The international financial crisis in 2008 and the sovereign debt crisis in 2009-2010 were like opening "Pandora's box"，Triggered a chain reaction in the world economy and international politics。More than ten years since then，The polarization between rich and poor and social divisions in the West are getting worse，The international strategic landscape is also undergoing profound adjustments。The US-led neoliberal international order continues to be in crisis，The globalization process supported by this order has also suffered frequent setbacks。Under changing circumstances，mobile bet365 regains favor in some countries，Policy makers and social elites re-examine the theory and practice of mobile bet365，Attempting to find solutions to deal with the current international strategic competition。

　　mobile bet365 evolution and practical changes.The theory of mobile bet365，In international strategic competition in the economic field，A country’s political leadership should rely on a policy structure with external exclusivity and monopoly，Implement strong intervention，Insulate the national economy from foreign products、Competition between technology and capital，And adopt the path chosen independently by the country，Maximize the country’s technological updates as quickly as possible、Industrial upgrading and economic growth。Specifically，At the technical and industrial level，With the help of industrial policy，The government provides resources to key strategic departments and specific enterprises，Provide support，Enable it to seize the "commanding heights" of high value-added cutting-edge technologies and cutting-edge industries；At the trade and investment level，Establishing a protectionist architecture through high tariffs or non-tariff barriers，Prevent foreign capital from penetrating the country’s strategic industries；At the external financial level，Promote domestic exports and foreign investment by manipulating exchange rates and monetary policies；At the diplomatic level，Try your best to build an international economic cooperation structure that is conducive to domestic enterprises，Help domestic companies expand foreign markets，Obtain monopoly profits。

As early as the European commercial competition in the 15th to early 17th centuries，Mercantilism has already appeared，Believes that the precious metal wealth controlled by the country should be accumulated as much as possible through net exports，This has become an important source of mobile bet365。At the end of the 18th century, U.S. Treasury Secretary Hamilton proposed the idea of ​​using tariffs to protect domestic manufacturing，The idea of ​​state-led industrialization proposed by the Prussian scholar List in the 1840s，Laid the theoretical foundation for mobile bet365。At that time, it was difficult for agricultural countries with backward technology to compete with industrialized countries for markets in free trade，It is easy to become a single economy that only provides low value-added primary products，mobile bet365 has become an ideological weapon for these countries to cope with international competition。In order to compete with Britain, which was the first to complete the Industrial Revolution，The United States and Germany throughout the 19th century，Japan in the late 19th century and the first half of the 20th century，Both have implemented systematic economic nationalist policies，Finally got rid of the backward status of an agricultural country，Completed the transformation of industrialization and modernization。After World War II，On the one hand，mobile bet365 is recognized and practiced in developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America，On the other hand，Trade protectionism、“Import Substitution” Strategy、Theoretical frameworks such as "strategic trade policy" and "developmental state" are gradually maturing，Together constitute the theoretical core of mobile bet365。The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s，The bipolar pattern collapses，Neoliberal theory is popular，The United States actively builds an international multilateral trading system and global governance structure，Globalization enters the fast lane，Entering the highlight moment，mobile bet365 is gradually being ignored by political elites in various countries。

　　Strategic competition among great powers drives the return of mobile bet365.The opposition and debate between mobile bet365 and economic liberalism has continued from the Enlightenment era from the 15th to the 17th century to the present day，And alternately guide the decision-making practices of political elites，Constitutes an important thread in the history of economic thought，It also shapes the evolution path and rhythm of the globalization process and the international strategic pattern。At a specific historical stage，Every country can get a share of the dividends of technological change，General rapid economic growth has occurred around the world，The international order is relatively stable。At this time，Geopolitical competition will level off，Reduced barriers to cross-border flows of trade and investment，The process of globalization is accelerating，Liberal ideas are more likely to be recognized by elites，And mobile bet365 may be temporarily forgotten。But in other stages，The speed of technological change has slowed down or its dividends cannot be evenly distributed，The financial crisis has dragged the world economy into a continued downturn，The distribution of wealth within countries and the speed of development between countries are seriously unbalanced。In times like this，Geopolitics has become the main mechanism driving international relations，The originally stable international order tends to collapse，Strategic confrontation between major powers is becoming increasingly fierce，Transnational economic activities have slowed down sharply。At this time，mobile bet365 is more likely to win the favor of decision-makers。Throughout History，mobile bet365 always resonates with geopolitical and strategic competition dominated by power struggles among great powers，And the liberalization of the international economy and the stability of the international order maintain opposite directions。

