For the past few decades，Innovation of the theory of international relations with Chinese characteristics or Chinese school，Can be divided into two implementation paths，That is the universal path and particularity path。Both are part of the self -knowledge system of Chinese scholars to build an international relations theory，Future scholars will also move forward along these two paths，and achieve more fruitful results。

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Theory built based on the general path，Focus on the common features between China and other countries in the world。Many Chinese scholars will think of Chinese thinking logic、Cultural Essence、Innovative process of historical experience into the theory Bet365 app download of international relations，This theory can better explain China itself than the mainstream theory of Western Western，It can also better explain Western countries and other developing countries。

From the end of the 20th century，Many advanced explorators of Chinese international relations theory，Start trying to build a great theory of originality。After continuous efforts,，In the middle of the first ten years of the 21st century，China International Relations Theory has already appeared in the situation of hundreds of claims。Among them, Bet365 app download the most well -known representative results are related to theory、Tonic realism、Social evolution、Separational、Location Realism, etc.，There are many scholars in the alliance theory、British School、Based on the theory of critical theory, the general theory with Chinese characteristics is developed。The views of these scholars have a great influence in the world，They have the ability to have academic dialogue with international scholars，Published English academic papers and even founded English academic journals，Improve the right to speak in the international academic community。Although some scholars are unwilling to use the "Chinese school" to call their theory，I am more willing to treat their achievements as part of the collective efforts of the world's academic community，But in fact their contribution has left a clear Chinese mark。

Theory built based on the special path of the path，Do not give up looking for the common features between China and other countries，But more emphasized the discovery of China's own unique attribute。Comparison of comparison，Scholars with universal paths hope to use China's unique philosophical thoughts and historical practice，Provide a way to understand the world differently from Westerners，But the special path emphasizes that China and Western countries have essential differences in many aspects。Specifically，The uniqueness of China's own culture and civilization，It determines that China's national structure and political system cannot be exactly the same as that of many countries; the uniqueness of the Chinese thinking bet365 live casino games mode，It means that China's foreign decisions and the laws of foreign strategies are different; the uniqueness of Chinese historical tradition and political practice，It indicates that China's rise will have some impact on the current international order and international specifications。

The development of international relations theory and universal path theory of special pathway theory，Almost at the same time，Promote each other、complement each other。The original intention of Chinese scholars to propose to build the theory of international relations with Chinese characteristics is，Many people realize that the theory of Western international relations cannot explain the uniqueness of Chinese historical experience。Starting in the last few years of the first ten years of the 21st century，Many academic leaders in the field of social sciences in China have clearly proposed new academic concepts，As Chinese words、China's international discourse right、China's independent knowledge system、"Method in China", etc.，Its main background is the change of the relationship between China and the Western countries caused by the rise of China and it caused。Discipline in International Relations，A number of Chinese scholars vigorously emphasize the particularity of China。

Specifically，Some scholars emphasize the relationship between the general knowledge of the world's universal knowledge and Chinese local knowledge;，Emphasize the need to understand the historical civilization genes of China and other Bet365 app download countries; some have refined key concepts with Chinese characteristics from ancient philosophy and historical classics，created a new theoretical framework that is completely different from the "three paradigms" of the US international relations; some emphasize the academic vitality of the Marxist paradigm and research methods，and its strong interpretation of international relations in the background of adverse globalization。

　　Dialectical view of Western international relations knowledge system

Universal paths and special paths are not completely distinguished，The same international relations scholar may have a achievement in both areas，or at different stages of the academic career。We cannot deny many levels that exist in international relations，But you should not give up the pursuit of universal efforts。From the perspective of political science，Chinese -style modernization itself not only contains China's universal exploration of modernization of countries around the world，At the same time, it also emphasizes China's unique way to realize modernization。From the perspective Bet365 app download of international relations，The rise of the country not only has universality，It also has its special characteristics。History，Many Western countries have successfully achieved the rise through colonial expansion and capital accumulation，But today's China explored a new road that predecessors have not taken.，This is why we have to dialectically treat the general significance of the knowledge accumulation of Western international relations。Scholars who follow the universal nature of international relations，It does not deny that there may be certain particularity in China; scholars who are committed to promoting the Chinese road and practice of the Chinese model will also think，China should contribute to the world some universal thoughts。

What to pay attention to is，Discuss the special phenomenon of international relations and world politics，We must always have a dialectical attitude。On the one hand，The difference between China and the West does not mean that China is special，Because this difference may already be within the explanation range of a certain Western theory。In this case，You can use the existing mature theory in the West to explain the Chinese problem，Blind pursuit of theoretical innovation may lead to the effect of empty shout slogans。On the other hand，If all the theories in the West can indeed explain a phenomenon in China，Chinese scholars should give priority to trying to develop universal theory，Taking China and other countries as different cases under this universal theory。This theory not only has distinctive Chinese characteristics，and can become part of the collective efforts of the world's academic community。

Whether it is insisting on the general path，Still persistent on the particularity path，Chinese international relations scholars must have necessary dialogue with international academic colleagues。Comparison for comparison，Theoretical theory generated by universal paths is easily recognized by the academic community of Western international relations，Some Korean (descent) scholars、Indian bet365 Play online games (descent) scholars and scholars from Islamic countries have also established a universal concept and theory based on the unique culture of their own country。but but，It is not enough to pay attention to the universality，Because of China's historical tradition、The national scale and the strategic thinking of Chinese people, and the understanding of world order is very different from the West，Avoiding these phenomena cannot explain the deep -seated contradictions between Eastern and Western countries today。But the challenge facing the special path is，This logic is difficult to express with academic discourse that western scholars can understand，Related results are rarely understood and recognized by readers in the English world，Even such papers are difficult to survive in an academic system based on peer evaluation system。Generally speaking，In the future for a while，Special path path will be a highland for the innovation of Chinese international relations，It can not only explain many facts，And can predict the future change of the world more accurately，A more profound impact。

　(The author is a lecturer at the Social Science Higher Research Institute of Fudan University; a master's degree in the University of Nottingham in the United Kingdom)