Present,The COVID-19 epidemic is intertwined with major changes unprecedented in a century。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized,“The world is a world for all peoples,The difficulties and challenges facing the world require people of all countries to work together,Work together to cope,Peaceful development,Win-win bet365 Play online games is the right way in the world”。In the 2021 World Economic Forum Davos Agenda,What the participating countries think,Facing the fight against the epidemic、Reviving the economy、Coping with climate change、Realize economic and social digital transformation、Overcoming development imbalance、Resolving financial risks and geopolitical disputes,Multilateral bet365 Play online games is the best option,Strengthening international bet365 Play online games has become a broad consensus。
Compare reality,There is a huge contrast between the consensus on international bet365 Play online games and the practice of international bet365 Play online games。The reason is that the rise of anti-globalization trends has eroded the foundation of international bet365 Play online games,There is also the absence of international bet365 Play online games theory。Although the international community is driven by the practice of international bet365 Play online games,The hegemonic bet365 Play online games theory of the neorealist school was formed around the core theme of whether bet365 Play online games can be achieved、Traditional international bet365 Play online games theory represented by the institutional bet365 Play online games theory of the neoliberal school and the cultural bet365 Play online games theory of the constructivist school,But under the test of current international exchange practice,The traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory faces a double crisis。On the one hand,The traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory is difficult to adapt to the requirements of the era of great changes unseen in a century,There is no reasonable explanation for many international phenomena occurring in the current international society,There is a crisis of aphasia;On the other hand,The traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory cannot provide effective guidance for the international bet365 Play online games behavior taking place in the current international society,It is difficult to predict future development trends,There is a failure crisis。In this context,Based on the reality of international society and the development demands of countries around the world,International bet365 Play online games theory should be updated,Coping with the aphasia of traditional international bet365 Play online games theory、Invalidation crisis,Guide the international community to solve development dilemmas,Achieve global governance。
A history of the development of human thought,It is also a history of ideological transcendence。There is no continuous transcendence in thought,Human society cannot keep moving forward。In the contradiction between international bet365 Play online games becoming an urgent need and traditional international bet365 Play online games theory becoming aphasic and invalid,China is a great power among the rising non-Western countries,In the spirit of building theoretical China、The original intention to contribute Chinese wisdom to the international community,Guided by Marxist theory,Absorb the excellent traditional Chinese culture of harmony and symbiosis,Summary of peaceful coexistence since the founding of New China、Peaceful development、Shared Prosperity、Practical experience in international bet365 Play online games aiming at a harmonious world,Points out the direction of win-win bet365 Play online games。Win-win bet365 Play online games is based on the reality of coexistence and coexistence of the international community,Taking mutual trust as the prerequisite for bet365 Play online games,Taking common interests as the driving force for bet365 Play online games,Based on common values for bet365 Play online games,Principle of bet365 Play online games,To build a community with a shared future for mankind as the goal of bet365 Play online games,Apply to politics、Economy、Culture、Security and other fields、Have a global vision and holistic thinking。Win-win bet365 Play online games starts from equal bet365 Play online games、Win-win bet365 Play online games、The three dimensions of holistic bet365 Play online games transcend the power thinking of traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory、Zero-sum thinking and linear thinking。
Beyond power thinking with equal bet365 Play online games
"bet365 Play online games under the perspective of traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory mostly follows homogeneous bet365 Play online games under strong systems",Have a strong power mindset。First,The essence of hegemonic bet365 Play online games theory is that hegemonic countries dominate and create corresponding international bet365 Play online games mechanisms in order to defend their own interests,Forcing small and weak countries to participate and pay a certain price,It is a mandatory bet365 Play online games。Secondly,Institutional bet365 Play online games theory believes that institutions can solve information barriers in the process of international bet365 Play online games、Communication barriers,Reduce transaction costs and environmental uncertainty,Thus promoting the achievement of bet365 Play online games。The theory of institutional bet365 Play online games relies on the creation of certain dominant countries、Maintain the operating logic of the international system,Specific content of changing the system for some dominant countries、Control the specific operation of the international system to create opportunities,Weak countries can only passively obey the power of the dominant country。Finally,The basis for bet365 Play online games in shaping a common culture,Let cultural bet365 Play online games theory have a natural threshold for bet365 Play online games,That is, the homogeneous culture of the cooperating subjects,Countries with heterogeneous cultures are excluded from the scope of bet365 Play online games because of the difficulty in shaping a common culture。
