bet365 free bets not only plays a role that cannot be ignored in a culturally powerful country,And it is more closely related to social development。bet365 free bets not only has cultural exchange value,And more importantly, it has social value。Therefore,In bet365 free bets research, it is necessary to comprehensively examine the social value of translated works、Cultural value、Language value、Creating value and historical value。
Several bet365 free bets climaxes in the history of our country,Mostly Chinese translators or foreign translators translate foreign things in China,The purpose of bet365 free bets is mainly to meet the social needs of the time。For example,Xuan Zang’s bet365 free bets of Buddhist scriptures to meet the needs of spiritual belief,Lin Shu and Yan Fu’s bet365 free bets to introduce enlightenment thought and improve Chinese society, culture, history and philosophy,Xu Guangqi is a scientific and technological translator who spreads advanced foreign science and technology,And the large-scale and comprehensive bet365 free bets carried out in order to realize the "four modernizations" after the reform and opening up,They all put the pursuit and realization of the social value of bet365 free bets first。
While translating the world in China,The world is also translating China。In the process of spreading middle schools to the west,Missionaries also compiled a large number of classics and histories of our country、Literary works and scientific works translated in the past。These translations not only promote the West’s understanding of the East and the cultural exchanges between the East and the West,And because missionaries paid special attention to selecting original works whose translations could meet their needs,Thus better realizing the social value of bet365 free bets。
Taking the Western Transmission of Chinese bet365 free bets Science and Technology Classics as an Example。Because when the middle school was transferred to the west,Promoted by the Industrial Revolution,Western countries are beginning to catch up with or even surpass China in many aspects of science and technology。Therefore,Compared with the translation of ancient Chinese science and technology classics,The West pays more attention to the translation of Chinese humanities and social science classics。But the translation of Chinese bet365 free bets classics is an exception。
Of course there are reasons for exceptions。China is a traditional farming country,Agriculture and agriculture-based thinking are national policies and traditions since ancient times。For thousands of years, all dynasties have attached great importance to agriculture,And formulated a series of policies to encourage and develop mulberry farming,Thus creating a splendid farming civilization,Produced countless bet365 free bets science and technology classics。
Since Shennong discovered grains,Our country continues to produce bet365 free bets scientific and technological achievements。Although most of them have been lost,But there are still dozens of them that have been preserved and circulated to this day。Oracle、There are sporadic records of bet365 free bets technology in ancient documents such as bronze inscriptions。Warring States Period,Almost all the works of various schools of thought have discussions on agriculture,There is even a "farmer" school of thought that studies how to persuade farmers to have enough food and clothing。Famous works of the Han Dynasty include Fan Sheng’s Book of Pan Sheng and the Monthly Order of the Four People。"Essentials of Qi Min" written by Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty is the earliest and most complete bet365 free bets book extant in my country。"Zhaorenbenye" written by Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty is the first official bet365 free bets book in my country,Lu Yu’s "The Classic of Tea" is the earliest monograph on tea science in my country and even the world。In the Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty compiled official bet365 free bets books such as "The Record of Timing" and "The Classic of Filial Piety of the Great Farmer",Among them, "Chen Chang's bet365 free bets Book" is the earliest existing regional bet365 free bets book reflecting bet365 free bets production in Jiangnan,The Silkworm Classic is an bet365 free bets book specializing in the study of sericulture。In the Southern Song Dynasty, there was also a "Farming and Weaving Picture" depicting the bet365 free bets production process。In the Yuan Dynasty, the Department of Agriculture was established to compile "Nongsang Jiyao" and "Wang Zhen Nongshu",Lu Mingshan of the Uyghur nationality wrote "Summary of Food and Clothing for Farmers"。The "bet365 free bets Policy Complete Book" written by Xu Guangqi of the Ming Dynasty runs through the author's "bet365 free bets policy" thoughts on governing the country and the people,The "Nai Li", "Qui Jing", "Nai Fu" and "Zhang Shi" in Song Yingxing's "Tiangong Kaiwu" are all writings about the invention of bet365 free bets science and technology。In the Qing Dynasty, Bocai collected bet365 free bets books from past dynasties and compiled them into "Tongkao on Timing"。
As the saying goes, people go to higher places,Water flows downward,bet365 free bets science and technology are also spread from advanced countries to countries in need through translation。my country’s agriculture spans 5,000 years,bet365 free bets civilization has long been a leader in the world,There are countless bet365 free bets classics as the heritage of farming civilization。Not only benefiting the descendants of Yan and Huang,And benefit people all over the world。Just like the "four great inventions" of ancient Chinese science and technology,There were also “four great inventions” in ancient Chinese agriculture: rice cultivation、Soybean cultivation、Raising silkworms and reeling、Tea tree cultivation。Even during the Western Industrial Revolution in the 18th and 19th centuries,Many aspects of China’s bet365 free bets science and technology are still advanced and practical in the world,Be able to provide Europeans with the technical information they need and meet their practical needs。
