With the transition of the second wave of ecological criticism research paradigms，The ecological criticism of ethnic minorities in the United States is gradually emerging，and introduced the racial perspective into ecological criticism，Revealing environmental problems and races、Class、Gender、Regional and other issues that are staggered and inseparable，The dimension and vision of ecological criticism with thick historical and practical significance。The object of ecological criticism also follows the natural and urban environment that is destructive and threatened，Further expansion to exploring non -natural social and cultural environments，The meaning and value of the natural environment given by the culture。Professor of Law and Sociology of Law and Sociology, Kimberch Caren Shaw, proposed the theory of intersections and various factors related to many factors related to it。This theory thinks race、clan、Class、Gender、Age、Religion, etc. is a different dimension that constitutes the overall identity of the individual or group，When facing the unfair treatment of power，Each dimension is connected to each other，Build a set of overlap、Multiple -nature system。In the middle of the 20th century, the beginning of the United States Indian Renaissance，Momadi、Silco、Eudeik、Welch、American writer represented by Hogan，Discuss the identity construction of the Indian group from the perspective of the ethnicity and the return of Indian traditional culture，The work also reflects its attention to the multi -dimensional overlapping suppression of the marginal group，bet365 live casino games Provides rich text materials for the study of ecological criticism of local literature。

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Diff Alchang Bo, Chairman of the Rock Su ethnic group of American Indian tribes, said: "The history of American development is a history of Indians and tears。"American Indians National Museum with text、Rich and informative historical materials such as pictures and real objects fully show the tragic encounters of the Indian nation over the past 400 years。initial，The Indians showed the good guest nature on the European visitors on May Flowers; however, white colonists threatened by force、Deception and other methods forced the Indian tribe to sign a series of unequal treaties such as the Indian Migration Act and "Daus Land Distribution Law"，Has captured the Indian generation nomadic hunting、Land for living and reproduction，Drives it and trapped in the reserved land。Captive with the ingeniousness of the white colonial，The Indian nation not only loses land that survives，The cultural foundation of national unity and cohesion has even lost。At the same time，White colonists use religious and cultural assimilation education methods，The spiritual belief and cultural core of disintegrating the Indian group，Make it internalize and identify with the values ​​of the mainstream western society。Karen Walren's "logic of rule" has expressed the strategy of using consciousness to use consciousness to make moral judgment and reasoning，This reveals the rationality of human rule of human rule in Western philosophy.，Make colonial rule、racism、Class oppression、Gender discrimination and conquest for nature are strengthening and supporting each other in the same system，and being logically rationalized and legal。

Many local literary works accused and criticized the Indians' treatment of environmental racism。Bet365 app download Linda Hogan tells such a story in his representative novel "Sun Storm": in order to solve the problem of electricity in New York State residents，The dam built on the land where the Indian generations lived in the land eventually led to flooding、Animal and Plants Extinction、The consequences of destruction of the ecological environment。Naturally full of soreness also engraved the tragic fate of the Indian group: the experience of displacement、The alienation of the land disintegrated its cultural foundation and spiritual beliefs，Caused the loss of ethnic identity and the difficulty of enlighten the trauma。In Hogan's novel "Spiritual Power"，The needs of unrestricted economic development and urban expansion needs，Caused the ecological environment to be relentlessly destroyed。In the dominant logic of Western human centerism，All this is just "a small price paid by human progress"。In the novel "The Soul of the Soul" created by historical events as a prototype，Hoggen describes the oil resources of the Indian land greedily and crazy about the white colonials of the American colonizer with magical realism，Finally brought the environment and spiritual dual crisis to the Indians。In the Indian cultural cognition，Land is part of the self，It is not a meaningless space that is not conquered and dominated，Human beings should adhere to interdependence with the environment、Harmonious Symbol Environment Overall Explants。However, the environmental ethics of the mainstream western society is an ecological imperialism that reflects environmental racism and biological colonialism，Serving the needs of the economic and political development of the dominant class，Destroy the human natural environment of human beings、The ethnic oppression of the mainstream society on the edge group is constructed as a rationalization bet365 live casino games in the logic of Western discourse rule。

　Poverty becomes the focus of the attention of writers

French thinker Pierre Budier's class theory thinks，Economic Capital is the most important constraints of class division; the class is mainly determined by the material conditions of a group，At the same time, the form of lifestyle and intangible existence of the group restrict class，Become a habit of this class。

In contemporary local literary creation，The poverty of the local descent has always been the focus of the writer's attention，Indians who are sleepy or moved to urban life，Whether it is early or contemporary Indians，All are troubled by economic problems。Louis Eudrek's "North Dakota Series Novels" focuses on the unemployment of Indians in the reserved land、Poverty and other life dilemma。Because there is no good employment opportunity，The Indians in the preserved place are facing long -term unemployment，The government has not been able to provide substantial medical protection and effective economic relief，Their poverty becomes inevitable，A large number of Indians homeless、His living environment，Become the bottom class。As the Chinese writer Owens said，Reserve is "the most desperate place in the United States"。In the works such as "Love Medicine", "Traces", "Pennshuan Palace", and "Four Souls", there are similar phenomena themes。A large number of Indians moved to the city，Due to lack of education and lack of work experience，With no cultural capital such as social relations，All facing the job of unemployment or undertaking the underlying physical labor that has been discriminated against，Those who are considered absent。The Indians in Edrek's novels are mostly engaged in restaurant waiters、Night Class Detentioner、Weight station workers、hygiene cleaners、Commodity salesmen and other social work; bet365 Play online games driving rusty and dilapidated second -hand cars，Live in a humid and cold basement。

The protagonist in the "Birthday" of Momadi，Young and strong Ebell can only rely on helping people to split firewood or become a cities with physical strength workers to earn meager income。According to statistics，80%of the Indians, including mixed -race people, live under the poverty line。Due to universal diseases、Social problems caused by economic poverty and spiritual despair，further deteriorate the living conditions of the Indians，Become a marginalized cultural representation in the mainstream discourse of the United States，A negative and negative other person identity construction，The embarrassing life is attributed to its own Indian identity，and form a spiritual self -oppression。There are also some Indians such as the Tadya in the "Classic instrument" of Silco，Ebel，Thomas in Huo Gen's "People Life by Whale" hopes to change the identity of their Indian "cultural margins" by participating in the war，Integrated into a white society to achieve personal value。War not only brings them creative trauma for them，It is even more difficult to cure the trauma of the soul。

　　Literary performance of ecological feminism

Indian women bear the overlapping suppression of women and Indian identity。Indian women in local literature generally experience the social reality of domestic violence and unemployment and poverty。With the penetration and assimilation of Western thought，On the one hand，The concept of the traditional and gender equality of Indian tradition and gender equality gradually allows the authority of the male rule defended by the western patriarchal society，Indian women are in the state of oppression and physicalization，Dested by personality dignity and self -awareness; on the other hand，Indian women affected by the patriarchal culture have gradually internalized bet365 best casino games and identified the value standards and patriarchal specifications of the patriarchal system。Errin's novel "Tap Shadow" Irene received rules of patriarchal society after marriage，Give up academic pursuit，Become a family -centric family woman。James Welch's "Indian Lawyer" also reflects the inequality of social space and physical space under the concept of patriarchal system。Affected by the social concept of the Western patriarchal system，A large number of Indian women subconsciously internalize the laws of gender ethics of western society inequality into the law of self -oppression，Agree with the status of dual "others" and the unjust of gender differences，Become a race、Class、Gender and other multiple compression objects。

As an important branch of ethnic literature，American Literature Ecological Criticism is a long -lasting research topic for many scholars，On the one hand，Indian traditional culture advocates people with natural equality, harmonious and harmonious ecological overall views，It provides a paradigm for solving the global environmental crisis; on the other hand,，The object of ecological criticism further expands to the connection between all human crisis, including the deterioration of the natural environment, in the search of the social and cultural environment，Therefore, from the perspective of ethnicity，Focus on the race in literary works、Class、Gender、Following the problem of multi -dimensional overlapping problems such as the environment，Disposal social structure、A distorted symbolic characteristics and inconsistent identity constructs the problem of highlighting and supporting the social environment system.，Criticizing the dual -confrontation of the Western Pentrity System and Logoscope's Dualism，It has also become a new path for the development bet365 live casino games of local literary ecological criticism。

(This article is the Ministry of Education's Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Fund project "Contemporary American writer Literature Return to the Home Paradigm" (18yjc752003)、Fujian Middle -aged Teachers Education and Research Project "Linda Hoggen Novel Ecological Theme Study" (JAS180859) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Department of Foreign Languages, Concord College of Fujian Normal University)