Greek rational culture is one of the important source of Western civilization，The "Logos" that originated from Greek mythology is an important symbol and centralized manifestation of Greek rational culture。It starts from the rational order of the natural world，Method of "language and logic of rational thinking"，The foundation of the metaphysics of western science and culture has been paved。This article intends to analyze the relationship between logic and Logos from a historical perspective。

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"Logos" was first seen in "Homer Epic"，Its original meaning is "what is said"，Later, I gathered again、Language、Description、ratio、scale, etc.。The "gathering" in which is the basic semantics of Logos，originated from the root "Leg"，Originally referring to many complexes and derivatives to gather or re -aggregate。Logic of this layer of meaning has dynamic significance，It indicates that Logos is not a static existence，but the power of the structure。The second layer of meaning- "discourse" is derived from the verb "I speak" -is one of the most widely used meanings in its many meanings。As for the third meaning- "scale" -then has the meaning of "guidelines" and "laws"。The combination of the three meanings implies a collection of collection、Special concepts and ideas start，Then follow certain rules，Edited them in an orderly way，Therefore, these concepts and ideas are more practical、Effective related fields。Obviously，This field is related to the use of rationality。

Logos's rich meaning in ancient philosophical literature only depends on the analysis of the source of the source.，To explore the secret Logos，Must go deep into Lags' philosophy and culture。6th century BC，Helk Litt introduced Logos to Western philosophy for the first time。Herhaklit's Logo bet365 Play online games represents the scale and guidelines of all things in the world，It is the rational principle of dominating the universe; all things that are constantly moving and changing are all related to each other because of universal Logos。other，Logos can be obvious as the rational force of human beings as an objective existence: the universe has a comprehensive regulatory force，At the same time, it is dominated by this comprehensive regulation of intelligence，People with Logos can know the order of the universe。This is the case，Logos has obtained the two important meanings of human rational forces and rational specifications。This rational force is manifested as a tool for Logos as thinking，Is the ideological process of expression、The ideological content of expression，or the conclusion of the ideological content。At the same time，As a scale and specification，Logos is the logical program behind the argument，It is trying to convince the audience to use logic demonstration and support evidence。Whether it is a tool for human intelligence to realize the understanding of the world，Still the standardization reflected in the use of tools，Logos has initially included the meaning of later logical functions。

　From wisdom Logic to the question Logic and Knowledge Logos

The wise man puts the context of "Logos" to its derivative words- "logic" and "logic" in the modern usage direction，is the second stage of the evolution of the concept of Logos。Start with the wise man，The content of the ontology gradually fades out of the semantics of Logoshi，replaced by，They use "Logos"。This，"Correct reasoning" tends to be applied to the correct argument or theory、rational structure，It is also applied to the rational structure or principle involved in argumentation or theory。The wise man Isso Clarb describes his education as discourse and speech，According to his statement，Philosophy teaches various forms of Logos，Therefore, students' thinking is more agile。When he praises Bet365 lotto review the language that can make people more noble than animals，What he praised is actually Lags' skills。

The method of using "Logos" is a major question involving how to evaluate the wise.。According to the view of contemporary Western classical scholars，Once people accept the theoretical construction of the wise man, it is the point of view of Logica instead of rhetoric，The teaching of the wise man will present a completely different picture。The wise person represents an intellectual movement，Following abstract thinking is more than paying attention to poetic mind。The skill used by the wise man when challenging poetry words is argument，instead of just narrative，It brings a new type of humanist logic。

The "Double Logic" remnants of the Wise Prinomegras are early attempts to discuss the concepts of words and Logos，He regards the contradictory Logos as the original version of the logical form of "P" and "non -P"。The following two demonstrations can support this assumption: the first demonstration originated from the inspection of the "person is the scale" remnants，Related interpretation conclusions show that he is very familiar with the concept of negation，Therefore, the solution of the "dual logic" remnants appears to be reasonable。The second demonstration is based on the meaning of the term "Logos"。In the multiple meanings of this word，What is repeated is the two related concepts of language and rationality。So，In the Usage of Provengrass，The opposite of Heraklit began to discuss in non -constituent methods，The contradiction and complement of the logical sense replaced the opposition between the original natural force。

Different from the wise man，Socrates insist on the questioning method as a constructive force，The purpose is Zhaoming Truth。Therefore，Questioning method is Socrate's Logos。In the questioning method，The two parties of the dialogue ask each other questions and answers，Itself is a kind of practice of Logoshi。It is worth Bet365 app download noting that，Socrates Logic is constructive rather than criticism，The reason is that it is a field of question and answer，Do not take the defeat for the purpose，For the purpose of clarification，Try to achieve mutual understanding and promote the solution of the problem through the question and answer。Socrate's logic has clear logic meaning，Due to the principle of the same nature in the dialogue，Everything to be expressed，Should all show argument，This is the rule that the questioning method must follow，It is also the true meaning of Logis。

