Current，The situation of geopolitical tensions in the world is facing geopolitical tensions、Climate crisis、Global threats such as global distrust and technology caused by negative effects，endangering the progress of human society in the 21st century。Unewal of global economic benefits、The phenomenon of deeply ingrained poverty and inequality between many countries within and between countries、The occurrence of the epidemic of new crown pneumonia further exacerbated global threats，Make the multilateralist system facing severe tests。Some scholars suggest that clarify the concept of multilateralism and the prerequisite for implementing effective multilateralism，Revitalize multilateralism。

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James Scott, a professor at Political Sciences at the U.S.，Multilateralism refers to the process of dealing with the relationship between three or more countries，In addition to the basic quantity level，Multilateralism usually also includes quality elements or principles that affect mechanisms Bet365 lotto review or institutional characteristics。These principles include the inseparableness of the interests between participants、The commitment to diffuse mutual benefit and the dispute solution system aimed at the implementation of a specific behavior mode。Multilateralism has a long history，But it is mainly related to the era of the era after World War II，During this period，The multilateral protocol led by the United States booms，Among them, international organizations related to trade and security most reflect the principle of multilateralism。

German Institute of International Politics and Security (SWP) Senior Outstanding Researcher Hanns Maull from 1.0、2.0 and 3.0 versions explained the concepts of multilateralism。Under the 1.0 version (Multilateralism I)，Multilateral diplomatic and security policies compare with bilateral or unilateral operations，multilateral policy is about "how" instead of "what"、It is the essence and goal of "behavior" rather than international politics。In short，This multilateralism is a diplomatic means to achieve specific purposes。

Under the 2.0 version (Multilatoralism II)，Multilateralism will coordinate the diplomatic actions of two or more participants in the international organization framework，Guidance with principles and specifications，and bet365 best casino games abide by the rules and regulations of these organizations，Such as the "United Nations Charter", etc.。In this version，Multilateral foreign policy not only represents a specific diplomatic method，and represent the principles of foreign policy、Promotion of substantive goals and methods，and a series of basic values。This is also the meaning of multilateralism popular in international politics today，Dedicated to promote effective global governance。

If version 2.0 represents all kinds of regulatory concepts of world politics，Multilateralism III (Multilateralism III) expresses the principle of hope。But，In order to realize this hope and use the potential of effective multilateralism，You need to overcome two types of obstacles。First，It must reach a consensus on the standard basis and specific content of multilateral diplomacy，What is the interest、What kind of purpose should be achieved、What concepts of both benefits and values ​​and values ​​and international order will be formed and promoted.。Secondly, to remove obstacles related to the organization and specific implementation process。Even if principle、Value、Targets, etc., have reached a wide range of consensus，We just have the need for effective bet365 live casino games multilateralism but inadequate prerequisites。The multilateral cooperation within the framework of the Paris Climate Agreement proves this: it is based on common principles、Standards and procedures，However, the multilateral climate policy is far from slowing global warming to ideal and necessary。The specific problems and limitations of multilateral operations are the crux of the crux here。

　　Hope to revive multilateralism

Tatiana Valovaya, director of the United Nations Office in Geneva, said，Multilateralism lays the foundation for the joint agreement and cooperation。Unfortunate is，People are now witnessing the upgrade of geopolitical tensions and the serious asymmetric and split at all levels。The growing global dislike、Nationalist emotions and long -lasting trade tensions have exacerbated the vulnerability of the global structure，Weaken the prospect of global growth。The international community is eliminating poverty、The progress of creating decent work and achieving sustainable development goals is seriously threatened。But，Global dialogue activities to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations in 2020，Most people believe in cooperation and hope to revive multilateralism。Although the current challenges facing the world are both bet365 live casino games urgent and complicated，But the current crisis can unite the international community and finally promote and strengthen multilateralism。

Valvaria thinks，On the basis of global support，The multilateral system needs at least three changes。First of all, a new form of tolerance。International decision -making not only requires the government's voice，It also needs to include local and regional actors、Folk Organization、Business industry、Academic circles and other voices that are often ignored。Next，The way to solve the problem is more network。The most severe challenge in front of us is transnational，The operation method of the global governance mechanism needs to gather different participants and communities together，Cultivation and motivation，Create a sustainable solution。third，Multilateralism must be more effective。The operation of international organizations needs to be closer to stakeholders，To achieve tolerance、Innovative partnership，New digital solutions can assist this requirement。

Given the challenges facing the current world politics and its specific structural conditions，Multilateralism seems to be an indispensable form of international diplomacy。In order to improve the effectiveness of multilateralism as much as possible，Real bet365 Play online games evaluation of its prerequisites and correctly understand the characteristics of multilateral politics is essential。From Maoer's view，Effective multilateralism depends on several prerequisites，The most important of which are related participants and their attitudes。First，Do they really care about the sustainability of the negotiation results when they participate in multilateral negotiations，Still just for tactical goals。Next，Whether there is a willingness to compromise，Is the requirements and expectations put forward by all parties to negotiate。third，Whether willing to take action on the basis of diffusion and mutual benefit，For example, the long -term interest that focuses on unity，not only see short -term disadvantages。Further prerequisites also involve the legality of the negotiator、Whether to have the ability to make binding commitments and whether it can succeed in practice。If these conditions are not met，Multilateral diplomacy may not be able to achieve any positive results，It may even be harmful。