The 1990s，Western scholar Joseph Nye proposed the concept of "soft power"，I think soft power is the ability to achieve the wish of the wish by attraction rather than forced or buying。Initial，The Russian academic community does not discuss this term.。until 2013，Russia ’s first official definition of the word“ soft power ”was officially given in the“ Federation of Federal Foreign Policy ”promulgated in February that year.，pointed out that "'soft power' is a set of methods that rely on private forces to solve foreign policy issues and information that can replace traditional diplomatic means、Communication、Culture and other methods and technologies "，"It is a folk society、Information and communication technology、Humanism and other traditional diplomatic methods and technologies based on solving foreign problems to solve foreign problems，is an inseparable part of modern international politics "。After the file is introduced，The Russian academic community has set off a wave of research and discussing the theory of "soft power"，and roughly formed three categories。

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A view that "soft power" and "hard power" are both political terms，is a metaphorical expression，The main representatives are Davidov (давыдов ю.п.)、Pasing (паршин п. б.)、Nalumov (наумов а. о.), etc.。From the perspective of international relations and the root causes of strength，Diaisiently view the concept of "soft power" proposed in the West，It is considered that "soft power" is essentially a kind of resources and tools。From the perspective of resources，"Soft Power" is considered to be a potential impact on others with the desire of a participant Bet365 lotto review with their own attractiveness and the desire of others to join their values.。From a technical point of view，"Soft Power" is considered a tool，or more widely said，Is a technology，It is a set of tools or practices。It is considered "soft" to in a sense，Compared with other tools that may be applicable to the same goal，Its expected damage is relatively small。

These scholars think， "Soft Power" in the broad sense is yourself or through others，From all kinds of available、Select a tool that can bring the smallest damage in a tool that can achieve the same goal，Ability to achieve a certain goal。From the perspective of professional terms，"Soft Power" is the attraction of various values ​​related to a stable in a country。These include cultural value of a given country、Organization and living standards of the country where the country is located、Education quality, etc.。"Soft Power" is based on calling on the thinking and logic of other countries to follow the country's thoughts and logic，In this way, explore solutions that are currently controversial problems，Make other countries accept such a solution。In this case，You need to give priority to solving problems in such non -violent ways。They believe that "soft power" is just a political term，or a proprietary term in the field of international relations。Measure the "soft power" policy of a country，It is inseparable from the comprehensive strength of a country and the country's foreign strategic policy。"Soft Power" as a resource and tool in the country's foreign strategy，The core element is to maintain and realize national interests，It is an important part of the country's foreign strategy。This view covers the connotation of the concept of "soft power" proposed by Joseph Na.，At the same time, the reality and elements interpreted by Russia。The concept and connotation of the "soft power" defined by Joseph Nai is just the organic component of the concept of "soft power" in this type of Russian Bet365 lotto review version，There are essential differences between the two。

　　"Resource" theory

Another type of view tend to think that "soft power" is just a resource，It is a potential that can convert the various resources of the country into attraction and influence，The main representatives are Liebieja (лебедева м. м.)、Tolinov (торкунов а. в.)、Lajikov (радиков и. в.), etc.。These scholars believe that the height of the "soft power" of a country is from its reality、Decisions of the complex comprehensive national strength。At the same time，"Soft Power" can be considered as attractive，can also be defined as an authoritative influence。The essence of "soft power" lies in the ability of the state to attract and influence other countries on the basis of its national comprehensive national strength，You can improve its international image through a series of measures from a country，Then enhances attraction。The country's "soft power" is to show its own culture and values、Institutional advantages and effectiveness of the political system，Attract other countries standing on my side，The ability to seek support for your own agenda。This strategy mainly uses output education、Promotion Language、Communication national cultural values ​​and other national resources to enhance attraction and influence on the international stage。Scholars holding such views believe that the possibility of "soft power" practice is to be based on sympathy、Attraction、Critics and voluntary participation principles。

