Bet365 app download

Cold War period，The Arctic was the forefront of the United States and Soviet Union，It has always been the stage for the US Soviet military event。until the end of the Cold War，The Arctic is once returned to peace。With the establishment of the Arctic Council，In the case of the geopolitical stability of the Arctic，Constructive cooperation in multiple fields is gradually developed，Many scholars believe that the Arctic Exceptionalism is achieved in the Arctic.，That is, there is no big country competition in the Arctic region，and is isolated from the global situation。This period，The Arctic State has successively achieved international cooperation under the framework of the Arctic Council，and introduce many observer states and organizations to participate in the Arctic governance，The stability of geopolitics promotes the characteristics of the Arctic Development to present the characteristics of constructive cooperation。But，With the rapid changes in the Arctic and the progress of human technology and the opening of the Arctic channel，Rich resources become easier to get，More and more international behaviors are "rushing to the Arctic"，Starting interests，As a result, the Arctic State is increasingly strengthening the defense of the Arctic territory，Arctic development and security competition trends have changed significantly。

　　Arctic Development and Safety Show the situation of "multiple compounds"

The "heat" of the Arctic "heat" is higher year by year，Promote all parties to intensify competition in Arctic resources，and competition is not limited to the Arctic countries，Instead, it is widely involved in the households of the Arctic and foreign countries，Even the home home home。Among them，The interaction between the great powers of the Arctic has a decisive impact on the development of the Arctic competition trend。After the crisis Bet365 lotto review of Ukraine，US Russian diplomatic relations continue to deteriorate，The two sides have carried out comprehensive competition in many fields，The competitive situation has spread to the Arctic region。The focus of competition in the United States and Russia mainly focuses on the existence of Arctic military existence and resource development。

Despite the multi -round sanctions pressure of the United States United States United States，But in the Arctic area，Russia is an undisputed military strong，Especially in recent years，As Russia is increasingly regarded as an important carrier of the national economic recovery，The maintenance of Arctic security interests is more prominent。Russia's reorganization through military institutions，Upgrade the northern fleet under the Arctic region of Russia to the Fifth Military Region in Russia，Military bases during the Cold War at the same time，Research and development of new weapons suitable for the Arctic region，Carry out large -scale military exercises，To deal with security threats from the outside。Whether it is the NATO "Trident" large -scale exercise in 2018，US aircraft carrier enters the Arctic Sea for the first time，It is also the increasing garrison in Norway、Restart military base and submarine base，All further exacerbated the possibility of friction between the two parties in the future。Therefore，The tension between the great powers between the United States and Russia made the Cold War that was once again involved in the calm Arctic region.，It may even be reduced to "a place for military conflicts"。

The competitive situation of the big country is also reflected in the balance between the development and environmental protection of the Arctic。Russia believes that Western countries continue to use environmental protection issues to pressure Russia，Turning ecological and environmental protection themes into sanctions、Tools for discrimination and unfair competition。Western shipping companies on the grounds of protecting the marine environment，Abandon the North Channel。Russia's Arctic Development Action is labeled with "no environmental protection" and "destroying the environment" bet365 best casino games one by one。Russia thinks，When Western countries try to initiate unhealthy competition around the Arctic region，Russia is saving the ecological environment of the Arctic region，and carry out comprehensive work to eliminate the accumulation of the Nature of the Arctic，Plan promotes industry、Energy、Suggestions for using environmentally friendly technology in transportation and other areas。For example，Russia has established the "Russian Arctic" National Park and the "Franhael Joseph Islands" federal protected area，and the Arctic many years of frozen soil monitoring plan, etc.。

Some people think that the Arctic is entering a new Cold War，Even some scholars pointed out，"In the Arctic，The Cold War has never ended "。More and more realists have announced the death of "Arctic Exceptions"，It is pointed out "Although the Arctic location is unique，But its existence is not in an isolated international background，It is not away from the pressure of tension between Russia and the West. "。but but，It is worth noting that it is，Although the competition in the country continues to intensify，But search and rescue in the Arctic、Ecological protection、Cross -border cooperation and other low political areas，The cooperation between the big country is still continuing。Including the joint formulation of the Bailing Strait two -way route，Combining action under the framework of the Coast Guard Forum，Keep border interaction, etc.，Make the Arctic still retain a certain scale cooperation in the competitive resource competition。Under the influence of the returning to the Arctic in the competition of large powers，Arctic Development and Safety Show the situation of "multiple compounds"，Maintain a certain cooperation in the struggle。

　　New "Exceptions"

The Arctic International structure is very complicated，Relations between the stakeholders present the complex situation of competition and cooperation，In the intensification of the interests of the Arctic, there are also cooperation in many fields。Although most scholars are pessimistic about the future of the Arctic，I believe that global order and geopolitical evolution in the Arctic region are pointed to bet365 Play online games a blur、Future of unstable and conflict。But actually，Just as the ancient Chinese language，"All must be missing，Extreme will be reversed "。The ultimate competition may not be conflict，It may also be cooperation。After all, the Arctic situation is deeply embedded in the relationship between great powers，The turmoil of the Arctic is not good for any party，Employers must want to obtain the North Pole interests to the greatest extent，Fighting and conflict cannot solve any problems，Seek consensus、Solve the differences，Promoting cooperation on the premise of maintaining a peaceful and stable environment in the Arctic region is the best choice to meet the interests of all parties。The largest Arctic country，It is also an important shaped by the Arctic pattern and the "party" Russia takes over as the rotating chairman of the Arctic.，Creating an opportunity for this turning to create a topic。

