The past few decades，Innovation in Bet365 app download theory with Chinese characteristics or Chinese school，can be divided into two implementation paths，That is, the universal path and the specific path。Both are part of the independent knowledge system of Bet365 app download theory constructed by Chinese scholars，Future scholars will also move forward along these two paths，And achieve more fruitful results。

　　Universality and Bet365 app download go hand in hand

A theory based on a universal path，Mainly focus on the common characteristics between China and other countries in the world。Many Chinese scholars refer to Chinese thinking logic、Cultural Essence、The innovative process of integrating historical experience into Bet365 app download theory，Such a theory can not only explain China itself better than mainstream Western theories，Can also better explain Western countries and other developing countries。

Since the end of the 20th century，Many pioneer explorers of Chinese Bet365 app download theory，Start trying to construct an original big theory。After continuous efforts，By the middle of the first decade of the 21st century，China’s Bet365 app download theory has seen a hundred schools of thought contending。One of the most well-known representative results is the relationship theory、Moral realism、Social evolution、Harmony and symbiosis、Positional realism, etc.，There are many scholars working on alliance theory、British School、Developed a universal theory with Chinese characteristics based on critical theory。The views of these scholars have had great influence around the world，They have the ability to engage in academic dialogue with international scholars，By publishing English academic papers and even establishing English academic journals，Promote the voice of Chinese scholars in the international academic community。Although some scholars are unwilling to use "Chinese School" to call their theories，Prefer to regard your results as part of the collective efforts of the world academic community，But in fact, their contributions have left a distinct Chinese imprint。

A theory based on the path of particularity，Do not give up looking for common characteristics between China and other countries，But more emphasis is placed on discovering China’s own unique attributes。In comparison，Scholars with a universal approach hope to draw on China’s unique philosophical thoughts and historical practices，Provide a different way of understanding the world from Westerners，But the particular approach emphasizes the essential differences between China and Western countries in many aspects。Specifically，The uniqueness of China’s own culture and civilization，This determines that China’s national structure and political system cannot be exactly the same as those of many countries；The uniqueness of Chinese people’s way of thinking，It means that China’s diplomatic decision-making and foreign strategy have different rules；The uniqueness of China’s historical traditions and political practices，It indicates that the rise of China will have some impact on the current Bet365 app download order and Bet365 app download norms。

The Development of Bet365 app download Theory of Particular Path and Universal Path Theory，Almost at the same time，The two promote each other、Complement each other。The original intention of Chinese scholars at the end of the 20th century when they proposed the theory of Bet365 app download with Chinese characteristics，Many people realize that Western Bet365 app download theory cannot explain the uniqueness of China’s historical experience。From the last years of the first decade of the 21st century，Many academic leaders in the field of Chinese social sciences have clearly proposed new academic concepts，Like Chinese Discourse、China’s international voice、China’s independent knowledge system、“Using China as a method” etc.，The main background is the rise of China and the changes in the relationship between China and Western countries。In Bet365 app download，Many Chinese scholars have unanimously emphasized the importance of paying attention to China’s particularities。

Specifically，Some scholars emphasize the good handling of the relationship between world universal knowledge and Chinese local knowledge；Some people advocate elevating history to the existence of ontological significance，Emphasis on understanding the respective historical and civilizational genes of China and other countries；Some have extracted key concepts with Chinese characteristics from ancient philosophical and historical classics，Created a new theoretical framework that is completely different from the "three major paradigms" of American Bet365 app download；Some emphasize the academic vitality of Marxist paradigm and research methods，And its powerful explanatory power for Bet365 app download in the context of anti-globalization。

　　Dialectically look at the Western Bet365 app download knowledge system

The universal path and the particular path are not completely clear，The same Bet365 app download scholar may have made achievements in both fields，Or they have different focuses at different stages of their academic career。We cannot deny that particularity exists in many aspects of Bet365 app download，But we should not give up our efforts to pursue universality。From a political science perspective，Chinese-style modernization itself not only includes China’s universal exploration of modernization in all countries around the world，It also emphasized China’s unique way of achieving modernization。From the perspective of Bet365 app download，The experience of the rise of a country is not only universal，It also has its own peculiarities。History，Many Western countries have successfully achieved their rise through colonial expansion and capital accumulation，But today’s China has explored a new path that no one has ever taken before，This is why we must dialectically view the universal significance of the accumulation of knowledge in Western Bet365 app download。Scholars who pay attention to the universality of Bet365 app download，I do not deny that China may have some special characteristics；Scholars who are committed to promoting the Chinese path and practicing the Chinese model will also think that，China should contribute some universal ideas to the world。

What should be noted is，When discussing the special phenomena in Bet365 app download and world politics，Always maintain a dialectical attitude。On the one hand，The superficial differences between China and the West do not mean that China is special，Because this difference itself may already be within the explanation scope of a certain Western theory。In this case，You can use mature Western theories to explain China’s problems，Blind pursuit of theoretical innovation may lead to the effect of empty slogans。On the other hand，If all Western theories cannot explain a certain phenomenon in China，Chinese scholars should give priority to trying to develop universal theories，Take China and other countries as different cases under this general theory。Such a theory not only has distinctive Chinese characteristics，And can become part of the collective efforts of the world academic community。

Regardless of adhering to the universal path，Still obsessed with the path of particularity，Chinese Bet365 app download scholars must have necessary dialogue with international academic colleagues。Comparatively speaking，Theories arising from the universal approach are easily recognized by the Western Bet365 app download academic community，Some Korean scholars、Indian (original) scholars and scholars from Islamic countries have also established concepts and theories of universal significance based on the unique culture of their own countries。However，Focusing only on universality is not enough，Because of China’s historical tradition、The size of the country and the Chinese people’s strategic thinking and understanding of world order are indeed very different from those in the West，If you avoid these phenomena, you cannot explain the deep-seated contradictions between Eastern and Western countries today。But the challenge facing the specificity path is，Such logic is difficult to express in academic discourse that can be understood by scholars in Western countries，Relevant results are rarely understood and recognized by readers in the English-speaking world，Even such a paper is difficult to survive in an academic system based on the peer review system。Overall，Some time in the future，The path of particularity will be the high ground for innovation in China’s Bet365 app download，It can not only explain many facts，And can predict future changes in the world more accurately，Produce a more profound impact。

　(The author is a lecturer at the Institute for Advanced Study of Bet365 app download, Fudan University；Master’s student at the University of Nottingham, UK)