The historical formation and evolution of the South China Sea has a very deep cultural heritage。How to view Nanhaizi Culture，We can go along with history、Geographical Environment、Ecological changes、Analysis of architectural regulation and other angles，First of all, you need to give Nanhaizi a basic historical positioning。What is the importance of positioning Nanhai Zi culture，or what kind of historical status does Nanhaizi as Royal Garden，We need to talk about from the Qing Dynasty's special governance model。

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The Qing Dynasty is very different from the former dynasty，It lies in the use of dual political governance mode。It has two forms，First is the court rational government，Political management in the Royal Political Center like the Forbidden City; the second is the garden governance，This is a very important feature of the Qing Dynasty，There was no garden rational government in the past。

The Forbidden City is the cultural and political center of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The special emperor secretary team of the Qing Dynasty was located in the Forbidden City，Its role is much higher than the cabinet，was the most important political and military center in the Forbidden City at that time，It can also be said to be the continuation of the typical court rational mode。But，The most important feature of the Qing Dynasty is not the court of court，Because the emperor of the Ming Dynasty also worked in the Forbidden City。One of the most important rule of the Qing Dynasty is the garden rational government。There are several representative places for garden rational government，First of all, it should be South China Sea，Later, there were famous royal gardens such as Sanshan and Five Garden and Summer Summer Villa。Mr. Dai Yi proposed，Shunzhi Dynasty after the Qing Dynasty entered the customs，There is no Sanshan Wuyuan and Summer Summer Villa，Where bet365 best casino games does he work in government、What about summer leisure? At that time, only in the South China Sea。Sanshan Five Garden、Summer resorting villa is slowly extended from south to north after the completion of the South China Sea，Gradually established in a ring one by one。South China Sea、Sanshan Wuyuan and Summer Hill Hills form the basic pattern and framework of the garden rational government in the Qing Dynasty，But South China Sea is the starting point of garden rationality。

So，What are the reasons for garden rational government models? An important reason is that Manchu enters Central Plains，It is very different from the regime dominated by the Han people since the Bet365 app download Song and Ming dynasties。The characteristics of dynasty governance since the Song and Ming dynasties are basically based on the identification of Yixia，The Han people strictly distinguish their identities with the aliens，This is also reflected in the aspects of territory control and racial conflict。The area that can be governed in the Ming Dynasty，Only limited to the eighteen line provinces in the east，The control of the Northeast in the Ming Dynasty is also often in a state of loose and restraint。Let's see the layout of the Qing Dynasty，The territory of its control has almost doubled。The differences in territory are reflected in the attitude of the two dynasties for ethnic minorities，The Han rule since the Song and Ming dynasties actually rely on the military facilities in the Great Wall to defense，Strictly distinguish between Han people and other ethnic minorities。The Qing Dynasty realized a unified governance pattern，Incorporate the border ethnic minorities into its own rule。Such a ruling pattern，It will inevitably have a significant impact on its governance mode。

The rule of the Qing Dynasty is based on the unified multi -nation community，Then it must take more energy to consider how to deal with the relationship with ethnic minorities，From this we see that the identity of the Qing Dynasty monarch often shows a diversified image。For example，Emperor Yongzheng asked someone to draw a few portraits for himself，The dress of each portrait Bet365 lotto review is different，We can use three of the portraits to make some instructions。The first is that he is reading Chinese characters，Fully reflects the image of him as the Chinese monarch。The second is Lama pretend，Explain that he also has the religious leadership of the Lama in the nominal。The third is a Taoism，Explain that he also wants to control Taoism in his own way。Of course Emperor Yongzheng and other identities，For example, he is still Mongolian Khan King，Represents the reign of Mongolia Emperor in Mongolia，Of course, these titles are just nominal，But the possession of the symbol of symbol actually reflects the vastness of the Qing Dynasty control map。The multiple identities of the monarch of the Qing Dynasty also made it when governing the country，For different ethnic groups、Different situations and regions，Take different coping strategies。This is an important reason why the Qing Dynasty implemented dual governance model。