It can be seen from this,Whether it is hegemonic bet365 Play online games theory、Institutional bet365 Play online games theory、Cultural bet365 Play online games theory is not a theory of international bet365 Play online games covering all national actors in the world,They all proceed from safeguarding the interests of major countries,Pursue the growth of the self-interests of major powers,Without regard to small countries、Equal status of weak countries in bet365 Play online games and international bet365 Play online games with reasonable demands。In the international bet365 Play online games they lead,Not every country can participate equally,Not all bet365 Play online games benefits can be shared equally,This leads to divisions between different countries,Marginalized countries are created。Win-win bet365 Play online games breaks through Western international bet365 Play online games theories that focus on big and powerful countries、The power thinking of small countries in a completely passive position,Beyond the hegemonic attribute of safeguarding the interests of hegemons and major powers,Emphasis on equal bet365 Play online games。No matter it is a big country、Small country、Fuguo、Poor countries can participate equally,Different social and political systems、Different religions、Countries and international organizations from different civilizations can join,Advocating that all countries in the world jointly control their destiny、Work together to write international rules、Co-governing international affairs、Sharing development results together。
Beyond zero-sum thinking with win-win bet365 Play online games
Generally speaking,Gain is the original expectation of participating in international bet365 Play online games。But,In the practice of international bet365 Play online games under the background of traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory,Especially in the practice of bet365 Play online games between developed and developing countries,Although both sides benefited,But this profit is uneven。Western developed countries enjoy first-mover advantages in development,Has advanced economic factors and a relatively complete industrial system,So it is usually in the high value-added link in the international division of labor。This development advantage is converted into conditional advantages for international bet365 Play online games,As a result, Western developed countries account for the largest proportion of gains from international bet365 Play online games,The benefits for developing countries are very limited。At the same time,bet365 Play online games in traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory is just a means for cooperative subjects to gain power,The ultimate goal of pursuing greater power is to conduct better confrontation。
So,In the process of international bet365 Play online games,Have a zero-sum mindset、The pursuit of profit maximization is the ultimate dream of developed countries with first-mover advantages。In order to realize this ultimate dream,Developed countries with first-mover advantages will use all means to pursue the benefits they want in order to maximize profits,Whether the partner is profitable、Whether it will cause damage to the long-term development of the other party or the interests of other international actors in the international community and the development interests of the entire human society,None of them are considered。The pursuit of maximizing profits,Realistically speaking, many countries that have long been the raw material producers of developed countries have lost power after participating in international bet365 Play online games,Still trapped in the embarrassing situation of backward manufacturing development and serious ecological and environmental problems。Compared with the traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory, the purpose of pursuing bet365 Play online games is to better combat differences,Win-win bet365 Play online games and pursuit of win-win sharing,Pursuing to build a community with a shared future for mankind。So,Win-win bet365 Play online games is guided by the correct concept of justice and benefit,Development-oriented bet365 Play online games,Through the concept of win-win bet365 Play online games、Continuous cooperative behavior achieves fair distribution of cooperative benefits and common development of cooperative entities,It is a transcendence of the zero-sum thinking in traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory。
Beyond linear thinking with holistic bet365 Play online games
The research on traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory is mature、Unified paradigm,That is, looking for a core variable,And use this core variable as the fulcrum to build an international bet365 Play online games theoretical system,So hegemonic bet365 Play online games theory has found "power",Institutional bet365 Play online games theory finds "system",Cultural bet365 Play online games theory finds "bet365 Play online games"。Reviewing the Western Traditional International bet365 Play online games Theoretical System from the Reality of International bet365 Play online games,The achievement of international bet365 Play online games practice is not the result of a single factor,It is the result of a series of factors,But "the high degree of simplicity of international relations theory determines that a theory often only emphasizes one aspect of international relations,The actual international relations are complicated。Each paradigm has its achievements and shortcomings in thinking about security bet365 Play online games issues”。So,Whether it is hegemonic bet365 Play online games theory、Institutional bet365 Play online games Theory or Cultural bet365 Play online games Theory,There is an embarrassment of insufficient explanatory power at the practical level。
The weakness of traditional Western international bet365 Play online games theory at the practical level,Explains that it is necessary and urgent to build a holistic bet365 Play online games theoretical system based on system theory。The so-called "wholeness" means "to regard the research object as an organic whole formed by various constituent elements,Interdependence between the whole and the parts、Revealing the characteristics and movement patterns of objects in the mutually restrictive relationship,The overall nature of the research object”。Win-win bet365 Play online games is China’s starting point from international bet365 Play online games practice,Recognize the single flaw of international bet365 Play online games theory and use dialectical materialism theory as a weapon、Based on the scientific understanding that the world is a universally connected whole,The new direction proposed。Win-win bet365 Play online games believes that international bet365 Play online games is achieved by common interests、Shared Value、International system、Mutual trust between subjects、The result of the overall effect of multiple factors such as the international social environment,It is a process of systematic coordination of various bet365 Play online games elements。Win-win bet365 Play online games breaks through the single element theory of traditional international bet365 Play online games theory of Western multilateralism,It is a transcendence of the linear thinking of traditional Western international bet365 Play online games thoughts。
(This article is a phased result of the Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Project “Research on the Global Governance Implications of Xi Jinping’s Thought on Building a Community with a Shared Future for Mankind” (2018GZYB21)
(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, South China University of Technology)
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