Ethnic ancient books recorded in national text not only many quantities、Diverse text types，and rich content、wide distribution range、The span of the times is large。Southwest Provincial District where ethnic minorities live in，It is also a wide range of traditional ancient books of ethnic minorities、A huge area。Take Yunnan Province as an example，Yi、White、Dulong、Tibet、Dulong、Zhuang、傣、Buyi、Miao、傈僳、Play、Naxi、Jing Po、Yao、佤 and other ethnic minorities have their own traditional text。From the basic type of text，The text that is existing in ancient India (such as Jin Ping Dai Wen、仂 仂, etc.)，There are also "Chinese characters" created by Chinese characters。

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Southwest minority and the Han people in the Central Plains have long -term close and friendly exchanges in history，To record and inherit the language of the nation，It is normal to borrow Chinese characters to create the text of the nation。The names of this type of text are called "raw characters", "local characters", "local customs", etc.，And different ethnic groups may use the same Chinese character text。Ru Zhuang、Mao Nan、仫 guys、The blocks used by the Buyi people are actually ancient characters。Other seedlings、Yao、Water、侗、Beijing、The nature of ancient texts and ancient characters of ethnic groups such as white and other ethnic groups，That is, most block characters are metaphysical structures: sidewalk meaning，Sound beside "Borrowing Chinese Characters"。Specifically，Chinese characters in the southwest ethnic minorities have the following characteristics。

Document history is long。bet365 Play online games In the first year of Tang Yongchun (682), the inscription "，But there are also nearly ten words writing.，If "State OccupationThere is no dish from people "Sang Ziyan "and other sentences contained the local folk" raw characters "at that time。Southern Song Fan Chengda's "Guihai Yu Hengzhi · Magazine" "Vulgar Word" said: "，A voucher for the voucher，Special local book，Guilin Zhuyi。"" "，The blocks are widely used in the Guangxi area。

Rich content and category。Such as the ancient book of Chinese characters in Guangxi Zhuang people，There are many historical documents and literature books，Content involving religious scriptures、Stele、Litigation、Contract、Spectrum、Sacrifice、Notepad、Sacrifice text、Folk Song、Creation Ancient Song、Long Poems、Drama Singers、Poetry of preaching。The literature written by the Bai people in Yunnan，At least the folk hand -copy song、Blowing the cavity、Sacrifice、Folk Song，and Buddhist scriptures、Stone carvings since Yuan Ming。

Cross -border。Tay (TAY) in northern Vietnam、Nung (NUNG) people from the Zhuang "Nong people" branch from the Zujiang River Basin, Guangxi, my country，Moved to Vietnam two or three hundred years ago。岱、The blocks used by the Nong nationality are called "岱 喃" and "Nongyou"。The official language of the main ethnic group in Vietnam is Vietnamese，The Beijing language used in the Beijing people in Guangxi, our country is Vietnamese variant，Northern dialects close to Vietnamese。The Beijing people in Vietnam and my country have since the 10th century AD，"Word Murder" made by imitation of Chinese characters。What can be compared is，The official language of Thailand and Thailand and the Dai language used in the Dai people of Yunnan in my country、Shan language used in India's states，All belong to the Taiwanese clan, Zhuangtai Thai branch，Thai and Dai Wen also Bet365 app download belong to the same letter system，掸 has also used the same writing system as Dehong's text。

　　Chinese characters of ancient books of Chinese characters

It one，Collect positive、Vulgar font，Rich Chinese characters for the Chinese nation。Chinese characters of Chinese characters in the southwestern ethnic minorities，and Vietnam、Japan and other countries and regions people use Chinese characters or create text based on Chinese characters，All can be included in the "Broadly Chinese Character Cultural Circle"。Chinese characters of ethnic minorities in the Southwest ethnic minorities appeared from the beginning of the Tang and Song dynasties，Since it is a raw word based on Chinese characters，Naturally in line with the structure of the structure of Chinese characters; because the blocks are strong, the characters are made by the people，So there is also the nature of vulgar text。Ancient characters that indicate the meaning of "year" (modern strong writing BI) have "sadness in various places、Bi、Hebei、Closure、俾、etc.，The Chinese characters contained in these strong characters or the glyphs shaped like Chinese characters are called "borrowing Chinese characters"。

Its two，Verifying glyph，As a result, the ancient native。If the word "night" means "at night" (modern strong text has haemh、HWNZ two mycious words) Writing in various places is "Heng、Heng、Heng、Han、include ", etc.，It can be seen that "contains、Han、Heng、Heng "and other Chinese characters to indicate that the strong pronunciation is fit。Guangxi Minority Ancient Books Organized Publishing Planning Group's "Ancient Zi Zi Dictionary" table "Night" sturdy characters also included a left "night" right "tile" glyph。Borrowing the Chinese character "tile" as a word，Obviously not compatible with the strong words，Inference from the glyph，It should be the erroneous writing of the sound symbol "亘" ("Heng") as "tile"。

Its three，Proposed the type of innovative text Bet365 app download structure。Guizhou's block Buyi characters have a general sense of word creation，Including the phonetic synthetic characters。such as "Worm Ru" means "mouse"，Ludian Buyi Read [NU24]，"Su" as a Chinese character。The word of the intention，such asmeans "tiger"，Ladian Buyi Read [KU35]。"Niuhuang" means "ox"，Anshun Buyi read [tsei31]。Another，There is also a type of "modified cloth,"，That is the block word generated after changing the structure on the basis of Chinese characters。Including increase the head of the side，If you use Buyi charactersMeans "water"，Guiyang Buyi read [zam42]。Add or decreased strokes，If you use Buyi charactersmeans "riding"，Guiyang Buyi read [kui53]，It can be seen that the "pill" on the right side is added to the word "nine"。Change the position or shape of the Chinese character component。If the character "仚" uses "仚" means "fairy"，This is a Chinese borrowing word，Guiyang Buyi read [si: n24]。Another example of "Bone" with Buyi characters means "ground"，"Ben" on the right is the provincial shape of the Chinese character "body"，Guiyang Buyi read [ti53]。

　　Voice value of ancient books of Chinese characters

Ancient book information of Chinese characters in Southwest minority ethnic minorities through in -depth investigations，Can also confirm or solve many questions in linguistics。

It one，Perfect the understanding of the history of Chinese voice。Let's talk about ancient sounds first，The Beijing people in Guangxi and Vietnamese murmur use "Wangwang" to express the meaning of "Wang" (Vietnam TRONG1)，Among them, "竜" works，is the foreign body of the word "dragon (dragon)"。Mr. Wang Li's "Han Yue language research" (1948) has been pointed out，The ancient sound of the Vietnamese Mother TR-is bl-、TL-、ML- and other compound consonants。Look at it in turn，Since "竜" can be used as the sound symbol of the early Vietnam -language recovery mother characters，Explain Bet365 app download that the word should be a compound mother in ancient Chinese。Another of the ancient characters as mentioned abovecan indicate "year" meaning、Strong language read as BI，Explain that when creating the strong word，"Non" also read B-，It is the powerful evidence of Qing Confucian Qian Daxin's so -called "ancient light lip sound"。Middle Ages，The scholar of the Zhuang tribe Wei Qingcao "The Block Text of Guangxi Zhuang" (1953) has pointed out，"The sound reading of Chinese characters borrowed by the tangible characters，Most of them read the Sui and Tang dynasties，instead of the sound reading of modern southern officials "。We used to be in many papers，Specific explanation of ancient characters of ancient characters borrowed Chinese character materials for discussing internal and external transfers in the late period of medieval period、Hou You into the model、Fruit fake flow、Crab Streaming、Dangjiang Heliu、Zhen Sanhua's second -class sound phenomenon，It has very important value。

Its two，The regional nature of ancient Chinese characters reflects the information of ethnic minorities or local Chinese dialects。Bai Poetry "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" recorded in the white word "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai"，Generally uses the borrowing Chinese characters with nose tails to indicate the syllable without nose tails in the white language，If you use Chinese characters "Gang" or "Gang" Whitening Watch "Ka]，Use Chinese characters "cold" whitening table "this" meaning, use the Chinese character "pit" whitening table "Qi" meaning. Another example is to use "pancreas, crickets,"Walking" and "Foot Leading" and other ancient characters recorded the vocal character "Dirty，dirt "" Get up "," up to，(water) rising "righteousness and the voice of the mother read as [h-] a few words，It can be seen that the northern dialect reads the zero mother's "Yi、Move、Guidance "and other Chinese characters，In bet365 best casino games the local Chinese dialect in Guangxi, it is read [H-] Mother。

Its three，Block characters in ancient books record several details of voice changes。The blocks used in Bianpan Mountain in Guizhou，Use Chinese characters "Yuan" to record the "home" of the local Buyi language，Read [ZA: N1]，Use Chinese characters "You" to record Buyi "You" [Z? Quinoa U11]，Record Buyi "Repeat" [Za? 耷 24]，These examples explain that Bian Pan Shan Buyi once had Z-& GT; j-。

Four，Compare the voice information disclosed by ancient books and the pronunciation of modern languages，It is conducive to obtaining the correct knowledge of word source。Number "Six" (Vietnam SAU5) usually writes in the Chinese and Vietnam's murmur in Beijing and Vietnam，Among them, "old" is the sound symbol。Most versions of the Ming Dynasty "Annan Translation" use Chinese characters "whistle" to record their voice，and Xuanlang Hall used Chinese characters "bag" to remember，"Bag" and "Old" Musso is not different，But the difference between the mother mother is really large，Unlike it can be used to record the same wordPronunciation。By comparison of other South Asian corpus other than Vietnamese standard dialect (Hanoi dialect)，You can know that using "bag" to remember the sound is not a mistake，Because of some dialects in Vietnamese，Numerous "six" can be read as [PHRAW] (Occupy Dialect)、[Phalw] (Feng Dialect)、[Phalu] (his text dialect)、[P? Quinoa raw] (Capon dialect), etc.。It can be seen in Vietnam's internal，Some dialects are pronounced "whistle" near Chinese characters，There are some dialects' pronunciation near "bags" of Chinese characters。This also indirect proof，Vietnamese murmur、"Annan Translation" and other ancient books in Chinese or class Chinese characters to record Vietnamese materials are credible。

Various types of Chinese character literature seen by the ethnic minorities Bet365 app download in the Southwest and Vietnam，It is a long -term interaction between Han and other ethnic minorities、Text Mutual Learning、Loyal Records of Cultural Exchange。We should invest more energy，Comprehensively and seriously study this great precious material。

　　(The author is the chief expert of Chinese characters in the National Social Science Foundation's major projects and Chinese characters in the Language and Text of the Belt and Road, "、Professor of East China Normal University)