After understanding the above background，It is easier for us to locate Nanhaizi，It is the starting point of the Qing Dynasty garden rational government。Why do you say that? The minority regime is different from the living habits of the Han Dynasty，Mr. Dai Yi mentioned，Man is a hunting nation，It is different from the farming nation。After Manchu enters the Central Plains，Taking Beijing City as the central，In their geographical orientation，Beijing belongs to the southern region。But they still retain traditional living habits，For example, a regular hunting ceremony。Before the Qing Dynasty，The so -called "捺 bowl" in the Liao Dynasty，The Yuan Dynasty was called "Flying Play"，Actually it is a habitual ritual for camping hunting。

After the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, the main places of rational governance were undoubtedly the Forbidden City，But the Emperor of the Qing Dynasty liked to travel around，So the office location is constantly changing。Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong has repeatedly southern tour、East Tour，Explain that they still retain some living habits of hunting people。

Shunzhi period，Sanshan Wuyuan and Summer Hills bet365 live casino games have not yet been built，In order to meet the needs of gardens in order to meet the needs of gardens，The only thing that can choose is South China Sea，So Nanhaizi may be the only place in the Shunzhi Chaoshuan garden garden。Except for the Forbidden City，Emperor Shunzhi can only work in Nanyuan。Why is the South China Sea Zi seeing very important in the history of the Qing Dynasty garden gardening，It is because it is the starting point of the garden rational government mode。I understand the cultural connotation owned by Nanhaizi from this perspective。

　　There are five characteristics of garden rational government

South China Seazi is an important starting point for garden rationality，So what characteristics does it have?

First，Emperor Shunzhi entered the customs from the Northeast，The Qing court was always in a state of war，Facing Mongolia's invasion and the rebellion in the south，Keep the east to discuss the west。Many generals when the class returns to the dynasty，Triumph rituals are often held in Nanhaizi，The triumphant ritual is also a very important part of the governance of the Qing Dynasty。Two years of Shunzhi (1645) Dorr sacrifices Nanyuan; Shunzhi four years of Duo Duo Teacher，Emperor Shunzhi out of Zhengyangmen welcomes the teacher Yu Nanyuan; the 14th year of Kangxi (1675)，Doro、Eza and Tuhai Expenses after Extermination of Chahar，Teacher Kai Triumph，Emperor Kangxi led the ministers to welcome Nanyuan Dahongmen。This ritual activity is very frequent。So，South China Seazi is the place of the triumphant ritual first。

2，Shangwu、Parade、encirclement、riding shooting，This is the characteristics of inheriting the former hunting nation，in Shunzhi、Kangxi、Yongzheng and Qianlong's main administration are recorded，This is the most important feature of Nanhaizi。Mr. Dai Yi said，It is still a center of government，That is, the place where the ministers deal with government affairs。For example，Shunzhi thirteen years，The emperor summoned the university scholar Chen Zhilin，The emperor summoned the university scholar Chen Zhilin，Emperor Shunzhi also discussed the gains and losses of political governance in Bet365 app download Song and Ming dynasties。December of the same year，Book of Dong Ee as the concubine，This is also a very famous example，A scene with a lot of performance in the Qing Palace -The love of Emperor Shunzhi and Dong Efei is in the South China Sea，It can also be regarded as a part of the general government of Qing Dynasty。

third，It is mainly the place where the emperor avoids the summer and acne。Mr. Dai Yi also said，The Emperor of the Qing Dynasty felt that Beijing was too hot，Just find the place where the summer avoidance is everywhere，Also avoid acne，Afraid of ceiling。Shunzhi Eight Years、Nine Years、Thirteen Years，The emperors all go to Nanhaizi in the name of avoiding acne，He feels more comfortable when he is working in Nanyuan。Eighteen years of Kangxi，The emperor took the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang to go to Nanhaizi，I think Nanyuan is clean and comfortable，It is a good place to recuperate the body。

