1921，External expert experts at the China Geological Survey Institute、Swedish geologist and archeologist Anteson (1874-1960) hosted the excavation of the Site of Yangshao, Henan Province, Henan Province，Later, the name "Yangshao Culture" is proposed。The academic community often uses it as a sign that appears in Chinese archeology，This year happened to be a hundred years。Generally speaking before and after the October Revolution of Russia in 1917，Historical Materialism Theory is introduced into China，and gradually become the mainstream social trend。Chinese archeological community uses historical materialism theory for social and historical reconstruction and archaeological theory innovation，Forms the theoretical system of Chinese archeology，There is also an exploration process。

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Marx published in 1859 "The Promotion of Political Economics Criticism"，Comprehensive expressions of his understanding of the evolution of European social form: "Generally speaking，Asia's、Ancient Greek Rome、The feudal and modern bourgeois production methods can be regarded as a few times of the evolution of economic social forms。"(" Selected Works of Marx and Engels "Volume 2，People's Publishing House 2012 edition，Page 3) Russia and Soviet academic circles have made many discussions on the statement of Marx's above -mentioned social development stage，The five of them have a great impact on the Chinese academic community。bet365 best casino games 1938，Stalin made a relatively complete summary，It is believed that there are five basic production relationships in history: the original commune system、slavery、feudal system、Capitalism、Socialist。(Stalin: "Dialectical materialism and historical materialism"，People's Publishing House 1956 edition，page 33) This statement has universal significance，Have evolutionary color。

The discussion of the ancient history staging in the Chinese academic community began in the 1920s，The results of early research are represented by Guo Moruo's "Ancient Chinese Social Studies"。(Guo Moruo: "Ancient Chinese Social Research"，"The Complete Works of Guo Moruo · History" Volume 1，People's Publishing House 1982 Edition) The archaeological community has also actively participated in the discussion of five social forms，A lot of results have been achieved。

　　The "Revolution" theory of Zhard

Australian British archaeologist Gordon Chart (1892-1957) is known as Marxist archaeologists，He adopts the concept of "cultural district"，Constructing cultural sequences in different areas，Focus on the regional and special nature of culture。1936，He proposed，Among the many factors that promote the development of human history，The most important thing is the economic situation、Application of social productivity and science。Prehistoric tool evolution studied by archaeologists，and productivity、The evolution of the economic structure and social system is closely related。The results of archeology are recorded in detail，Forming a literature，The basis for studying the history of materialist bet365 Play online games history。Actually，Archaeologists have discovered the change of the nature of human social production methods。The main factor that promotes this change，It is the factors that the historical view of the historical materialism in theory。This change can be called the industrial revolution in prehistoric history。He mainly starts from the change of culture at the technical level，Revolution of Shinkishi、Urban Revolution and Knowledge Revolution as a clue，Reconstruction of social history。(Gordon Chart: "Human House created itself"，Shanghai Sanlian Bookstore, 2008)

Summer proposed，Yinxu culture of Shang Dynasty is a splendid civilization，Have the city、Text and Bronze Three Elements，and it is a bright Chinese civilization。Chinese civilization has its personality、Its special style and features。In terms of the above three elements，It has its own particularity of Chinese color。In other respects，For example, jade carving、Malaysia car、engraving white pottery and primitive porcelain、Oracle divination also has its own characteristics。Yinxu's art is also self -made。Chinese civilization has changed in various eras，Each era has certain characteristics，But still maintains the common characteristics of Chinese civilization。He thinks，According to archeological evidence，Although China is not completely isolated from the outside world，But Chinese civilization is still native to Chinese land。The main culture of the Neolithic Age of China，There are some cultural factors with Chinese characteristics。The formation of the formation of Chinese civilization is developed on the basis of these factors。but，The bet365 live casino games birth of civilization is a kind of qualitative change、A leap。So，Some people call it the "Urban Revolution" after the "New Stone Revolution"。(Xia Yan: "Origin of Chinese Civilization"，Cultural Relics Publishing House 1985 Edition) Xia Yan's theoretical orientation here，is the historical materialism theory understood by Thauride。

