Old Nourishment、Lao Yue、Old Anno、Old Anno，It is an important symbol of social progress。Under the background of imbalanced urban and rural development，High -quality implementation of rural elderly care support is a very difficult task，It means scientific research and judgment that needs to be based on the scientific research and characteristics of the aging process and characteristics of my country，System reform and improvement of related institutional arrangements and policy systems。

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee will actively respond to the aging of the population as a national strategy，It shows the confidence and determination of the Party Central Committee to deal with the severe challenges of aging.。How to meet the care needs of the large -scale rural elderly people，It will become an important task for actively responding to the challenges of population aging in a new journey of a socialist modernization country。

　　Bet365 lotto review

my country has the world's largest elderly group，It is also one of the fastest aging countries in the world。Data Show of the National Bureau of Statistics，my country ’s elderly population in 2019 is 250 million people，The proportion of the total population is 18.1%。According to the United Nations prediction，The elderly population in my country in 2050 is expected to reach 485 million people，The proportion of the total population will reach 34.6%。Quick population aging process，It will make my country approach or even surpass the UK around 2050、The level of aging of developed countries such as the United States。In rural areas，The aging proportion is higher。As of the end of 2018，my country's rural elderly population accounts for as high as 20.5%，4.4 percentage points higher than the city's 16.1%。bet365 Play online games and，Since 2011，The gap between rural and cities is widening year by year，expanded from 3.3 percentage points in 2011 to 4.4 percentage points in 2018。With the continuous advancement of urbanization，my country's rural areas will face more severe aging challenges than cities。

First，Rural elderly disabled population is large，Large demand for care、Care burden weight。The burden of care for the elderly depends on the scale of the disabled population in the area。From the perspective of self -care ability of daily activities，Dressing、Bath、Eating、Go to bed、In any daily activity in the toilet，People with difficulties that need to help or cannot complete such activities are usually defined as a disabled population。Research on the results of the author based on China's Health and Pension Tracking (Charls) data shows，The proportion of the proportion of the disabled population in rural areas in my country in 2018 is 10.7%，2.5 percentage points higher than the city。If there is any difficulty, you will need help or you cannot complete the housework、cooking、Shopping、Five instrumental daily activities of controlling money and taking medicine are considered as considering，The proportion of disabled population in rural areas in my country will rise to 26.5%，9.3 percentage points higher than the city (17.2%)，Gap in urban and rural areas。More importantly，In the above -mentioned rural elderly disabled groups，The proportion of care needs cannot be met at 19%，seriously affecting their quality of life。

2，Traditional rural family care ability gradually weakened。For a long time，Children are an important subject for taking care of the elderly in rural areas，Family is the main service party for the care of the elderly in the countryside。But in the background of population transformation，my country's rural families are facing a trend of gradually decreasing the number of children。The author’s research indicates，2018，The average Bet365 app download number of children 75 years old and above in my country is 4.3，But the average number of children in the rural population 50-54 is reduced to 2.1。The reduction of the number of children in the number of Chinese rural elderly care system, which is mainly based on family pensions, will become more obvious。With a large -scale population flow，The living distance between children and parents is getting farther and farther。2018，Among the elderly over 60 years old in my country，12%of the elderly live alone，39%live alone with the spouse，Only 47%of the elderly and their children's families live together。Among the elderly who do not live with their children's families，14%of the children of rural elderly people live in outer counties and cities，increased by about 4 percentage points from 2011 (10%)。Facing unsustainable problems with the mode of providing family pensions with common residence。

Third，The economic support ability of the elderly in rural areas restricts the payment needs of social care services。Weakening of family care functions urgently needs to develop social care services to meet increasingly growing care needs，But the economic support ability of the elderly population in the countryside seriously restricts its ability to pay for social care services。In recent years，Although the government has vigorously promoted the pension insurance project of new rural residents nationwide，The coverage rate of rural endowment insurance exceeds 90%，but，The level of guarantee of pension insurance in rural residents is still low。The author's research shows，The median of New Rural Insurance in 2018 is 720 yuan/year，About 1/5 of the amount of pensions for enterprise employees in the same period。Once the needs of care，Low -low rural social pension insurance benefits far from meeting the social payment needs of the elderly to take care of the elderly。For a long time，The transfer payment of children is an important source of Bet365 app download economic support for the elderly in the countryside，But calculated discovery，Nearly half of the rural empty nest elderly people have not received any economic support from their children。Lower economic support ability not only limits the possibility of buying socialized pension services in rural areas，and when the child is unable to provide care service when you go out,，May face the situation of unmanned care。

