Once upon a time，Universities and research institutions are the main promoters of classic and de -classification of literature，But in the past century, dramatic changes have occurred。Since the 20th century，College evaluation has become an indisputable fact that the college evaluation has become an indisputable facts。The overwhelming advantage generated by the latter in the literary field is still expanding。资本与技术合谋、Volkswagen Cultural Industry and Cultural Consumerism provides historic opportunities。How to guide the situation、Taking Fa Two，The commanding height of occupying the literary field，Maybe it is a breakout。And what I want to emphasize here is the criticism of literary principles。It is the college's literary position、Core representation of literary concepts and literary ecology。

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As early as the 1920s and 1930s，Western scholar Ortaga Iga Gassert officially proposed the concept of mass consumer culture and mass consumer society in "The Non -Humanization of Art" and "The Rebellion of the Popularity"。In his opinion，This culture will disrupt the civilization tradition built by the elite class for thousands of years。At that time，Orterga Iga Gastet stood on the social elite position to criticize the mass culture and the mass society，Just like Balzak once stood on the position of the feudal aristocracy criticized French society。But the one -sidedness of the former is that the crux of the problem is not in the public，Consumerism in capital and its guidance。

In order to resist consumerism and art commercialization，Western modernists began to take a wave of weird roads: from Joyce to Picasso，The new difference at a time is the wind。But weird is that they not only fail to block the tide of artistic consumerism，and make yourself quickly become a hot product。After modernism and postmodernism sweeping thousands of troops、Reconstruction、bet365 live casino games Decodation，No one can say how literature is determined、What is the classic。that is, or literary Introduction and literary principles, as many as cow hairs，But it is probably the same or contradictory of each other。An example of casual: "World Literature" and its principles that have become hot spots in recent years are quite unsatisfactory。

From Getde to Casana、Damroch，"World Literature" Originance 19 and 20th Century，The karma has been a big view，Become a boom。but，What is "World Literature"，and the connotation of "World Literature" extension is like a cloud like a smoke。First，The sum of the literature of various ethnicities of human beings is world literature，This is an objective existence，毋庸置疑，也无需引号。Next，Goli gave birth to the idealism of "world literature" in 1827，"Now，National literature is no longer very important，The era of world literature has arrived，Everyone must work hard to accelerate this era "。This "world literature" from Goethe must add a quotation number，Because his idealism is not practical。About this，Marx and Engels said very clearly in the Communist Declaration。In their opinion，"Bourgeoisie，Due to the development of the world market，Make the production and consumption of all countries a worldwide ... This is the case for material production，The production of spiritual production is the same "。again，The history of all literature is finally a classic history。This involves the definition of classic (including the classic process of the work) and many problems caused by it。For example，What is classic? How to write the history of "World Literature"?，。Given that the author has reviewed the relationship between "world literature" and worldism,，Do not repeat it here。What I want to remind and question is: Chinese literature is in this complicated literary map of the endless literary map? What are the components of Chinese literature classics in this discourse balance led by Western scholars?，Those national literature that is diligently written in social history、Does national literature have entered this big bet365 Play online games painting cake that looks very pleasant? For example, Pakistan Literature，再譬如缅甸文学，How much do people know、Care geometry?

There are also various literary awards and the relationship between the market。This industry has become a major topic that is difficult to avoid the world's literary world。One is the original intention or vision of Nobel Prize in Literature on Nobel's most idealistic literary work for the most idealist works on the prize，More and more，Even more and more ideological and inexplicable。Among the 20th award -winning writers of the 21st century，Less and less that people are generally recognized。The extreme example is the rock singer Bob Dylan。Although I personally do not dare to comment on him，But international public opinion is generally inclined to surprise and doubt。The second is the multiple of the awards、Rebellion of evaluation standards，It has reached the degree of staggering。According to Professor Zeng Yanyu，There are more than 1,100 literary awards in the United States。The influence of their influence on the literary and literary market cannot be underestimated。

　Literature and Technology of the Digital Age

​​Due to the rapid development of the Internet and information technology，Digital technology and Volkswagen Culture、Volkswagen society complements each other，and was pushed to the front desk。From online literature to byte beating，The modal and generation of art、Communication、The acceptance mechanism has undergone tremendous changes。It is completely inferior to the transformation from literature from mouth to writing，Even if there is it, there is no time to。

As a literary phenomenon，Naturally, what changes in network literature is not just spreading and reading methods，modular、proceduralization is obviously cruelly "cut" people's value orientation and aesthetic interest。This is fully reflected in its type of type of type。As the so -called "content decision form"，The corresponding purpose or theme、Traditional or subject matter will inevitably become lubricants and fix ruler of type literature。Similarly，audience bet365 best casino games group，Especially the participation and booster of fans (fans) undoubtedly become an important force and reaction force for the type of "lag" or solidification。The evolution of the creative mechanism caused by this makes the personalization of literature's personalization or personalization back to the noise of "New Oral Chuan Times"。Of course，This "new mouth of the mouth" is at least to add a number at least;。This is one of them。The second is the map culture and imaging tendency caused by multimedia integration.。Many movies in Cameron are written while writing and re -acting，Divided lens script is often just a wedge。From the script、演出到剪辑，The weight of collective creation is getting larger and larger。The TV series is the same，First there is a drama、After the situation, there is a situation，End in the film era、The digital era is not rare。As for the human -machine integrated in the high intelligent era，Robot、The "two -dimensional" of the smart man over the sight of the "three -dimensional" has no suspense at all。But this must be the artificial intelligence of normal humans and the future goals of gene engineering，and it is not far away。

