Scientific and technological innovation is the foundation of the development of human civilization，It is the soul of technology exploration。Different degree of scientific and technological innovation，Delivery and new and changing the world is also different。Scientific and technological innovation is a collective referred to as scientific innovation and technological innovation，The two are not exactly the same。The original intention of scientific innovation is to explore unknown，The goal of seeking truth; the original intention of technological innovation is to transform the world，Practical as the purpose。Since the 21st century，Science and technology shows a deep integration situation，The two are increasingly incorporated into integrated development orbit，Scientific Innovation Paradigm also changes with this。From this，Deeply grasp the transformation of scientific innovation paradigms and its social impact，Daily increasingly becoming our formulation of education policies、An important prerequisite for talent evaluation mechanism and technological innovation strategy。

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Traditional scientific innovation paradigm，It is established with the development of modern natural science。Modern Natural Science is based on classic physics and uses experimental methods and mathematical methods，It is widely known as "experimental science"。Experiments are both the source of scientific discovery，It is also a Bet365 app download gold standard that distinguishes facts and opinions or beliefs。Experimental facts are generally defined as "Experience Age" that has nothing to do with theory，It is an objective cognition of the experimental object，Therefore, it is not involved。This understanding of people's understanding of the facts of the experiment is deep -rooted，even logical empiricists who are the first genre of science philosophy advocated "observing propositions" to prove "theoretical propositions"。

In this traditional scientific research，Experiment is the primary foundation of scientific innovation，If scientists do not start in -depth experimental exploration，It is impossible to get original scientific facts; the theoretical system is the core of scientific innovation，If scientists lack systematic and solid subject training and deep scientific vision，It can not summarize the relatively universal theoretical system from the miscellaneous experimental facts。Experiments have played a dual role in scientific discovery and scientific inspection here，That is, the theory of science must be from experiments，Go to the experiment and go。Scientific innovation at the experimental level is specific or special，Scientific innovation at the theoretical level is abstract or universal。The circular development between experiments and theory brings scientific continuous progress。

In this traditional scientific innovation paradigm，Scientists are under the guidance of interest and curiosity，Under the support of the experimental facts，Scientific research engaged in exploration。Scientific sociologists refer to this science as "small science"，Social Episator referred to traditional scientific episodes as "Personal Cognitive Theory"bet365 best casino games 。Therefore，Traditional scientific innovation，Based on the personal experimental innovation of scientists、Targeting the nature of the world as the goal，Rarely consider innovation for practical applications。

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The transformation of contemporary scientific innovation paradigm，It is determined by the change of contemporary scientific research.。In the second half of the 20th century，Scientific research has undergone a series of changes。Scientific research is no longer exactly a "play object" for scientific lovers to satisfy curiosity，but the occupation of scientists supporting family; the targets of scientific research are getting more and more from the scope of sensory perception，Basic studies have become unpredictable; large -scale scientific experiments have become a systematic engineering，The degree of complexity is getting higher and higher; the experimental results are on the material、Skills、Environmental requirements are getting higher and higher，Its can be repetitive and lower; the establishment of some experimental facts becomes a collective decision for the scientific community，even "Observing the theory" becomes the consensus of post -logical empirical scientists。Scientific sociologists call this scientific research "big science"，Social Episator referred to contemporary scientific episodes as "social epistemology"。

to the 21st century，With the continuous deepening of the fourth technological revolution with artificial intelligence technology as the core，Smart robots not only played information supervision in our daily life、Search、Push、Edit and other functions，And has become a powerful assistant for scientists，Increasingly widely participated Bet365 lotto review in the scientific research process。"Science" magazine in an article in 2017 has called the intelligent robot as "network scientist"，Think that this will be in psychology、Calculate biology and other fields to bring a revolution。Interactivity of smart robots、features such as autonomy and adaptability，Further expands scientific epistemology from "social epistemology" into "distributed epistemology"。

"Great Science" means that scientific exploration becomes a large scale、Investment Big、Comprehensive studies with great social impact。"Social Epidemic theory" means that scientific exploration has entered the era of collective innovation: the relationship between experiments and theory，From the traditional inductive relationship to the explanation relationship that achieves consensus through mutual evidence。In this relationship，Cognitive relationship that is consistent with theoretical and evidence，Anthology relationship with mechanisms and phenomena，Unified inner place，Become the positive and negative sides of a coin。"distributed epistemology" emphasizes the role of intelligent robots in scientific cognition。

These changes in scientific exploration methods and theory of scientific episodes，Make scientific innovation and technological innovation inherently intertwined or bundled together。The integrated development of scientific innovation and technological innovation，presents basic theoretical research、Basic Application Research、Application theory research、Application research and other different types，Scientific innovation also has a paradigm change。

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The transformation of contemporary scientific innovation paradigm，Education system formed in the era of industrial civilization、bet365 best casino games Talent Evaluation Standards、Scientific research projects and scientific and technological development strategies have proposed severe challenges。my country's existing educational system and discipline settings are formed on the basis of the division of traditional science disciplines。Most textbooks only state the solution method of scientific law，The formation process of rarely concerned the law。Similarly，Teacher’s classroom teaching only helps students understand the usage of scientific laws，and rarely analyze the innovative experience of scientists; the experimental lesson is mainly to make the expected experimental results under the arrangement of the teacher，Write the experimental report，Rarely can experience the meaning of innovation contained in the experiment。

No doubt，The ongoing education system reform has seen the disadvantages of this kind of emphasis on knowledge teaching and light ability training。but，How to improve students' abilities and the cultivation of innovative consciousness throughout the entire education process，Not just the education itself，It also involves other aspects of society。​​One of the most important aspects，It is the change of the evaluation standards of teachers and the change of talent evaluation mechanism。In recent years，Although the Ministry of Education issued a special action notice of "Breaking Five Wei"，But it is quite difficult to implement。Studies in the history of science and science show，In the history of science，Only the establishment of a new paradigm，can cause the disappearance of the old paradigm，instead of the opposite。Therefore，The current educational reform is not frequently bet365 best casino games introduced negative guidance，Instead, you need to introduce executable alternatives。

The integrated development of scientific innovation and technological innovation，Bring a change of scientific innovation paradigm，It is not the original intention of changing science to explore unknown goals，Instead, it emphasizes the uncertainty and unpredictability of scientific innovation，This has a challenge for the traditional scientific research project appraisal mechanism and running procedures。As Ding Zhaozhong once said in his speech，In the process of exploring the unknown, scientists，Usually obtaining unimaginable and unpredictable facts，And these facts are the product of the project implementation process，Not predicted when writing a project application form or task planning book，Many scientific discoveries are accidental or accidentally obtained。

So，In the process of promoting the development of social innovation to drive social development，It is necessary to formulate a scientific and technological development strategy that respects the characteristics of scientific exploration to promote scientific innovation，It needs to ensure scientific innovation through integrated social reforms。

　(This article is the major topic of philosophy and social sciences in the Ministry of Education of the Ministry of Education, "The Research on the Philosophy Thinking of Artificial Intelligence" (18jzd0013) phased achievement)

(The author is deputy director of the Institute of Philosophy of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher)