Whether the princes of the Western Zhou Dynasty can enter the dynasty as the official
July 05, 2023 11:32 Source: "China Social Sciences" July 5, 2023 Total 2684 Author: Wang Chao

Han Confucianism below,Scholars of all generations believe that the princes can enter the dynasty as the official。Promoting its speaker as the Great Confucianism of the Western Han Dynasty,"Poetry · 缁" Mao Mao "Chuan" Yun "The princes enter the emperor Qingshi,Cai Lu "; then,Zheng Xuan、Kong Yingda、Xu Yan, etc.。Historian Yang Kuan also said in the book "History of the Western Zhou Dynasty": "On the occasion of Cheng Kang ...,The vassal of the vassal of the Embiots entered the name ‘Bo’。"" In recent years,With the deepening of research,Scholars suspecting the old saying。For example,Wang Zhiguo's "Western Zhou Princes Entry as Wang Guan" ("History Monthly" 2014, No. 5),No one who is known as "Hou" in the literature can be the situation of the king official at the same time,The princes enter the dynasty as the official "contrary to the division system"。I think,The proposal of the new opinions brought new angle to discussing traditional issues,But the old saying is also based on,It is not suitable to make all negative。

First,"Hou" can serve as the dynasty official at the same time。"Shang Shu · Gu Ming" contains King Zhou Cheng's illness,Tell the minister to auxiliary Zizhao,The minister has "Taibao、Rui Bo、Tongbo、Bigong、Weihou、Mao Gong ... "" Weihou "(Uncle Kang) among them,The Qing Dynasty Pi Xirui used "Historical Records · Weishi Family".,Think of "Gu Life" "Wei Hou" is the error of "Wei Bo",Zhu Fenghan、Wang Zhiguo's proposed here,Wei Guo did not have the identity of the prince until the time when he was in the hectares,So "Gu Life" "Wei Hou (Bo)" is actually the king of the king as the prince in the vassal。

But according to "Shang Shu · Kangji",Uncle Wei Kang was called "Hou" Bet365 lotto review when he was sealed;,Uncle Wei Kang is called "Kang Hou" (Kang Hou Feng Ding)。Tsinghua Jane's "System Year" said,Chengwang、Zhou Gongdong successfully,Thinking and the destruction of Xia Shang,Nai Guangjian's children,"As a Zhou thick screen,Nai Jianjian uncle was sealed in Kangqiu,With the people of Hou Yin ",Therefore, "Kanghou" Kang refers to "Kangqiu",Naiwei's first seal。"Zuo Zhuan · Dinggong Four Years" also says,Uncle Kang started to seal "Yin Xu",Give "Yin Min Seventh Nationality",Earth "South of the Father of Wu,and the north of the Putian ",other,"Take the soil of Yan,With the Jobs of the Communist Party ","There is Yan's soil",Du Yu "Note": "The guards are suffering from Suyi,Gai near Gyeonggi ",It can be seen that Kanghou removed the old Yin,Also in the dynasty "Together (Supply) King"。So,"Gu Ming" described at least when Chengkang,Uncle Wei is still responsible for the dynasty。As for the "Wei Shi Family", the monarchs were called "Bo",Not necessarily conflict with its princes,"Bo" has "long" meaning,also with the law、Politics with two meanings,The princes of the Western Zhou Dynasty are also known as "Bo" (such as "Rubur" and "Jinbo")。The early monarch of the Wei Guo used "Kang" as the clan,Explanation of the non -guarding at that time,So Situ suspects only called "contempt for guard",until the time when he was in Hei, Qiwei,This should be an example of the migration of the princes。

"Gu Ming" also contains,"Taibao Life Zhongye、Nangong Mao,爰 齐 齐 侯,Two Thousand Ge Tiger Hundred People,Anti Zizhao outside the south gate ",It means Tai Bao Ming Zhong、Nangong Mao followed Qi Houluji to lead 2,000 and Tiger Tigers,Yingkang Wang Zhao。Lu Jizhi,Pseudo -Kong "Biography" means "for the Tiger Tiger",Japanese scholar Akasuka Aka "Book Sutra" said that Lu Ji Shi Shi Division's Father'bet365 Play online games s Army,The Chiefs of the Zhou Dynasty military officer。Grand Duke was a master,Handling Military,Inquiry 簋, etc.)。According to golden text,"Division" Wild Response "Tiger (Tiger (贲)" and other military personnel (such as division、Inquiry 簋, etc.),And Lu Ji commander Zhong Yan、Nangong Mao and Kaoge、Tiger Tigers,Similar to Jin Wen's "Division"。Although the descendants of Tai Gong Wang have stayed in Wangyu,There is still doubt now,But from "Gu Ming" can be seen,At least his son Lu Ji is Hou Shi,"Work" in the dynasty。