　　Constructing the theoretical system of Chinese archeology

1985，Su Bingqi proposed "Ancient Culture、Ancient City、Ancient Country "and three journey of the origin of civilization in western Liaoning region。"Ancient Culture" refers to primitive culture; "ancient city" refers to the city and town in the original differentiation of urban and rural areas，instead of referring to cities that specifically refer to specific meanings; "ancient country" refers to above the tribe、Stable、Independent political entity。The three should be from logic、History、Relationship understanding of development。(Su Bingqi: "The Ancient Countries of the Ancient Culture of West Liaoning"，"Liaohai Cultural Relics Journal" 1986 Pioneer Number) This statement is a summary and summary of the results of archeological materials and archeological research at the time，Taking the change of social organizations as the end point of social history reconstruction，It reflects the original meaning of historical materialism，The change of the economic foundation leads to the change of the upper -level building，It is the iconic results that successfully applied historical materialism to the study of the origin of Chinese civilization。

1993，Su Bingqi also proposed a comparative understanding: the core problem of the national history is the national problem (similar Bet365 app download to the essence of the origin of civilization)。There are two main points in China issues: the trilogy of the development stage is the ancient country、Fang Guo、Empire; the three types of the development model are native types、secondary type and continuation type。(Su Bingqi: "The Heir of the Chinese Dragon · Chinese -Archeology Searching"，Liaoning University Press 1994 Edition) It is not difficult to see，The trilogy and three types of Chinese countries proposed by Su Bingqi，and Engels in "Family、The Origin of Private and State "proposed Greece、Rome、Deutsche Third Phase and Athens、Rome、There is a contractual relationship between the three models of the German Deutsche，It is the "writing sequel" of Chinese scholars again。

These achievements of Su Bingqi，It provides a successful example of the construction of Chinese social history。It is based on the correct understanding of historical materialism，On the basis of a large number of early archeological research practice，He gradually proposed the district theory and spectrum theory，Start the construction of the Chinese archeological theoretical system。

　　Archeology that forms Chinese characteristics

，Under the guidance of historical materialism in the Chinese archaeological community，Exploration of field archeology，I got an important discovery，enriched archeological information of different periods，Research on the origin of Chinese civilization。By summarizing the stage of social history，Archaeological community has improved the overall understanding of the history of Chinese social history，Promoting the development of archeology，Specifically jumped out of dogmatic mud，formed bet365 live casino games its own subject characteristics。Different academic perspectives are blooming，Discipline presents a vitality。

Su Bingqi said: "I used to think ... how can I combine Marxism with this subject? The understanding of the question is finally clear，It was after a report after he heard Comrade Hu Sang in 1975.。He proposed in the report that he wanted to establish Marxism、Chinese schools (including each discipline) with national style and national spirit。From then on，I have a clear understanding of the direction of my country's archeological development，Also specific。means，We should build a Marxist、Archeology with Chinese characteristics。"(Su Bingqi:" Archeology of the Northern and South Area of ​​Yanshan -The North and South of Yanshan in Chaoyang, Liaoning in July 1983、Speech at the Archaeological Symposium in the Great Wall (Abstract)，"Cultural Relics", No. 12, 1983)

Adhere to historical materialism，It is emphasizing from archeological practice、Archaeological Discovery、Departure of archeological materials，Constructing specific cultural and historical processes in different regions; adhering to the empirical tradition of truth -seeking，Emphasize "let the material take the nose away"，Constantly carry out scientific research innovation and theoretical innovation。"The goal of modern archeology is the history of cultivation of the country" (Su Bingqi)。related to this academic mission，We want to strengthen archeological culture、Cultural Zone and Cultural Spectrum Study，Disposal the characteristics of Chinese civilization and regional culture，Unique road to explain the origin and development of Chinese civilization。

　　(The author is the School of History of Wuhan University、Professor of the Yangtze River Civilization and Archeology Research Institute，Director of the Chinese Archaeological Society)