One of the most important strategic strategies of "soft power" is to create attraction，Including the positive image and influence of the constructing the country。There are two ways to improve the "soft power" of a country。One is "artificial" and "conditional" method，It means that various information is given priority、Advertising and propaganda measures，The purpose is to improve the international image bet365 Play online games of the country，Including public diplomacy、National Diplomacy (that is, traditional diplomacy)、External Development Assistance Program and Humanitarian Aid:。The other is the "natural" method。The first task is not to deliberately publicize your achievements，but really、Sustainable development and enhance your comprehensive national strength and attraction，Specific manifestation as the development of national culture and science and technology、Create a successful economic model、Establish a fair and fair social model、Implementation of domestic policies recognized by their own citizens、Implementing a peaceful foreign policy、Cooperate with other countries to solve international problems and maintain international peace and stability，These achievements will objectively determine the "soft power" of a country。The economic model and power of a sovereign country can also become the resource of "soft power"，A successful economic development model can be for other countries，In particular, it has a huge impact on developing countries。In this case，They will affect the wish of cooperating with other countries，Because this may mean direct economic benefits。other，"Soft Power" resources can not only reflect the actual economic status of a country，It can even be a forward -looking assessment of its development prospects。A attractive economic development model is "soft power"，Economic sanctions are "hard power"。"Hard Power" can also be attractive，In this sense, it will be regarded as "soft power" by third parties。For example，The military power of the country and the ability to defeat the enemy，In this case, it can also be regarded as "soft power"。They think that the "soft power" of a country is often accompanied by the element of "hard power"，Effective ways to implement the "soft power" of the country，It is also the implementation of an international law、Foreign policy routes bet365 Play online games that are attractive to many countries，is suitable for historical conditions、Steady foreign policy strategy。

Although the views of these scholars are similar to the concept of "soft power" proposed by Joseph Na,，Emphasize attractiveness、Influence and persuasion，But not only limited to the culture proposed by Joseph Na with obvious western attributes、Resources of political values ​​and foreign policy。They think that a country's strong military strength、Western countries such as economic strength and comprehensive national strength believe that it is the force in the category of "hard power"，can also produce "soft power" with attractive and influential，and the generation and use of "hard power" and "soft power"，Often complement each other，Along with each other。

　　"Tools" theory

There is also a view that "soft power" is a politics、Diplomacy、Finance、Economy、Foreign policy tools of various forces and means such as information and culture，It is a potential special tool for key foreign policy resources in the background of globalization and controlling international processes，The sum of the internal and external factors of a country，A set of non -military national foreign policies and strategies。The main representatives holding this view are Felimorinov (филимонов г. ю.)、Leonova (леонова о. г.)、Novaslov (новоселов с. в.), etc.。

These scholars believe that the "soft power" policy as an important strategy and means of foreign policy as a Bet365 app download national foreign policy，It is an important part of the country's foreign strategy，Tools that realize and safeguard national interests on the international stage，It is a complete set of complicated strategic systems formulated to realize national interests。They believe that "soft power" has a complex multi -layered system，It allows the country to pass the official and unofficial channels on the international stage，Solve its tactics and strategic problems，is one of the forms of national foreign policy strategy，It is also a comprehensive impact mechanism that works through the "attractive and influence" system。

These scholars think，"Soft Power" is a set of tools，A set of political technology、Methods and means，It has its own special functions and specific positions in international politics。The essence of "soft power" is reflected in: the use of intangible means to realize its own interests globally、Implementing the strategy of the country，Foreign policy purpose with peaceful means，Take non -violent way to realize national interests。"Soft Power" tool is a means based on persuasive and positive attractiveness to influence world politics，A country uses it to achieve its foreign policy goals。Only infiltrate the ideological content in foreign strategies，Through culture、Science and Education and other fields to pass on a certain information to the world，Only in foreign policy can really effectively use the "soft power" tool。They believe that in the context of more and more ideological competition，Russia must formulate a systematic valid value system，can support the use of "soft power" in foreign policy，present a Russian perspective to the world，Able to compete with foreign models。other，These scholars also believe that the success of Russia's "soft power" in the future will depend on the implementation of an attractive socio -economic model in China。They think that only the country's successful development，Reflected in the growth of social production and the continuous improvement of the quality of citizens，will it make it attractive in the international community。So，The real goal of Russia's "soft power" is not to make Russia's image attractive，Instead, Russia itself is attractive。These scholars think，Russia's "soft power" model already has its own characteristics，The system and method of using "soft power" and their tools in foreign policy。Although this kind bet365 Play online games of view still values ​​attraction，But what emphasizes a set of national foreign policies and strategies formulated by non -violent means to achieve national interests and goals，Is a tool and means。

Russia is drawing on the Western model，bring the connotation and definition of "soft power" theory。With the development of the economic and social and the continuous changes in the international situation，Russia's "soft power" policy is constantly adjusted and improved，Gradually establish a set of theoretical and policy system that adapts to its own national conditions and development needs。

　　(Author Unit: Asia Pacific and Global Strategy Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)