For example,Planting rice and raising silkworms in "Tiangong Kaiwu"、Plowing and irrigation tools、Jacquard machine、Multiple raw materials for paper making, etc.,It still has a role in promoting the improvement of technology and productivity in many European countries。Looking back at Europe at this time,bet365 free bets production technology and tools are still very backward: manual sowing is still used for sowing, and the plow design for cultivating the land is simple and primitive、The operation is very laborious。China was already using seeders at that time,The plow used is more efficient、Easier effort。Therefore,The West attaches great importance to the translation and introduction of bet365 free bets production tools in ancient Chinese bet365 free bets science and technology classics,And use it as a guide to improving indigenous bet365 free bets production tools。
Another example,my country is the first country in the world to invent sericulture and silk reeling,Developed sericulture technology,The silk industry has become an indispensable and important part of the social economy in ancient China,Silk production and trade have become a major source of revenue for the government。Although European sericulture technology had developed to a certain extent at that time,However, due to lack of experience in preventing and treating diseases, raw silk production was greatly reduced。In order to solve the urgent technical problems in sericulture production that France faced at that time,Jesuit Douchard of Paris、Yin Hongxu purposefully excerpted and translated the mulberry planting and sericulture technology in "The Encyclopedia of bet365 free bets Policy: Sericulture"。1837,Rulian was ordered by the Minister of Industry and Agriculture and Mulberry of the French government to translate the sericulture part of "Tiangong Kaiwu·Naifu" and "Time Service·Sericulture" into French,titled "Summary of Several Major Chinese Works on Mulberry Planting and Sericulture"。Later,De Liwen, professor of Sinology at the French Institute of Guangdong, also translated the sericulture part of "The General Examination of Time"。1850,The French Ed translated "Farming and Weaving Pictures" into French,Named "Ode to Farming and Textile - Focusing on Farming and Mulberry for Food and Clothing",Published in Paris。It can be seen from this,At that time, Western countries represented by France put the realization of social value in the first place when translating Chinese bet365 free bets science and technology classics,It is to solve the problems that arise in bet365 free bets production and sericulture。
Overall view,The Western bet365 free bets of Chinese classics in the era of high school transmission to the West has three very obvious characteristics。Who needs bet365 free bets。Missionaries often take the initiative to translate on their own,Not translated by China,Not even funded by the Chinese government。The second is to translate whatever is needed。The choice of the original work is highly utilitarian,The translated content is presented in a four-character format,Concise and clear,Able to maximize the impact on the target language society。Third, the content and method of bet365 free bets are very flexible。It doesn’t have to be translated in full,But translate whatever is needed,Translate whatever part is needed。And it is not limited to a specific classic,You can also gather and translate content on the same topic scattered in different classics。
In the new era of vigorously promoting the "going out" of bet365 free bets culture,Countless bet365 free bets classics are being translated into the world at an unprecedented speed and scale,Bringing my country’s extensive and profound excellent traditional culture to people all over the world,Made significant contributions to the spread of bet365 free bets culture。
Compared with the past translations of middle school and Western classics,The bet365 free bets of Western classics in middle schools in the new era also has three very significant characteristics: First, the translators rarely have target language speakers,But we Chinese translate our mother tongue classics into foreign languages,Therefore, the issues of idiomaticity and readability of the bet365 free bets are difficult to solve。The second is the lack of investigation of the social needs of the target language in bet365 free bets selection,This may lead to a disconnect between supply and demand。The third is the full bet365 free bets that is often limited to the case version,Lack of selection of original content according to market needs and integration of content on the same theme。
Based on the above analysis,Research on classics translation in the new era should not only focus on classics translation and communication strategies and methods,The social value of translations should also be studied。Different from the eternal spiritual value of humanities classics,Many contents in bet365 free bets science and technology classics are technically behind the times now,Almost useless,But this does not mean that translation will have no social value。Take the earliest and most complete "Qi Min Yao Shu" existing in my country as an example,Even in highly modernized Japan,Still highly valued (or cherished) to this day。Japan established the "Research Association on "Essential Art for Elevating the People"",The knowledge of the author Jia Sixie is called "Jia Xue",And it has always been a prominent school in Japan。"Jia Xue" mainly studies how to draw the wisdom of the past into the present from "Essential Art of Qi Min",Discover ideas and technologies that are still valuable today,And innovate based on the latest technology based on discovery。These study economic activities in Japan,Especially in the bet365 free bets and food processing industries,Continuously create social value。
Therefore,Research on the translation of bet365 free bets science and technology classics today,It is very necessary to carry out activities based on the social needs of the target language country,And deliver the research results to the translator in a timely manner,Let translators select and integrate bet365 free bets science and technology classics according to the social needs of the target language country,For accurate translation。Only this way,The ancient Chinese bet365 free bets science and technology classics will be revitalized in the new era today,Only then is there the necessity and value of translation and research。
(This article is a phased result of the project "Research on English Translation and Communication of Chinese bet365 free bets Classics" (SC19B112) planned by the Sichuan Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Planning Office)
(Author’s unit: bet365 free bets of Foreign Languages, Sichuan Normal University)
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