1880s to early 20th century，The second industrial revolution caused a serious imbalance in the balance of power and economic growth between the major industrial powers in Europe and North America，Frequent banking crises have intensified social conflicts within countries，It also made the international order based on the gold standard built by the British shaky。In this context，The major industrial powers in Europe and the United States are rushing to adopt economic nationalist policies represented by high tariffs，And intensified geopolitical competition aimed at fighting for colonies，Eventually triggered the First World War。Late 1960s to mid-1970s，The breakthrough of semiconductor technology has started the process of industrial hollowing out in the Western world，Speculation in London led to the collapse of the Bretton Woods system。The energy crisis in 1973 made matters worse，The entire 1970s is regarded by American society as the "lost decade"。Continued economic depression，Changes in the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union，Forced the United States to introduce the "Nixon Doctrine"，Partially gave up the intention of the United States to unilaterally dominate the Western camp，Triggered another round of reorganization of global geopolitics，At the same time, it also escalates the mobile bet365 policy of the West。The United States established the notorious trade protectionist stick in the 1974 Trade Act - Section 301 and Section 201；Western Europe established the "European Customs Union" in 1968，Build unified trade barriers to foreign countries。

Present，The reorganization of global power since the 2008 international financial crisis has entered a critical stage，On the one hand，Social conflicts within the West are increasingly intensified by the gap between rich and poor and ethnic conflicts，The political movements that gave rise to nationalism and populism，The neoliberal ideas and order advocated by traditional political elites have encountered unprecedented doubts and challenges。On the other hand，With the development of China，There is a new imbalance in the balance of power in the international strategic landscape，The competition between China, the United States and Europe has become more intense，The new round of technological revolution represented by artificial intelligence has further intensified this competition。Under the pressure of changing situations，The United States and Europe return to mobile bet365，Shows another historical cycle driven by strategic competition among great powers。

　　“Decoupling” and “mobile bet365 independence” are the mobile bet365 priorities of the United States and Europe.After Trump came to power in 2017，mobile bet365 has become the basic intention of U.S. economic policy and foreign strategy，Although the Biden administration, which took office earlier this year, has partially corrected some of Trump’s more extreme practices，But this strategic direction has not been changed。Currently, American political elites and strategic research focus on the core concept of "decoupling"，Building strategic competitive advantages against China。In the field of technology and industry，The Trump administration has issued nearly a hundred industrial policy documents，Invest a lot of resources，Support the United States in artificial intelligence、Information and Communication、Technological research and development and industrial upgrading in new energy development and other fields，At the same time, try our best to obstruct the flow of technology between the United States and China；The U.S. Congress is currently discussing the draft text of the "Innovation and Competition Act"，Intended to invest US0 billion in the future，To fund technology competition against China。In the field of trade，The United States launched a trade war against China and Europe at the same time in March 2018，Wielding tariffs as a big stick to boycott foreign products，The high tariffs against China have not fundamentally changed yet。In the field of global governance，The Trump administration bluntly stated that the WTO “cannot adapt to the changes of the times”，Planning to start a new business，Building a new international multilateral and bilateral free trade architecture led by the United States；Although the Biden administration has not directly rejected the WTO，But we also believe that the existing international multilateral trading system needs to undergo structural reforms。

At the same time，EU and France、Major European countries such as Germany are also adopting new response strategies。The EU leadership has gradually established a policy system of "European strategic autonomy" since the beginning of 2020，Covers Industrial Strategy、Trade Policy、Euro area financial architecture、Strategies for dealing with US-EU relations and global governance concepts that enhance Europe’s dominant position, etc.，Repeatedly emphasized the need to establish "economic sovereignty" and "technological sovereignty" independently controlled by the EU，Indicates that European political elites are embarking on promoting the concept of mobile bet365 at the European regional level。

It can also be said，To a large extent，The uncertainty of world economic changes has promoted the return of mobile bet365。Therefore，mobile bet365 always goes hand in hand with global geopolitics and great power strategic competition，Synchronized ups and downs。Current United States、The EU and some major European countries have launched mobile bet365 policy systems，Based on industrial strategy，Covers technology monopoly、Trade Protection、Investment Review、Strategic Security、Economic diplomacy and other aspects，Focus on concepts such as “decoupling” and “strategic autonomy”，Intention to gain advantage in the current strategic competition。The return of this mobile bet365，will become an important shaping factor in China’s future external strategic environment。

　　(The author is the director of the EU Studies Center of Shanghai International Studies University、Visiting researcher at Shanghai Jiao Tong University Center for International mobile bet365 Studies)