Plato did not go along this road，Because Socrates' question logic stays at the problem level，The answer to the question is just for further doubt。From Plato's view，If not for getting an answer，So what's the use of questioning? Plato puts his focus on looking for answers。He believes that there is a rational order that is similar to the concept of Logos under the appearance of the confusion of all things in the universe、A inevitable rules and essential concepts。The concept of "ideas" in Plato thought can be regarded as a variant of the concept of Logos，In some later Greek philosophical trends，Even directly regarded Logos as the unity of the ideas that Plato said。From this，The role of Plato philosophy has changed from inquiry to answer，His method has also changed from Socrates' questioning method to dialectics，The target is transformed from Socrates's search for abstract moral concepts to the inner logic that is closely connected by analysis and dialogue，Get the definition of things，Knowledge that finally obtains the concept，That is Logos。

　　The corrected Logos and Logic Logic

The development of Lagos reached an inflection point in the Aristotle era。One aspect，As a rational Logos once brought great vitality to Greek society; on the other hand,，Due to the vagueness of Logoshi，Also because of the suspects including the wise, the new thinking method does not use it without limited use，Tools that make Logoshi gradually lose certainty bet365 best casino games and become a tool for irrational philosophical trends，and show potential disruptability。It is likely to turn to its negative period in Logis，Aristotle's correction on Lags has become the key to the entire problem。

The correction strategy proposed by Aristotle is to divide the scientific field and interpersonal relationships into two，and in these two fields, a method of "rational out of control" brought about by blocking this "boundless" thinking mode。Due to the field of the wise activity, it is mainly limited to the latter，Therefore、Lack of rules，Aristotle made it systematic and organized，and start exploring a method，It can say that it will not say that it is contradictory when demonstrating any point，Use it to demonstrate、Defending any words will take care of it。

While criticizing the rhetoric of the wise man, it is criticized at the same time，Aristotle also enriches the technical aspect of Logis meaning。From the perspective of Aristotle，First，Logins means the definition of language that lacks obvious meaning in the context; second，Logins means a propositional sense (for example，The last proposition of the three paragraphs) conclusions; again，Logins means to prove itself; finally，the same as Plato，Logins means rational discourse and rationality。Here，The key to the turning of logic to logic is that the significance of Logis is understood as propositions。In modern logic，The proposition is the judgment of the inference ingredient，Judgment is a form of thinking that is determined by the object。Any judgment has two obvious characteristics -determination for things，Then there are true and falseness。That is to say，Determine on the connection of the syntax as the word and word item，Semantically manifested as "connection" or "rejection" of objects and objects，The identification of its authenticity depends on。Sentences generated in this way are word logic，The sentence logic of the sentence (proposition) and sentences based on bet365 live casino games the word connection forms the proposition logic。

The Studor School in the Greek period is the advocate and carriedsean of Lagos。The Studor School divides the logic into two disciplines: rhetoric and dialectics。The former is about "Art of the Correct speech in the series of words"，The latter is about "Science of the Correct Discussion on the Questions and Answers"。Therefore，Studor scholars regard Logins as a common name for dialectical and rhetoric。In Stood Ideological System，Logo Scholars has been maximized: 1. Logos is the rationality and rules of the universe，It is flooded between heaven and earth，Persistently invisible; 2. Logos is all the principles of rationality in the universe，It is consistent with God itself，It is the source of all activities。It is material，But it can explain other substances。In this regard，Studor returned to the usage of Hillary Lite again。3. Expand the inner Logos and the outer Logos，The former is rational and essence，The latter is a language that conveys rationality and essence -logic。The word "logic" that they use as Logos represents the rationality in the universe，and this rationality is also in people's hearts。The evolution of the meaning of logic in this period is the closest to the logic in the current sense。Therefore, it can be said，It was not until the Stooge School that it began to use Logue to indicate as a logic of a discipline。

above, we examined the main meaning of the concept of "Logos" related to logic，and related philosophy、Rhetoric Background。No matter what kind of uncertainty does the concept of Logoskosa in Logins regardless of the former Aristotle thinker，No matter after the long development of the 25th century，Basic concept of logic、Principles and systems，and how much changes in the internal factors restricting logical development，History of Western logical thought，Especially in understanding the generation and development of ancient logic，Herraklit's Logic is always a base point，Bet365 app download A initial preset and most basic principle，and the wise person、Socrates、Plato、Aristotle until the foundation of the Stador School，Make the logic ultimately extended from Logos。

　(This article is the Study of the National Social Science Foundation's major project "Research on the Research on Major Earlier Counterities in Contemporary Logic Philosophy" (17zda024) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Political and Public Management of Suzhou University)