from system formation to work acceptance and feedback，Lack of the theoretical speculation of popular literature represented by popular novels for "speaking"，This makes the "speaking" research actually in a relatively stagnant state。So，Only sort out the flow characteristics and key points of the flow of "speaking"，Restore the real face of "speaking" in the process of literature history，Analyzing the relationship between the prosperity of "speaking" and the rise of popular novels，Discuss the mutual feedback of oral literature and written literature，can "talk" research continuously develop and deepen。

(The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Ancient Chinese 'Speaking' Streaming Research"、Associate Professor of Hefei University of Technology)