"Nanling Corridor" and the Tibetan Yi Corridor、Northwest Corridor is also known as the three major ethnic corridors，It is an important content of the "Diversity of the Chinese Nation"。Nangling Corridor span Xiang、Gui、Yue、Four Provincial Gan Provincial，It is the main way to communicate and interact from the north and south，Many ethnic groups are coexisting and prosperous here，It has formed a unique phenomenon of cultural integration。The core area of ​​the South Hunan and Northern Gui and Northern Guizhou，is one of the most concentrated areas of the Yao people，Xiaohe Ancient Road pass through Yongzhou、Daoxian、Jiang Hua、Connect Xiaoshui Xiaoshui with Hezhou，From ancient times to the road,。In this area，The ethnic minorities and the Han nationality dominated by the Yao nationality、Frequent interaction between the Chinese indigenous people and the new immigrants，The language also changed due to contact。

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There are very few ethnic groups in the world，A certain ethnic group will be more or less associated with other ethnic groups in the process of survival and development、Interactive。The interaction of the ethnic group can be an interaction between different ethnic groups，It can also be the contact of different groups of the same nation。At the junction of Xianggui，The ethnic interaction is generally divided into two levels: First, the interaction between the ethnic minorities (mainly Yao) and the Han nationality，Second, the interaction between the local Han indigenous people and foreign immigrants。

The junction area of ​​Xianggui is mainly the residence of the Yao nationality。The source of the Yao nationality、Migration bet365 best casino games process is more complicated，Generally speaking in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancestors of the Yao people have arrived around Dongting Lake，Known as Jing Man，It is an important branch of Nanda。In the struggle with the Chu Kingdom, the Yao nationality defeated，Move south again，Become the Qianzhong Manban of the Qin and Han dynasties、瓠 瓠、Wuling Man、Zero Lingbara。until the end of the Tang Dynasty，Yao people become an independent nation，Mainly distributed in Jingzhou、Langzhou (now Changde)、Langzhou (now Changde)、澧 (澧 澧) and Yongzhou、Daozhou、Hezhou、Fuzhou、Zhaozhou and other places in the vast area。Song and Yuan Dynasties，Yao people move further south，Tanzhou in central Hunan、Langzhou、There is no large -scale settlement area in Lizhou and other places，The place of residence of the Yao nationality gradually reduced to the region of southern Hunan and southwestern Hunan。The distribution of the Yao people in the Ming and Qing dynasties in the junction of the Xianggui and Guizhou has not changed much compared with the Song and Yuan Dynasties。The communication between the Yao and Han nationality can follow in historical books。"Sui Shu · Geography" describes the situation of "Man" and the Han people who live with the Han people: "，It is not different from Zhuxia;，If the words are not unreasonable，Hobbies are all different。"The Pianxian Zhi Zhi" written by the Tongzhi Nian Qing also said, "High Mountain Yao Hang Head，Words Bulba "，and Pingdi Yao "Diet、Together with Hanmin。Its species of 佃 力，Life is all right。Only Yao Yao said with Yao people，Chinese words with Han people "。It can be seen that the Yaohan ethnic group has a long interactive time、Deep contact。

Except the Yao nationality，At the junction of Xianggui, bet365 best casino games there is also the Han population that talks about "Tuhua"。According to scholar research，Tuhua has basically formed in the Song Dynasty，That is to say，The crowd of the Turkish talk was basically stable before the Song Dynasty。Since then，The northern Han people, mainly soldiers and refugees, continue to move south，New immigrants who speak officials and the early residents of Tu Dian form another level of ethnic interaction。Some places in the Qing Dynasty have some records of the language usage of these two groups，Ru Guangxu's "Xingning County Chronicle" records "Multi -Chinese，There is also a hometown talk "，Daoguang "Yongzhou Mansion" contains "all official words，Understand Yi Xiao，Different in the meter，Then the Quartet Miscellaneous Traces，Words are different; sounds are also different，There are many categories "。

　Multi -dimensional exposure to language contact at the border area of ​​Xianggui

When fucking different languages、Different dialects of speech group communication and interaction，Language will naturally have contact and influence。The change caused by this is in the voice、Vocabulary and grammatical structures are reflected，But which element changes，related to the closeness of contact。Specifically，Words are the easiest to change，With the deepening of contact，voice and grammar structure will also change accordingly。

The borrowing of words is the most common phenomenon in language contact。At the junction of Xianggui，Chinese dialect and Yao language in the process of contact，The situation of Yao language borrowed in Chinese，There is also a phenomenon of Yao language borrowing Chinese words。Take the Jiang Yongyao nationality as an example，Chinese borrowing has accounted for more than 50%of its vocabulary; in 100 core vocabulary of Swadis，"Mouth、Eyes、Bet365 app download Bite、See、Know、All、No "and other about 20 are the same as Chinese; some relatives call，such as "Grand Sun、sister、Grandpa "and so on are the same as Chinese。It can be seen that the number of Chinese vocabulary borrowed by the Yao nationality is large、Layers depth。