Fourth，Insufficient pension institutions in rural marketization，Community pension care support limited。Even if the elderly have enough financial ability to pay social care services，but also facing the serious shortage of rural market -oriented pension institutions、The dilemma of the relatively low service level of rural pension institutions。This leads to coexistence of rural pension beds and the phenomenon of vacant phenomena of beds in the nest，Pension -care supply and demand structure is seriously imbalance。For a long time，Rural Penalty Home is the only pension institution in most rural areas，and is mainly used to provide care services for the five guarantees and poor elderly people in rural areas，The institutional scale and low service level。Even some private homeowners who provide care for the elderly in the community as a supplement，But most of them are mainly providing accommodation，It is difficult to meet the treatment and spiritual needs of the elderly。Different from the residence of the elderly in the countryside，The care service support provided by community pension facilities such as Xingfuyuan, such as Xingfuyuan, in recent years is also relatively limited。

　　Innovative elderly care service supply mode

Actively cope with the severe challenge of deepening China's aging，Solving the large -scale and increasingly growing rural elderly care needs，Need to innovate the supply mode of elderly care service。On the one hand，To be based on the perspective of the full life cycle，Preventive solving elderly problems，Early layout，Slow the Bet365 app download burden and pressure of future elderly care。On the other hand，To solve the problem of elderly care for the elderly in rural areas based on the perspective of urban and rural coordination，Improve "home -based、Community relying on、The agency is supplemented、Combination of Medical Nursing "elderly care service supply mode。

First，Improve the quality of basic public health services in rural areas，Strengthen health education，Improve the health literacy of the whole society。The health problem of the senile period is the continuous accumulation of health problems at all stages of the life cycle。It is recommended to combine the actual rural areas，Carry out health education as soon as possible，Start from early life，System intervention of health factors，Improve and perfect the rural public health service system，Carry out the health promotion of the whole life cycle and the prevention of chronic diseases。Improvement of the health status of rural children and adolescents，It will reduce the burden on China's future elderly care from the source。

2，In the implementation of rural revitalization strategy operations，Perform aging transformation of infrastructure。With the deepening of rural aging，Under the premise of changing the population base in the short term，Take effective measures to reduce the level of disorder，will be actively dealing with the challenge of aging、Important starting point of reducing the burden of care。and the introduction of aging infrastructure is an important way。Take the rural revitalization as an opportunity，Further consolidate the results of the "Three -year Action Plan for Rural Habitat Environment"，Promote the barrier -free design and barrier -free transformation of rural houses，Improve the safety and convenience of the life of the elderly in the countryside，Building an elderly friendly village residence。

Third，Break the system barriers，Give full play to the basic role of the family in old age。Although family pension faces many challenges，But in the bet365 Play online games future for a long time，Family will still be an important subject for care of the elderly。Therefore，Need to provide policy support and advocacy for family elderly care，Reduce the institutional obstacles of rural labor force in cities flowing into the city，Further promote the transfer of pension insurance and medical insurance in a larger area to a larger area.，To facilitate rural elderly people and their children to live together in cities flowing into the city。

Fourth，Moderate expansion of minimum living security coverage，Weaving rural basic pension service guarantee network。Give full play to the role of fiscal pocket，Create a sustainable income guarantee mechanism for eligible rural low -income elderly groups，It is an inevitable requirement for consolidating the results of poverty alleviation。The minimum living security system in rural areas should be classified，Considering the elderly group of elderly groups with no ability to support people and has difficulty in actual life，Especially the heavy disabled persons of low -income families in rural areas、Patients with serious illness and elderly patients。Considering the payment needs of rural social care services，Properly improving pension payment and medical reimbursement level in rural areas is equally important。

Fifth，Integrated rural pension facilities and medical resources，Meet the multi -level pension needs of the elderly。On the one hand，Small -scale respect for the elderly dispersed from various towns and towns，Integrate medical resources of the township health center，Construction of regional medical and nursing service centers。While improving the level of pension service levels，Enhance the service ability of rural home care，On the basis of meeting the needs of the pension at the bottom of the fiscal pocket，Open the wealthy bed in the society，Improve the sustainable business capabilities of public pension institutions。On the other hand，Promote and support social forces bet365 Play online games to establish pension institutions，Comprehensive improvement of service quality of the elderly institution，Letting market reform benefits rural elderly groups with willingness to buy and pay ability，Meet the multi -level pension needs of the elderly。

　(This article is the National Natural Science Foundation of China on the project "Care in the Elderly Population in China、Care Service System and Policy Support "(71873010) phased results)

(Author Unit: Peking University China Social Science Survey Center; National Development Research Institute of Peking University)