Lin Ganquan (1931-2017)，Fujian Shishi，Born in a businessman family。Due to the fall of the house，Lin Ganquan is not good after the birth of the family。Father's borrowing west borrowing，Finally made him read the Shishi Aiqun Primary School、Quanzhou County Middle School and Xiamen Yinghua High School，Completed the academic in the youth。Lin Ganquan's reading in the youth was broad，According to himself，I have accepted the ideological influence of traditional culture and the Russian revolutionary struggle.，In his "Idea has laid some pursuit of fairness and justice、Seeds that resist the reality of darkness "。October 1947，Lin Ganquan at high school stage joined the Ministry of Industry of the Communist Party of China，Actively participate in progressive activities。1948 summer，According to the organization decision，He has been in Xiamen University。Before and after joining the party, suffer Guo Moruo、​​Hou Waulu、翦 赞、The influence of the works of Lu Zhenyu and others，Lin Ganquan chose the history department。​​April 1949，Due to the influence of the Fujian Urban Ministry of Industry，Forced to interrupt academics，Take the Dao Hong Kong to Peiping。After getting to Peiping，Lin Ganquan continues to study at North China University，After graduation，It is assigned back to Beijing North China University Russian Brigade to study Russian。After the founding of Renmin University of China，Lin Ganquan study in the Department of Economics，Later to the Publishing Office of the Research Department、Office work。Autumn 1953，Settled to the Academic Affairs Office of Peking University，month for more than，Adjustment to the Chinese Academy of Sciences，Editorial Department of Ren "History Research"。1960 Institute of History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences、After merging，Set up to the History Research Institute。As deputy director one after another、Director、Secretary of the Party Group、Secretary of the Party Committee，Deputy Director and CEO of the Editorial Publishing Committee of Guo Moruo's Works and Publishing Committee。2006，Founding of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Member of the Ministry of Philosophy of Literature and History。Once the seventh、Member of the Eighth National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference，Member of the History Discipline Review Team of the State Council's Degree Committee，Member of the Publishing Planning Group of the State Council，National Planning Group of the National Philosophy and Social Sciences History Discipline，Director of the Chinese History Society、Member of the Presidium，President of the Chinese Qin and Han History Research Association、Consultant, etc.。October 25, 2017，Mr. Lin Ganquan died in Beijing。

Lin Ganquan is one of the outstanding representatives of Marxist historian workers trained in New China，His historical research theory and practice occupy an important position in the history of contemporary Chinese history。

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In the history of more than sixty years of history，Lin Ganquan is guided by Marxist materialist history.，History of Economics in ancient China、History of Political Culture、History theory and many important areas such as Qin and Han Dynasty have in -depth thinking，I have proposed a lot of very valuable unique views，Get prominent achievements，The specific manifestations are as follows。

　　Explain the development road of ancient China from the perspective of socioeconomic form。Divide the stage of human society in the evolution of socioeconomic forms，is the core of the historical view。Lin Ganquan Suz The Research on Social Economic History of Ancient China，Especially the history of the Qin and Han dynasties in the pre -Qin Qin and Han dynasties，He edited "History of Chinese Freedom Land System" (Volume 1)、"The History of China Economics · Qin and Han Economic Volume"，Published a number of papers such as "Asian Production Methods and Ancient Chinese Society" and "Formation of Privacy of Ancient Chinese Land"，Combining Marxist historical theory with the actual situation of Chinese history，I have obtained a lot of innovative burning opinions。First，Look at the development path of ancient China from the perspective of historical unity and diversity。Lin Ganquan always adheres to the theory of Marxist social form，I believe that the development of human history has its common laws，and expressed through the diversity of the historical development of various nations and national history，Ancient China also experienced the development stage of slave society and feudal society。But this law does not refer to the same mode，It can not be understood that all nations and countries must pass through these two social development stages。The ancient Chinese social form before the Qin and Han dynasties of the Warring States Period，It has the same commonality as the historical development of countries around the world，also has its own characteristics，and evolved from the form of land ownership、Direct producer status、State politics and other aspects made specific explanations。For example，He advocated that ancient China has gone through the social form of slavery，Slaves during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties are different from slaves in classical forms，But as far as the way it is combined with the production materials，But has the characteristics of Marx's "universal slavery"。Next，He combined with Chinese historical reality，I put forward unique insights on the problems of social forms。Lin Ganquan starts with the combination of theoretical analysis and empirical evidence，How to make a historical staging、Asian production method and ancient Chinese society、The name and facts of the concept of "feudal"、Different forms of feudal systems and other issues propose their own views。He thinks，Historians have historic free academic freedom，But Marxist historians are advocating to divide the historical stage with changes in socio -economic forms，That is "five production methods theory"，Different from the different stages of historical development with social forms，Can reveal the essential characteristics of different times in a comprehensive and profoundly revealed characteristics。He pointed out，Marx has proposed four production methods in history when he was alive，plus the socialist society that Marx and Engels have thought of but have never seen it during their lifetime，There are five production methods。He also uses rich evidence to prove，Five production methods are not formulas made by Stalin。Starting from the actual historical development process，Lin Ganquan keenly pointed out，There will be no production method in the historical era，It may be coexistence of several production methods，The question is to be based on Marxist perspective，Find a production method that occupies a dominant position。The "original meaning" for some people think that the "feudal" is the "Fengbang Jianguo" and "Fengjue and Jian Fan" in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty，Leaving this "original meaning" and discussing the formation of feudal society is a kind of "pan -sealed building"，is the result of political intervention，He explicitly stated that the point of view of "can't agree"。He is opposed to the word "feudal" from an isolated point of view，Think of the "feudal" in traditional literature.，But the "feudal society" we discuss does not just refer to a "political system"，but social and economic form。Whether there is a feudal society in Chinese history and whether it can use the word "feudal"，It depends on whether the basic characteristics of the feudal socio -economic form exist in Chinese history，Instead of just the original meaning of the term "feudal" and the model of the European feudal society。Similar discussions are also manifested in his production method and ancient China in Asia、Social transformation in ancient China、Lord system and landlord system、Social changes during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods。Last，Social and Economic History Research。Lin Ganquan takes Qin and Han as a example，In -depth thinking about the inherent relationship between the natural economy and the commodity economy of ancient China，and the characteristics and role of China's feudal economic structure, many unique views。For example，He pointed out: "Combination of natural economy and commodity economy，And the natural economy occupies the dominant position，This is an important feature of China's feudal socio -economic structure。This combination is not a simple coexist，It is not only manifested as a unit of self -sufficient production in the feudal economy，There are also units of commodity production，And it can be represented by the two economic operation forms of the natural economy and the commodity economy.。Whether it is the landlord economy or the peasant economy，It contains the ingredients of the commodity economy in the natural economy，In the commodity economy，also with factors with natural economy。"" In the feudal society in China，Merchant Capital is very active，Business is also quite prosperous，But because the product production does not develop accordingly，It is a commercial to make the product into a product，instead of the product to form a business in its own movement。So，The development of the commodity economy does not disintegrate the natural economy，Instead, the life of the natural economy and feudal production methods is extended。Many phenomena of Chinese feudal socio -economic life and political life，can be made reasonable explanation from this economic structure。

　　In -depth summary of the rich political and cultural heritage of ancient China.Lin Ganquan's academic purpose is not limited to the history of socioeconomic and economic，His political system for ancient China、Ethnic relations, ideological culture and their historical values ​​have also proposed a lot of creative understanding。First，About the political system and national relationship of ancient countries。He thinks，China's early state does not exist in ancient Greece and Rome's urban -state democratic system，Whether it is the kingdom or vassal country，Its government is basically a level of monarchy，Its rule has a strong parental color of the law。This historical characteristics，It is one of the important factors that decide to establish a centralized state of a feudal autocracy earlier in the Qin Dynasty，The traditional Chinese feudal society has the tradition of enlightened monarchs and people's ideas，Political conditions lacking democratic republics。He also pointed out further，The monarchy system as a upper -level building，It is by no means an accidental historical phenomenon，but has a specific economic and class foundation。Evaluation of feudal autocracy in Chinese history，Both must be criticized，Also analysis，Can't deny it，It cannot be completely attributed to tyranny，Active role of the centralization of autocraticism in the unity and historical development of the central government。He pointed out，Weitf's "Oriental Authorism" is not an academic work in the real study of Chinese history，Instead of adapting to the product required by the anti -Communist Cold War policy。After the Qin and Han dynasties，Although I have experienced many changes to the dynasty，There have also been a situation of division and separation，But the country's unity has always been the mainstream of historical development。The reason why the concept of unification is deeply rooted in people's hearts，With its politics、The economy and manifestation of the economy are the historical background of a certain cultural and traditional national psychology。An important feature of the ancient Chinese national relations is，There is both national contradictions、National oppression and national war，There is another powerful cohesion to associate all ethnic groups。National integration and assimilation with the Han nationality as the main body，is the mainstream of national relations，It is also an important chapter in the historical development of the Chinese nation。Confucian cultural identity thinking，It is important to the historical development of unified multi -ethnic countries and the formation of the cohesion of the Chinese nation。Next，The relationship between political power and economic development。Lin Ganquan pointed out，The economic functions of the centralized state of the Central Government of China have played a certain role in promoting the development of feudal socio -economic development，and lead to the emergence of some so -called "prosperous times" in history。but，If we are not simply focusing on the prosperity of the feudal dynasty，Instead of exploring this problem from the development and changes of productivity and production relations，It is not difficult to find，The role of the feudal country on economic development，No can also surpass the scope allowed by economic conditions。Political power to economic development，It can play a role in promoting，can also play a damage function，China's feudal autocraticist central centralized state's destruction effect on economic development，Sometimes it is more effective than promoting。The long -term continuation of the feudal society in China，Dynasties Zhou and Repeated，It has a great relationship with this。Last，About the political culture and academic thoughts of the Qin and Han dynasties。Lin Ganquan pointed out，From the overall perspective of Qin system or Qin Zheng，Although the legalist thought is in a dominant position in the Qin Dynasty，But it does not exclude Confucianism in some officials (especially the six Eastern countries).。He also proposed，The early Han Dynasty "Pure and inaction" is not a proprietary idea of ​​Taoism，In fact, this trend of thought is a rebound on the Qin tyranny after the death of Qin，It is a reflection of a fairly common social psychology in the early Han Dynasty。From the essence of "inaction" politics in the early Han Dynasty，Confucianism and Taoism at that time were consensus，Just what means to adopt different understanding in the society。

　Build a historic theoretical system with Chinese characteristics.Lin Ganquan builds Chinese characteristics、Chinese style、The historical theoretical system of the Chinese style attaches great importance to。First，He highly affirms the scientific nature of the historical view of materialism，Emphasizing the construction of a historic system with Chinese characteristics must adhere to the historical view of materialism。He talked: "As a historian，I am willing to learn more about the historical theory of the Western bourgeoisie，Make up for the lack of knowledge in this area。But also to say，I still believe in the historical view of materialism。Because compared with other historical theories，I think it is still the most correct。"He emphasized many times，Material History View is an open development doctrine，Always develop with the development of the times。Next，He is highly affirmed by the achievements of Marxist historical achievements since the 20th century。He pointed out，In the first half of the 20th century，Modern Evidence History is the mainstream of Chinese history，In the second half of the 20th century，The mainstream of Chinese history is Marxist history。He does not agree that someone has a attitude towards the seventeen years after the founding of New China.，I believe that although there are many shortcomings and mistakes，But in these seventeen years，"The achievements achieved by Chinese history are huge"。As for the Chinese history after the reform and opening up，He summarizes the title of "New Time History of Live"。It is the profound insight into the history of Chinese Marxist history，He believes that the historical view of materialism should be developed，There is also a Chinese -based problem。He pointed out with confidence，We should have conditions today，There is also an obligation，Construction of one under the guidance of Marxism、Starting from the actual situation of Chinese history、There is a historic theoretical system of Chinese Qi School。

　　Reasonable judgment of Chinese and foreign historical trends and hot issues.Lin Ganquan pays great attention to the trend of Chinese and foreign history and hotspots，Some of his understanding、Judging and analysis shows deep historical skills and deep theoretical literacy。For example，He edited "Confucius and 20th Century China"，Materialist dialectical summary and analyzing the two thoughts of anti -holes and honor in the 20th century，The relationship between the new culture movement and traditional culture、The relationship between Confucius thought and 21st century civilization，I have proposed a unique view。He pointed out，Confucius and Confucianism are representative historical heritage of Chinese civilization，We should cherish and inherit。But be sure to hold a rational attitude，Can't blindly praise the essence and dross without difference。Promoting the use of Confucianism to dominate my country's socialist spiritual civilization construction，Even a crisis of Confucian civilization can save the decline of Western civilization，This is a non -historic errorism。After reform and opening up，Many western trendy trends and historic perspectives have poured into China，It has a lot of impact on the Chinese historic community，Lin Ganquan is very concerned about this。He criticized Weitf's "water -controlling society" and "Oriental Autocracy" views，It is believed that this is the far -fetched and random fabrication of Chinese history。Since the reform and opening up，China's economic development has achieved remarkable achievements。There is a historical view of the "Chinese central theory" instead of "European Central theory" in the Western economic history community，Types of Frank's "Silver Capital"。Lin Ganquan pointed out，Western scholars who criticize the "European Central Theory" are worthy of affirmation，But Frank's point of view is difficult to establish。The feudal dynasty in China has played a certain "center" character in East Asia，But before the New Airlines and the Americas of Eurasia，There is no "world economic system", including China。Before the Opium War，China's economic and social development has obviously lag behind Europe。Exaggerate the position of China's feudal economy in the history of world economy，Actually a theoretical trap。The review of traditional Chinese culture is a question that has been continuously valued since the 20th century，Among them, it cannot not be touched the historical status and role of ancient knowledge class。Yu Yingshi's book "Shi and Chinese Culture" had a great impact in China at that time。Lin Ganquan agrees with some insights of the book，But he pointed out at the same time，Because the author has a single clock due to the author's Taoism of Confucianism，Make him know the historical status and role of "Shi" as the knowledge class.，Even far away from historical reality; "Tao Zun Yu" is actually a narcissistic complex of the knowledge class; the knowledge class represented by "taxi"，Its political attitude has shown a diversified tendency from the beginning; the knowledge class of the feudal society in China is as far as its overall social status，It is attached to the feudal ruling class。

About historical hotspot Questions，I also want to talk about Lin Ganquan's view on ancient Chinese civilization and the origin of the country。At the end of the 20th century, the beginning of the 21st century，The issue of ancient Chinese civilization and the origin of the country once again attracted widespread attention。Lin Ganquan responded to this in the article "Several Hot Issues in Ancient History of Chinese History"。He thinks，Discuss the origin of Chinese civilization. First of all, we must figure out the connotation of the concepts of "civilization", "elements of civilization" and "civilization"，and the understanding of the unity and diversity of the elements of civilization。From this he pointed out: "The materialized form of the elements of civilization can be different，But it must reflect the development level of social productivity can already provide sufficient remaining labor，To feed the representatives of a group of public power organs，and show the existence of this kind of public power organs from society，This is indispensable。"Lin Ganquan also uses this as a path，Discussion on the specific road of Chinese civilization and the origin of the country。Today，The issue of civilization and the origin of the country is still hot issues in the archeological and historical circles，Lin Ganquan emphasizes different civilizations、Different concepts of civilized elements and civilized society，and the unique road of ancient Chinese civilization and the origin of the country，It still has important reference meaning for the academic community。

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Lin Ganquan academic prime is theoretically long，But also from history，Good at discovering problems from the historical data，Make a unique explanation，Able to judge the many historical ideas and historians，Uninhabited cloud，Therefore, enjoy a high reputation in the historical world。The achievement of his historical achievements，Bet365 app download It is inseparable from his correct theoretical guidance and scientific academic methods。Summary，There are mainly the following points。

　　Adhere to Marxism as a guidance，Dialectical view of the development path of Chinese Marxist history。Most of the comrades who have been in contact with Lin Ganquan or read his discussion，He is a Marxist sincere faith，This is not only manifested in his consistent historical research practice，It is also manifested in his profound thinking about the relationship between the historical view and historical research。In the article "I still believe in the historical view of materialism"，He pointed out: "In our socialist country，Historical research should be guided by Marxist theory，This should be a problem that was not a problem。But why do some historians now take a cold attitude towards Marxist theory? According to me，Cultural Revolution's distortion and spoil of Marxism，The International Communist Movement has been huge setback，Infiltration and impact of Western bourgeois ideas，There is a certain relationship。For history itself，In the past, our understanding and application of materialist history view，Affected by ‘Zuo’ -I want，I am afraid it is also an important reason。The coldness of the theory of Marxism，It is a punishment for ‘Zuo’ -Left Thinking。"He comprehensively analyzed the specific manifestation of" left "thought on the impact on history，But emphasized at the same time，These disadvantages and deficiencies are not the disadvantages and limitations of the historical view itself，and the result of our historian workers violated the basic requirements of the historical view of materialism。In the works of the founder of the Material History,，I can’t find it to guide people to produce sectarianism、Creationism and formulaism thoughts。He objectively judged the great achievements achieved by Marxist history after the founding of New China，Resolutely oppose that some people have degraded the great achievements of Chinese history under the guidance of the historic view of materialism without careful investigation without serious investigation and research。Based on this understanding，For decades，He insists that combining Marxism theory with the actual situation of Chinese history，Study on historical issues involved，Make an explanation that conforms to the reality of Chinese history as much as possible。

　　Pay attention to the regular grasp of the theory of historical research.On history、Combination of historical theory、Dialectic thinking，is one of the characteristics of Lin Ganquan's historical research。He proposed the three levels of historical research，That is the facts judgment、Knowing judgment and value judgment。Fact judgment is the foundation and starting point of historical research，It is to solve the credibility of historical materials and historical facts，Empirical research is basically a method of using formal logic，Only the skill is divided and there is no class。Marxist historian can not be a scientist，But his research work also needs to occupy as much real historical materials as possible，Can't be completely separated from empirical research。Understanding and judgment is a understanding and discussion of the cause and consequences of many historical phenomena and the regularity of historical laws，Different from the perspective of idealistic history and materialist history will be present。and the research of materialist history closest to the deep content of history。Value judgment is to various historical events and characters、The role of various systems and trends of thought at the time and the judgment of its impact on future generations，At this level，The same is Marxist historian，or the same non -Marxist historian，There may also be different understanding，Personality of Opinions is more。He advocates，Different understanding of historical research at different levels，can be a hundred schools of contention。

　　Pay attention to the ancient use of historical research.Lin Ganquan pointed out: "History is a science of connecting reality and history。Not only the research of modern history is closely related to reality，and the perspective and value judgment of ancient historical research cannot be restricted by reality。Because of this，We don’t think that history can be separated from reality and hid in the ivory tower，And advocating history should serve reality。"" The division and reunification in Chinese history "," The Different and Cultural identity of Yixia "," Historical Heritage and Patriotic Education "," Critical Inheritance and Inheritance of History of History ", etc.，All historical problems with strong realistic views。Many views in the above article，It still has a strong practical guiding meaning today。

　　Look at the academic achievements of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign with an open vision and a hundred schools of contention。When summing up the 20th century Chinese history，Lin Ganquan pointed out: "There is an academic in an era，History should of course continue to have new development with the times of the times。We must not always be complacent with the unique and rich historic heritage of China，You can't always comfort themselves with foreigners studying Chinese history after all.。Chinese history is going to the world，Not only need to absorb nutrients from the latest achievements of foreign history，In terms of research methods and research methods, you need to keep up with the pace of development of contemporary science and technology and philosophy and social sciences。‘There is Rongde is big’。All useful knowledge，We should all welcome and absorb，Makes our country's history eternal youth and vitality。"But he also emphasized:" Fundamentally，We learn from foreign historical theory and methods，Absorb all the excellent academic achievements of foreign countries，The purpose is to build Marxist history with Chinese characteristics。"Lin Ganquan agrees with Mao Zedong's 100 contention guidelines。2016，He said in an interview with "Chinese History Research Dynamics": "History is very complicated，Should start ‘Hundred Family Consecration’。"" The one -sided pursuit of "requires a result of a result" and "all issues have conclusions"，It does not meet hundreds of claims。

Lin Ganquan is a sincere Marxist，He not only implemented thorough dialectical materialism and historical materialism in his research，I also have an error that I have ever had in the study、Deep reflection in errors。In "Lin Ganquan Collection" published in 2004，He has once discussed in the discussion of historicalism and class views，apologize to the criticism of Lao Lao (翦 翦)。In "80 Self -Readlining"，His accusation of his own outline is the disrespect to the old man，Reflect that your thoughts have one -sidedness of "left" pour。I believe，This will not reduce the academic status of Lin Ganquan，Instead, it shows that a Marxist historian seeks truth from facts、Dare to correct your lofty character。He said in his later years: "Guide historical research with Marxist theory，Is my firm belief。But I deeply feel that I want to correctly master this scientific theory，Not an easy task，I need to study hard for my whole life。"This sentence is his own expression of Marxism's sincere faith，It is his own summary of his own academic research，But correctly mastering Marxist science theory "is not an easy thing"，It is worthy of our new era historians。Today，We build the three major systems of history with Chinese characteristics，Lin Ganquan is a scholar we must pay attention to and study。

　(The author is the director of the Institute of Ancient History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、President of the Chinese Qin and Han History Research Association)