other,Shan Ding inscriptions in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty recorded: "Wang said: good ... Yu Wei Zhaoshen Pioneer,Lest Ru Zuo Xunyi,Supervisor Master ",Wang Mingshan Sasuke Zhihou,Supervisor。"Zuo" and "胥" is commonly used in the context of auxiliary superiors,Ru Xingzhong Zai Wang Mingxing's "Xing Xing Dian Jue Weiyi" "Xiu Xi Zuo Yin's",Yin is the superior of the promotion。Good Dingzhong instrument Lord Good as a king official,As a superior, it is also like it。And,Look from the good job of "supervisor",The duty of the dynasty in which the dynasty applied to the dynasty is related to the division,豳 Division belongs to a branch of the West Six Division of the Zhou Dynasty's regular army,It can be seen that Hou Dang is the general of the dynasty army。

2,Called "Gong" is not distinguished from the official、Strict standards of the princes。Decisure to the point of the princes as a king official,There is another reason,That is, most of the king officials are called "public",But the princes except the beginning of the prince,No life is called "public"。Below of fine Duo,There are also problems with this reason。First,Even if Jin Wenzhong's "certain public" is not the princes,But there are still many unknown king officials in Jinwen,Ru Sima Communist、Master and Father, etc.,It is difficult to know Bet365 app download its family life,Whether the princes are not easy to judge。If only from the king "a certain public" is not the prince,It is believed that the princes are not credible as the king,I am afraid that there is an indifferent evidence。Next,Whether it is called "public",It seems that it can not be used as a key evidence that distinguish whether the princes can be the king official。

Early Western Zhou Dynasty, Ji surnamed the kingdom of the country, called "Yinggong",If "Ying Public Traveling Yi", "Ying Gong Zun Yi Zun Yi"。After the mid -period of the Western Zhou Dynasty,The name of "Ying Hou" is more common (such as Ying Hou Ding、Ying Hou View Gongding)。Henan Pingdingshan Ying Guo Cemetery era is the mid -to -late period to the late Western Zhou Dynasty,One of the bronze wares from the tomb of the National Junjun in the late Western Zhou Dynasty,Its inscription "Ying Gong Zun Zun Wu Emperor Ritin,Son descendant Sun Yongbao "。This "Ying Gong" is a generation of Ying Hou.。If the perspective of the "public" is called "public","Ying Gong" is also used as the princes as the king official。

Another example,In the inscription of the West Zhou Dynasty, you also see "Kanggong"。If the bowl in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty 簋 "Wang Ge is in the big room,Kanggong Right Bowl ",畯簋 "Wang Ge Temple,ascended,Zanwang,Kanggong Introduction,Right 畯 畯 ",Although the two "Kanggong" is difficult to determine whether the same person is the same person,But the two are the "right" in the dynasty ritual of the dynasty,Its identity is a king official, it is undoubted。The "certain" of the king's official "certain" in Jinwen is mostly called,This "Kang" or like it。There are several pieces of Kangbo in the early middle and middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty,Among them, the Kangber pot unearthed in the Western Zhou Cemetery of Pangjiagou, Beiyang, Luoyang,From the perspective of "Kang Bo" from the son of Uncle Kang,These "Kangber" refers to Kang Bo fashion or Bet365 lotto review its descendants。So,"Kang Gong" of "Kang" as the referred to,When the Uncle Kang Family,"Kang Gong" is the possibility of the princes obviously exist。This may also be the situation of the princes as the king official。

third,The princes can be ordered by the dynasty tin as the king official。The Western Zhou Dynasty appointed an internal service officer,Usually a tin fate ritual,There are many materials in the Jinwen Wenwen of the Western Zhou Dynasty。So,Among them, there are examples of Wuxi Life Princes as Wangguan?