Fourth，When the parade is hunt，See the leader of ethnic minorities through the hunting ceremony，Show the prestige of the dynasty。"Qingshi Record" repeatedly records the grand occasion of Nanyuan Xihongmen parade，History is called Team Removal、Eye -seeking，Caalka Cazaqa Tu Khan came to the dynasty、Wang、Belle, etc.，All look at the shock and shock: The soldiers of the heavens are neat and elite.，sincerity and unprecedented ancient。It was 40 years of Kangxi at that time，Emperor Kangxi personally put on armor in person，Demonstration riding shooting、Two rounds，cheers in the audience，Marvel that the emperor is still so powerful for the emperor's age。When the emperor's parade is hunt，Not only to show the military power，There is also the intention of the ethnic minority leader who deterred。Kangxi 43 years of military parade，History Calling: Getting retreat，neat and serious，Mongolian Chechen who came to the DPRK is all thrilling and fear，Sighing Tianchao Bingwei，sincerity and unprecedented ancient。Before the end of Emperor Kangxi，Still visiting Nanyuan，Records from Nanyuan Nanhaizi in Nanyuan Nanhaizi in November 61。It can be seen that it loves bet365 best casino games Nanyuan，I have to go to Nanyuan once in Nanyuan。These records are also an important evidence for the Nanhaizi as a model of garden governments。

Fifth，South China Seazi becomes the center of the Tibetan leader of the Qing Dynasty，It is also an important place for the Qing Dynasty to establish a strategy of governing Tibet。Shunzhi December 9th，Emperor Yama Lama, the Emperor's Old Yamen Palace in Nanyuan，Meeting of Emperor Shunzhi and the Dalai Lama，Make the South China Sea Zizi an important starting point for the Qing Dynasty League of Tibet。Qianlong 45 years (1780) September 10th，Under the careful arrangement of Emperor Qianlong，and the Sixth Panchen Panchen repeats the cause of the Emperor Shunzhi and the Fifth Dalai Lama at the same place，This meeting is in De Shou Temple。For its political significance，Qianlong is very important，So "later reflection，Actually for the national event "。

　It has two meanings

From the perspective of the entire garden governance, we can see the two meanings of Nanhaizi，These two meanings are when we are engaged in Nanhaizi Culture Research，can be used as an important reference basis。

First point，The South China Sea is the first place where the garden governance is in the Qing Dynasty after entering the customs，It is both the habit of continuing ethnic minorities and the starting point of highlighting the characteristics of the duality of the Qing Dynasty。At the same time，It also created a initial model for Sanshan Wuyuan and Summer Summer Garden Garden Garden。Of course we can't deny，Later garden rational place began to move northwest，For example, the Yuanmingyuan later became the center of the Qing Dynasty garden rational government，The importance of the summer resort is beyond doubt。but，We emphasize that the South China Sea is the starting point of the dual government of the Qing Dynasty，This is also an important historical resource and cultural heritage that we can discover in the future。

Second point，South China Sea Ziyuan Political Model fully reflects the characteristics of the Governance of the Grand Governance of the Qing Dynasty。Emperor Kangxi shocked the prince of Mongolia through the parade Bet365 lotto review of Nanyuan，Established a connection with the northwest minority regime。Emperor Shunzhi、Emperor Qianlong passed with Dalai、Two Alliances of Panchen (Two League of Panchen，Establishing contact with the Southwest frontier。So，Start from the point of this South China Sea，In fact, it can be radiated to the entire layout and territory of the Qing Dynasty。From this perspective，Deeply discover the relationship between Nanhaizi Culture and Qing Dynasty gardens rational model，Discuss the status and role of Nanhaizi culture in the history of the Qing Dynasty，is a topic worthy of attention。

　(The author is a professor at the Institute of Qing History of Renmin University of China、A special professor of "Changjiang Scholars" of the Ministry of Education)