With the deepening of contact，Two languages ​​can occur in language switching，Voice、Sentence method and morphological ingredients will also borrow with each other。Affected by Chinese，Simplified voice structure of the Yao people in the southern Hunan area、Sinicization，In other languages ​​in Maoyouzhi，There are two sets of scholarship for two sets of tinners with stuffed sounds and nasal sounds，Simplified into 2 in Mian language in Xiangnan; in addition，The difference between long and short vowels does not exist in the southern Hunan language。The influence of the language is mutual，Chinese affects Yao Yu，Instead, it is also affected by Yao language。Shen Zhongwei thinks，Xiang language vowel system is affected by the language of ethnic minorities in the south，Voice tongue becomes with Miao language、The four -degree distinction of the Yao nationality is the same，Different from the three -degree distinction between the official words。The vowel system performance of Yongzhou dialect is consistent with，Obviously also affected by the phonetic phonetic。In addition，The mother -in -law of the nasal rhyme of the nasal nasal rhyme of the native of the south of the Xiangnan is read as N，It also belongs to the remnants of Gu Baiyue's first throat sound。

The grammar structure is the most stable in the language system，But the phenomenon of Chinese dialects in the border of Xianggui and Yao people influenced and borrowed from the Yao people.。The basic sequence type of Mian Yu is SVO，The principle of implicit commonality based on the type of sequence bet365 live casino games type，The structure of its noun phrases is "central language is first、The attributive is later "、Verb said "The verb is first、The adverbial is behind "、adjective phrases are "adjectives in front、A degree of adverbs in the back "。Many dialects in South Hunan are affected by this structure of the structure，Some grammatical structures have also changed，As in Mandarin "cock、You go first、Very cold ", etc. In Lingling dialect," Chicken、You go first、Cold very "。Similarly，This structure of Mian Yu is also affected by Chinese，Some phrases have become the same as Chinese。According to Sun Yelin Research，Hengyang Tashan's inherent noun phrase preface is "central language+attributive"，But the new word is like "Yang cloth、sticky rice "uses Chinese -style Chinese -style structure;" very slow in Chinese、Very Fat "in Jianghua、Daping Jiang Mian said as "slow and very、Fat is very "，But in Hengyang Tashan Mian language has become consistent with the preface of Chinese language。

　　The results of language contact in the border area of ​​Xianggui

The intensity of language contact and the attitude of language users have an important impact on the result of contact。Yaomin and Han people are in the junction of Xianggui and Gui,、Small live living pattern，Two different languages ​​are in the same geographical area，Great contact strength。Another，From the perspective of language attitude，The Yao people's attitude towards Chinese is more open and tolerant。

Bilingual phenomenon is an important phased performance in the process of language contact。Xianggui junction zone，Yao people live together with Han people，Can speak a few languages ​​or dialect bilinguals、Multi -language and multi -speakers are very common。Jiang Yong's Yao people speak between or familiar with people inside or familiar，Use bet365 Play online games Jiang Yongguan in public in public，They are very skilled in their words and official words，is a typical bilingual person。Multi -language and multi -dialect situation in Hezhou, Guangxi, which is adjacent to it，Elderly people over 60 years old basically will be Yao Yu or Zhuang language，There will be a Chinese dialect; the younger one except your mother tongue and one or more Chinese dialects，You can also use official words and Mandarin，You can switch freely during the communication process。

Many Yao villages in southern Hunan，Language fusion has occurred。The Yao people in these villages abandon Yao language for Chinese dialects，But it will retain the grammatical structure and basic vocabulary of their language; and Yao language gradually disappears in these villages because they are unattended。But the dying minority language will also leave some traces in Chinese dialects。As the dialect of the northern area of ​​Gui, Xiangnan, the market is called the market as "Market (Holy)"、Call the frog animals "ad monsters "，Linwucheng Pass to say that the mother is "Ya"、Grandma is "Po Ya"，All from Zhuangyu、Miao Yaoyu。

Language contact is an important content of ethnic interaction，Language identity is an important symbol of ethnic identity。Xianggui, which is more complicated in the ethnic interaction，Language contact presents a colorful situation，Language identity also presents multiple levels。People who speak Yao language agree with Chinese，People who speak native words agree with the official words，But all experienced exclusion、Adjustment、Adaptation、Acceptance and other psychological processes，Finally tolerate each other。At the junction of Xianggui，presents the harmonious co -owned by ethnic groups、Multi -language multi -dialect Harmonious bet365 best casino games coexistence situation。

(This article is the Hunan Social Science Foundation Project "Xiangnan dialect grammar comparative research in language contact vision" (17yba186) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Hunan University of Science and Technology)