In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, Xing Houyi recorded: "Only March,Wang Lingrong and inner history said: Harm Xing Hou service,Given Three Products: State People、heavy man、鄘 鄘 ... "" Harm ",Scholars read as "cut" or "匄",There is a meaning of giving。Zhou Wang awarded Xing Hou "Serving",Does it mean Xing Guo's beginning? Fearless。From the situation of feudal princes contained in the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty,If forty -two years, the Ding Dingzhuang Yang Guo said, "Yu Zhaojian's eldest father, Hou Yang",Yihou 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨簋 夨 夨 夨 : : : :,Start -sealed or relocated all call "Hou Yumou",Xing Houzheng's situation is different。Yu Wu believes that "Xing Hou's service" refers to Xing Guoyi,Give the people,Expand the scope of jurisdiction。But Zhou Dynasty divided the princes,Its purpose is to open territory,Once the princes are named,Complete the Turkish and People,Western Zhou Dianbian、No record of the princes of the princes is not seen。The nature of this inscription "Harma Xing Hou Service",Tang Lan、Li Xueqin thought that Xing Hou was awarded Xing Hou with dynasty affairs。Repends from the inscription "Chen" is slave,and Book of Life You Qing Rong and Internal History participated,The content of the tin contained in Xing Houzheng is similar to the situation Bet365 lotto review of the Western Zhou Xi's king official。

other,"Mandarin · Zhou Yu" record,Zhou Xuanwang,"Want to get the national son's ability to guide the princes",Zhongshanfu's "Luhou" (Lu Xiaogong),Xuanwang Suixi's life。"Guo Zi" is also seen in the late Western Zhou Dynasty Guozi Shuo's father, "虢 嗣 嗣 嗣 鬲 鬲 鬲",Among them, the "master father" is Zhou You Wang Qing Shi Shishi Father。"嗣" refers to 赓 赓,Shi Yi 簋 "嗣 is ancestors、Tiger Chen ",Inheritance the ancestor management、Tiger Chen; "Zuo Zhuan" Xianggong three years: "Qi Yan please old,Jinhou asks,Called Fox,Its 雠 also,He will die ",Jiehu is Qi Qiu's family,But Qi Yan still recommends him inheriting his position,It also shows that "嗣" mainly refers to the continuous job。"虢 虢",It is generally believed to refer to Zhou Li Wang Shi Qing Shi Ji Zhonglin Father。"Guo Zi" refers to the father of the stone,then "Guo Zi" may be the "Qing Shi" identity that he inherits。Lu Xiaogong and Yanshi Father are active in the late Western Zhou Dynasty,The meaning of the meaning of "Guozi" is the same,So,Zhou Xuan Wang Xi's ordered Lu Xiaogong,When it is appointed as "Qing Shi"。Qingshi guidance、The duties of the princes of the patchwork。According to "Zuo Zhuan" record,Lu Xuangong seven years,Zheng Gongzi Song Wei Zheng Xianggong salute to the princes,Alliance in Black soil,So "Wang Shugonglinzhi,Unsurbing ",Du Yu "Note": "Uncle Wang,Zhou Qingshi。The destiny of the heavenly son to monitor the different princes of the princes also respect the inferiority。"Wang Shuyu Gonglin League,Mainly for "incompetence",is the ritual of guiding the princes to the regulation,It is consistent with the ministry of "Zhou Yu" Guozi's "Leading Prince"。

Together said,There are situations in the princes of the Western Zhou Dynasty,and is mainly seen in the early and middle periods of the Western Zhou Dynasty,Bet365 app download This is related to the mature official system of the early dynasties of the Western Zhou Dynasty and the strong control of the dynasty.。After the late Western Zhou Dynasty,The phenomenon of the princes is gradually rare,But there are special cases。This also reflects to some extent that the Western Zhou official system has not been fixed as a system as later generations,Instead, there is right to change according to the evolution of the dynasty's political situation。to the Spring and Autumn Period,The Zhou royal family still has the princes (such as Zheng、虢) The situation of the dynasty Qingshi,This cover is the inheritance and continuation of the phenomenon of "vassal entry as the king" in the Western Zhou Dynasty politics。

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