But，Online literature is still literature，Digital humanities are still humanities after all。For example, the definition of ancient Chinese texts，We may wish to look at the literature of online literature as a broad sense; for example, it is difficult to have a relatively "unidirectional" genre in the West since ancient times in the future: Classicalism、New Classicalism、Romanticism、Criticizing realism、symbolism、symbolism，etc.，and modernism and postmodernism are already broad genres。Now，Literature This partial structure of literature and science，It can also be "represented" by robots or smart people。Since Google AlphaGo can defeat the top master of Go、Microsoft Xiaobing can be used as a poem to write the song of the song，So they (or they) write doctoral dissertations (or eight shares) on behalf of them (or eight shares).。Not to mention some of our formalist chapters are becoming more and more modular、programmatic，bet365 live casino games More and more "grid" (circle)，More and more from the writers and readers of the main audience and their important concerns，But the name is "Standardized" and "Internationalization"。In Jameson's words，In the Internet era，Globalization is increasingly becoming an information "communication concept"。Use the media scientist Mc Luhan's words，is almost outside the media，No everything。But medium、Information (the two complement each other)，or website and writer，Behind them (their) is not a kernel without a pusher or the Higgs Bosse (God particles)。and this pusher、This kernel may be the capital and its remaining value described by Marx in the Capital Theory。Gain, whether the website or the writer or fan，It is just a puppet prop that in the face of capital。Of course，Out of "and different" or the appearance of God、The interests of God's separation，Website、Writers and thousands of fans can be a community，It can also produce the force and reaction force of it，But the premise is still mainly the need for capital，Although the appearance is often dazzling: such as the crazy of fans、The income of the writer、The red fire on the website or "a word is not in line"，Benbingbing。This is the inevitable result of humanistic transfer in technology。About this，We can use how the Internet novels have been "grid" (here are typical) to prove it -when "grid" has replaced the "epoch -making" genre thoughts，The "flat" of literature is unavoidable。

　　Literature Principles and Evaluation System

Facing such a situation，The principle of literature is undoubtedly a hard -working thing。But knowing that it cannot be done, it is clearly the way of humanities。The so -called "take the law，Only it "，If the method is taken,，Then we will only have a loud voice。

In the broad sense，The principles of literature can be roughly cut in from several levels。One is literary criticism。In the world literary world，Literary criticism is not just a patent for experts and scholars8，Any reader can use the mass media to express opinions on the writers' works。So，众声喧哗，Experts and scholars who once dominated literary criticism Bet365 lotto review can only "talk about themselves" in niche literary newspapers。Since the 21st century, western scholars such as Igldon have been seriously concerned about this.。The second is a three -foot podium。From the elementary and middle school teachers to the university professor's hissing in the classroom，Can't resist the mighty Qingming and Wang Yang from Volkswagen Media。Third is literary historical materials。Writing of literature history has always been the school's guidance Jiangshan、Inspire text、Define the classic is the only way。But，History marks the classicization of writers' works，Now it has become the old yellow calendar。Many literary historians even take the initiative to abandon the lofty，Entry Volkswagen Fun。Four is the principle of literature。The college sent through the principle as a literary standard for literature。Aristotle's "Poetics" sets tragedy as literary elegance，Among them, the plot、Language、Social criticism and other aspects have become important mirrors of later generations，Otherwise, it is a relatively separated Platoism。

The above four are intertwined with each other，It is difficult to divide right，The principle of literature from ancient times to the present，Countless streams bring together the vast ocean sea。为方便起见，We might as well look at themselves from the history and principles of literature。

As a definition classic、Important methods of the preparation system，The principles of literature and literature have nearly a century of history in my country。The first Chinese literature history was written by the Russians at the end of the 19th century。Before that，Our inherent Scriptures and the Book of Songs、Hanfu、Tang Poems、Song Ci、Yuanqu、明清小说等，But I have never used Shi to connect their comes to the dragon。Early Dou Fang Fan、The History of Literature of the Literature or Chinese Literature or the History of Chinese Literature is actually a so -called literary history that deviates from the literary body，and Lu Xun, who is not looking for a new voice, created "History of Chinese Novels"，We walked through a long way。Now，my country has more than 3,000 kinds of literary history works，Bet365 lotto review Among them, hundreds of foreign literature history。The question is the disorder of the corresponding value standard。This is clearer in limited literary principles.。From Ma Zonghuo to now many principles，It is not difficult to see how it comes from Dou Ge Fan、The lack of disability of the Huangren -style guard has developed to a comprehensive southernization and comprehensive westernization。Of course，This is a scanning method with a big place，It is inevitable that there is a pole to overturn a boat.，Among them, right and wrong cannot be paved here。But the problem is obvious，That is the standard。Therefore，How to establish existing kernel、There is an extension of concentric circular literary evaluation system and literary principles research.。This is also the "three major systems" (subject system、Academic System and discourse system) Construction that is difficult to avoid。