History is an ancient discipline，The literacy of historians is directly related to the appearance of history，Therefore, it was repeatedly mentioned and emphasized during the long discipline development process。For example，Liu Zhiji, a historian in the Tang Dynasty in our country, put forward，Historians should have "talent、Learning、Consciousness "three aspects of quality。British historian Trivilian believes，Historians bear the accumulation of historical facts、Evidence Test，Choose the historical facts、Volume ratio、speculation、Summarize and express it in proper form。Visible，The literacy of historians is not only related to the progress of historical research，And related to the play of historical social functions and social trust in history。

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Contemporary History Theorist He Zhaowu pointed out，Work of historical research，It can be regarded as a process of constructing a historical picture based on the material of historians。"Composition" ability to be high，Directly determines the level of historical research，It also reflects the basic literacy of historians。For example，The Hongmen Banquet in "Historical Records" is a "historical picture" built by Sima Qian，From this we not only saw the historical situation，And can feel Sima Qian’s historic characteristics。The author's so -called "composition" ability is a comprehensive literacy of a historian，Not only the ability to understand and understand history，It also includes the ability to express and write history，It also includes intuitive inspection and mental experience when facing the "history" that has become a past or in progress。

If "History" is the "construction diagram" for historians to construct historical images，So historical materials are undoubtedly the basic material of historian's "composition"。Historical materials as records and relics of historical processes，Although it has its own meaning，But the more important significance comes from its position in "History Picture"，and the way to be included in the "historical picture"。Between historical materials incorporated into the "historical picture"，It will inevitably be bet365 best casino games constructed a certain connection，The significance of history is exactly what this association is reflected。When the same historical material is associated with different other historical materials，The meaning will also change，Then affect the change of the entire "historical picture"。For example，A bookkeeping book of a family，The "composition" of the macro narrative seems，Its meaning may be optional;，But it is a treasure that explores the micro -knowledge。Because of this，Talent from a historian、Learning、Consciousness，The ability to use historical methods and tools，and the mind of perception of history，It seems particularly important，directly affects the overall situation of the history of the era。

　　History turned to a new "composition" ability

The literacy of historians or "composition" abilities，Revelation of the historical connotation of human society，And itself has a historic connotation。Look abstractly，The literacy of historians can be summarized as "talent、Learning、Consciousness "and other aspects，But in detail，Whether it is the content of the literacy or the structure，Update as changes in the times。Chen Qineng proposed，"Contemporary，that is, the last 20 and early 21st century "，Contents of humanities and social science knowledge、Structures and methods have undergone extremely profound changes，History has also been greatly adjusted，"Cultural Steering", "practical steering", "steering of space", "steering of the space", etc.，opened a new prospect for history。Obviously，These "steering" involve the concept of historiography、Deep changes in methods and means，Every time the "steering" has put forward new challenges to historian literacy，and provide a new opportunity for its change。Back to the sense of "composition"，History "Steering" will always bring new historical interpretation and connection methods，Breeding a new "composition" ability，thereby constructing different "historical pictures"。In general，Every historic steering is calling for changes and innovation of "composition" ability。

Since the 21st century，History is ushered in a "digital steering"，That is the historical change under digital technology。In the last 20 years，Digitalization and digital native historical materials of historical data，One of the important signs of becoming a "digital steering" in history。If the historic movement Bet365 lotto review advocated by Liang Qichao, the intersection of the 19th century and the 20th century, the "Historical Revolution"，So this "digital steering" is the continuation and deepening of that "revolution"。It is the backward gesture established by the "Historical Revolution"，Let historians have the concept and confidence of "everyone is equal in the face of history"，and strive to find a historic writing method and discourse system for expressing this confidence。At the same time，"Digital Steering" is more likely to be a new starting point，It will continue to move forward in the direction of the "Historical Revolution"，Entering the field of human history never arrived，and construct a new picture。Obviously，This will force history to get out of the "comfort zone" again，Also changes the "composition" ability to become an urgent issue。

　　Coordinating database and historical research logic

The most intuitive manifestation of "digital steering" in history，Perhaps the "database" replaces the "historical collection"。In recent years，History Database Construction Gao Sing Gao Gao。In the field of modern history,，Shanghai Library's "Full -text Database (1833-1911)" and "Complete Text Database of the Republic of China (1911-1949)" in the Republic of China in 2009，"Late Qing" section has included more than 520 journals、Article 530,000 articles，"Republic of China" part of more than 25,000 journals、Articles of more than 10 million articles。The "General Library of China History Literature" of the National Library Press includes 180,000 kinds of books in the Republic of China、More than 32 million pages。The "Anti -Japanese War and Modern Sino -Japanese Relations Data Platform" of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences includes 830 species of newspapers in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.、More than 2300 species、Books 23,000 volumes。Maybe it won't take long，Teachers of the Department of History when guiding students，Not only do you have to open a book list，More "library" order。

Theoretically speaking，The digitalization of historical materials enables historians to obtain and use the size of historical materials unprecedented。Former historians may rely on individual diligence，Read through day by night，Complete the possession and analysis of historical materials as much as possible。Today，Massive historical materials have already Bet365 app download surpassed the physiological carrying capacity of human reading。Facing huge、Fragmental digital historical materials，Only by the individual's diligence，Obviously stretched，Therefore, I have to rely on the ability to make and use the database。In the background of "Digital Steering"，The use of databases and "reading" becomes a must -have literacy for historians，and the construction of each database except the technical logic of the database，In fact, there are its own structural logic。Just like the historians of the previous digital age, reading files、Collection、Diary and other historical materials，Always wake up the flaws hidden in this historical form at all times，Historians in the digital era use database to do historical research，In addition to the ability to use the database，It must also have the ability to analyze the database as "text"。Otherwise，Historical research will fall into "database trap"，The logical impact of the historical database、Change and even replace the logic of historical research itself。