May 19-20, 2021，The Ministerial Meeting bet365 best casino games of the 12th Arctic Council was held at Reykjaik, Iceland，Russia replaced Iceland to serve as 2021-2023 Arctic Directors' rotating chairman country。In addition to the rotation of transfer chairman of the state affairs，The Foreign Minister of the Eight Eight Kingdoms also signed the "Reyk Jacques Declaration"，reiterates that the Arctic Council is "maintaining peaceful in the Arctic region、Promise of Stable and Constructive Cooperation，Emphasized the importance of immediately solving the climate change in the Arctic region。To commemorate the 25th anniversary of the establishment of the Arctic Council，The meeting also passed the first strategic plan of the Arctic Director's Association，"The Strategic Plan of the Arctic Council 2021-2030"，Reflects the common values ​​of the Aboriginal people of the Arctic and permanent participants、Objectives and Wishes，and will guide the work of the Arctic Council for the next 10 years。The meeting also adopted a change involved in the Arctic Climate、Biological diversity、Many results reports of issues such as environmental protection。It can be said，Holding of the Ministerial Meeting of the 12th Arctic Council and the signing of relevant declarations，Sweep the negative shadow caused by the "fierce" remarks of the "fierce" remarks of the US Secretary of State Pompeo at the Minister -level Meeting in Finland in 2019，It also provides new opportunities for the place where the Arctic has become "peaceful and cooperative" and even the changes in the trend of security competition。

According to the current statement of the Russian official，"Development International Cooperation mentality" has become an important concept of Russia's chairman of the country，and propose the development of the economic development with other countries、Improve the quality of people's life、Cooperation in implementing new investment projects is open and open。Although there are fundamental differences on many issues in the North Pole，But for the two countries，The Arctic is still one of the few areas between the two countries that can make dialogue，Coordination of the coast Guard work、Fishery supervision and shipping safety, etc.。Even，The Arctic is also a relieving relationship between the two countries，Seeking consensus on a wider extensive issue，and solve the differences with the dialogue。At the Ministerial Meeting of the Arctic Council just past，The United States and Russia realized the first meeting by the US President Bayeng after taking office，Consultation on many strategic stability issues。Shortly after the meeting，The news that the US Russia announced that the head of state of the two countries is about to meet.。Therefore，Russia's term of office of the Arctic Council will also realize a new level of interaction for both parties，Then ease bilateral relations to build a new mechanism platform。Although the competition in the big country still exists，But both sides show that the Arctic issues are separated from the competition situation of the two sides，The tendency of exploring the common interests on the Arctic，Intention to create a new "Arctic Exception" again，Promoting the trend of Arctic Development and Safety Competition to change to the direction of cooperation greater than the conflict。

Bet365 lotto review But，Also pay attention，The United States and Russia tried to use the approaching of the Arctic issue to achieve "thaw" of bilateral relations，and even the idea of ​​creating the North Pole to realize the "new exceptionalism" is difficult。In the process of the transformation of the trend of development and security competition in the Arctic，Western countries led by the United States have not relaxed the sanctions and suppression of Russia，Western countries' accusations on the existence of Russia's Arctic military have never weakened，The United States shows its willingness to restart the military security dialogue mechanism with Russia，Still continuously increasing military activities in the Arctic region，United Allied allies such as Norway conduct military exercises against Russia，even sending a nuclear submarine "New Mexico" into the port of Norway Port Tromse，This is the first time that the US nuclear submarine stopped Norway，Treating dissatisfaction with Russia。Highly linked the Arctic situation and the international situation，There is no "exception"。

China is an important stakeholder of the Arctic Affairs，It is also an important strategic collaboration partner for Russia to develop Arctic international cooperation。Looking back at the progress of China -Russia Arctic cooperation，Both parties in energy mining、Shipping Construction and Scientific Investigation and other fields have established normalized cooperation mechanisms，and achieved remarkable cooperation achievements。Looking at the world，Whether it is funds、Technology or market demand，China has always been a key partner that Russia cannot replace。Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov has clearly stated: "For us，China is a real strategic partner and like -minded person，Our cooperation on the international stage，It will help stabilize the global and regional situation。"This is true!

On the occasion of the rotation of the Arctic Director of Russia，Arctic development and security competition trends are expected to appear turning，China should seize new opportunities for cooperation between the two countries，bet365 live casino games Improve bilateral cooperation mechanism，Deepen Russia in multiple fields in the Arctic、Comprehensive pragmatic cooperation，Forms a multi -level cooperation architecture，Do the initiative of the "Ice Silk Road" jointly advocated by the leaders of China and Russia to do it.。

　　(This article is the major research of the National Social Science Foundation "China Participation in the Great Change of the International Great Change" (20VHQ011) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of International Affairs and Public Management of Ocean University of China、Chinese Ocean University Ocean Development Research Institute; School of Law of Ocean University of China)