Still "composition" as a metaphor，Just like a paper and pen drawing drawing into a computer drawing，The general skills of drawing still have their own use，It just needs to be manifested in drawing software instead of brush paper，Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to drawing software as a tool and brush paper。Gaoming's artist will also follow the unique requirements of his artistic creation，Design improvement exclusive drawing software。Similarly，With the further improvement of the historical database、Segmentation and the in -depth development of the trend of "database governance"，can be foreseeable，In the near future，Historians should interpret the hooks between data historical materials more carefully，It will also produce an exclusive database with unique "problem consciousness" and academic style with the help of digital technology。In such a database，Historians can truly draw a meaningful curve between historical materials，Expressing your theoretical thinking about history，Then complete the drawing of "Historical Picture"。In a sense,，History database only progress to this，Can you really integrate into historius research。and historians master the historical data analysis and interpretation ability of the database as the medium，It is an important part of "composition" Bet365 lotto review innovation in the background of "digital steering"。

　　Incorporate digital historical materials into the ideological framework

The problem worthy of attention is the use of "native digital historical materials" in "composition"。Many scholars proposed，Due to the electronicization of human activities in the digital age，"Digital Archeology" becomes a challenge that has to be faced by historical research。In a certain sense，Massive data means the expansion of historical materials，It is indeed conducive to a more complete understanding of historical events，But the true integrity of "historical picture" does not just depend on historical materials。Actually，The incomplete historical materials and complete history are contradictions that historians can never resolve，It is also a reason for historians to exist forever。Historical materials can only participate in the "composition"。The richness of the data sometimes causes the "crushing" of the event，Seduces people intentionally or unintentionally into the fragments of playing data and weaving，Abandoning or losing the interest of revealing the overall appearance and deep structure of history。

At the same time，History formation method in the digital era、Storage media, etc.，While bringing a new change of historical data in the world，It also changed its way of dispersion。History as an empirical science，Can't rely on logical deduction to memorize your reliability，"Historical Picture" must be corrected in the test of facts and logic at the same time。Historian "composition" "has" the "having"，But it cannot ignore the "None" of historical materials。The "composition" ability of historians should not only include the use of the world's historical materials，It should also include the historical materials and the causes of the loss of dispersion。Therefore，Historians who use the "composition" of the electronic historical data，Not only the "glue" that needs to be adhered to the gap of historical materials，And the "glue" use skills that are different from the previous digital era。And all this requires historians in the digital age to pay more attention to the large structure of social and historical process、Big change、Thinking of the big process。Of course，This does not mean "prejudice" formed and accumulated in the previous digital age，Turn the increasing and abundant data into a material that verifies Bet365 app download the existing views，Fill in the existing historical narrative framework，Instead, starting from the "facts" of recognition and processing digitalization，Exploring the new ideological framework。

　　Human connotation of excavating network data

Today's era，Data mass increases from personal、Enterprise、Government and other multiple subjects，Especially smart devices such as mobile phones and Internet technology in daily life are widely used，The rapid growth of data manufactured by netizens。For history，These data carries individual life and emotion，In addition to economics and statistical value，It also contains rich humanistic connotation，It is particularly significant。In the 21st century,，In 2001, there were nearly 500 million people using the Internet globally，It was 4.1 billion in 2019。The 46th "Statistics Report on the Development of the Internet of the Internet" shows，As of June 2020，The scale of netizens in my country reaches 940 million，increased 36.25 million from March 2020，Internet penetration rate reaches 67.0%，increased by 2.5 percentage points from March 2020。Social digitalization process and its comprehensive acceleration trend，The impact of the interaction between the real world and the virtual world is becoming more and more obvious，The scope and degree of real world virtualization are getting deeper and deeper。

It is worth noting that，The virtual world is based on the huge netizens data。Because of this，The virtual world is not only the "static recovery" of the real world，And the "dynamic simulation" of the real world。In other words，It not only works hard to reproduce "past"，Just like various historical data databases that are constantly emerging now，Re -emerge from historical materials that were annihilated，It is easier for the historical materials that have been hidden by the secret，It provides possibilities for comprehensively outline all aspects of past social life; and it is also diligently recording "Now"，Data generated worldwide in 2010 less than 2zb，But by 2025, it is predicted that it will be as high as 175ZB，Sweeps with the tide of mobile internet，The amount of data generated through the network is expected to increase greatly，and China will become the world's largest data market。Data scientifically，will provide new possibilities for drawing "historical pictures"。For Chinese bet365 best casino games historians，This is undoubtedly an opportunity。

More importantly，Digitalization process is still actively predicting and displaying "Future"。Big data shows individual or collective behavioral inertia，There is a predictive impulse。In fact, we can always feel this in the daily experience of various APP "push"。Regardless of whether to admit it，History seems to be "past learning"，But always embrace the idea of ​​"future"。Whether or not it is called "historical law"，Showing and expressing the penetration understanding of the changes of human society in "Historical Pictures"，It is the most distinguished manifestation of historian's "composition" ability。Therefore，When human activity is data, it is unprecedented，"Trend Analysis" based on behavioral data processing is gradually mature，More deeply reviewing the "composition" ability of historians，So as to promote the "digital steering" of historios to make results。

　　(Author Unit: Institute of History Theoretical Institute of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)