Efficient and secure information channels are an important factor affecting government decision-making and local control。In order to better control the northeastern border areas，The Qing government took a series of measures to build information channels in bet365 new customer offer。This process can be divided into two periods: the early Qing Dynasty to the end of the 19th century，The Qing government based on the Chengming system，Continuously improve the central information transmission agency and local relay system in accordance with the needs of political development；Late 19th and early 20th centuries，Advanced Western transportation and communication methods enter China，Triggering the modernization of information channels in bet365 new customer offer。

The information channels in bet365 new customer offer during the Qing Dynasty were basically formed after the Battle of Yaksa，The Ministry of War is at the center of the chariot-driven Cleaning Department、Report Office、Composed of the Good News Office and the bet365 new customer offer Regional E-mail System。The Chaijing Cleaning Department is responsible for "every post office"、曰站、曰堂、曰台、曰所、曰PU，Chiyi Zhe Postal Inspection Charm，Those who reveal the truth are in accordance with the law”。Specifically，The function of the Chai Jia Qing Li Division is to send and receive fire cards and Kanhe，Develop rules for post management and document delivery。There are internal and external divisions in the memorial office，The external performance office meets at the palace gate，Leave it to the Internal Affairs Office，Then it will be submitted to the Emperor from the Internal Affairs Office。Except for the memorials transmitted by the memorial office and local officials through the e-mail system，There is also a good news office，"The palm of the hand took the fold of Chizou and handed it to the palace gate，Send a letter from the Military Aircraft Department、All approvals and discounts are sealed and handed over”。Memories from local officials delivered via post roads，Inspect the delivery situation at the good news station (such as whether there is a detour)，Subsequently forwarded to the Memorial Office。Emperor’s approval or central decision-making，Sent from the Military Aircraft Division to the Good News Division，Then it will be sealed by the Good News Office and sent to the inn，pass to local officials。

The earliest post road in bet365 new customer offer was built in the Jin Dynasty，According to the records of "History of the Jin Dynasty: The Benji of Taizong"，Ding Chou in the spring of the second year of Tianhui，From the capital to Nanjing，Place a post every fifty miles。The first two post roads built in the bet365 new customer offer area during the Qing Dynasty were during the Shunzhi period，With Ninggu Pagoda as the northern end，To Yinggeguan and Jilin Wula respectively。The 22nd year of Kangxi (1683)，To resist Tsarist Russia’s invasion of Northeast China，The Qing government established bet365 new customer offer General，And set up the inn，Additional station staff，“From bet365 new customer offer (city) to Wula, set up ten stations，Fifty postmen，In case of emergency，Galloping on a Mongolian horse，Ordinary matters，Then follow the ten stations to proceed”。The twenty-fourth year of Kangxi，The Qing government decided to establish a line from Jilin to Maoxing，Jing Bu Kui、Morgan，The post road ends at Aihun，Nineteen inns are set up。Yongzheng period，The Qing government successively built the post road from Morgan to Yaksa、Solon Village to Aihun City Post Road、Bukui to Hulunbuir Post Road、Ulan Nuoer to Hulan Post Road, etc.，And in bet365 new customer offer City、Add border defense Karen near Bu Kui City。In addition to strengthening border defense, these measures，It also strengthened the connection between the bet365 new customer offer generals and their subordinate deputy capital yamen。In order to strengthen the connection with Shengjing and the capital，The Qing government also built five post roads connecting the capital in the bet365 new customer offer area, namely the Aihui to Capital Post Road、Bu Kui to Capital Post Road、Zhuketeyi to the Capital Post Road、Auxiliary post road from Caochao to Jingshi and Maoxing to Fakumen post road。These post roads formed the information transmission network in bet365 new customer offer during the Qing Dynasty，This network is connected to Jilin City and Shengjing，Ensuring that the Qing government’s decrees are communicated。

Information exchange in bet365 new customer offer area in the late Qing Dynasty was based on machine printed materials、Modern communication and transportation and other technical means are the media。After the Battle of Yaksa，The society in bet365 new customer offer is relatively stable，Loose management of the station。Towards the end of the Qing Dynasty，The population in bet365 new customer offer is increasing、Frequent wars，The problem of the station is highlighted，Like officers and soldiers harassing the inn、Corruption of station officials、The delivered documents are often dismantled、Backward information transmission methods, etc.。These have led to the reduction of the efficiency of the e-mail transmission system in bet365 new customer offer，Not conducive to maintaining border security。After the Russo-Japanese War，Qiqihar established the first cultural and newspaper bureau in bet365 new customer offer region，Inns will begin to be dismantled in phases，The emergence of modern postal industry in bet365 new customer offer region。

New transportation methods and new information transmission methods will push the e-mail system to the end。Compared with the e-mail system，Railway has an absolute advantage in transporting people and materials。The construction of the Eastern Railway started in the 24th year of Guangxu (1898)，Officially opened to traffic in July of the 29th year of Guangxu。After the completion of the China-Eastern Railway，Substantial capital injection，Business and trade develop rapidly，More than thirty countries have established consulates and banks in bet365 new customer offer。The development of bet365 new customer offer region relies on railways，Opening a port with trade as an intermediary，The rise of modern telegraph industry。The eleventh year of Guangxu，Laying a telegraph line from Fengtian to Hunchun in bet365 new customer offer area；Thirteenth year of Guangxu，Laying a telegraph line from Jilin to Daheihetun；The thirty-second year of Guangxu，Laying a large-area telegraph network，Covering Harbin、Qiqihar、Hulan、Suihua、Bayan、Ai Hui、Hailan Pao、Keshan and other places。Afterwards，In bet365 new customer offer area，Telegraph began to gradually replace the relay system as the means of transmitting urgent military affairs and important tasks。After the Russo-Japanese War，Japan obtained the Kuanchengzi to Lushun section of the Dongqing Railway，And build it into the South Manchuria Railway，Control all telegraph lines within the South Manchuria Railway。Information channels in the Northeast are no longer completely in the hands of the Qing government。

As Deng Xiaonan pointed out，The flow of information in information channels and the processing of key node information reflect the political order and power structure。Information channels in bet365 new customer offer in the late Qing Dynasty showed the following characteristics。First，New and old ways coexist，The trend of modernization is significant。Before the Sino-Japanese War，bet365 new customer offer area has begun laying telegraph lines。The thirty-second year of Guangxu，bet365 new customer offer region begins to establish cultural and newspaper bureaus，Gradually transition to the modern postal system。At the same time，The old relay system gave way to the railway、Modern transportation methods such as highways。The replacement of the old with the new is not completed in one day，The old relay system and the new communication network were more complementary to each other in the late Qing Dynasty。Second，Flexible，The efficiency of information transmission has been greatly improved。About information transmission time limit，Qing government regulations in the 16th year of Qianlong's reign (1751)，No less than three stops per day for official document delivery in bet365 new customer offer area，The date when the bet365 new customer offer general submits the title to the capital shall not be more than the 18th。After the establishment of the Prime Minister’s Yamen，The "Qing Dynasty Conference" stipulates the rules for the delivery of official documents，"When the electricity hits，The message will be translated and delivered to the Military Aircraft Department，Presenting to the Imperial Palace...those who have urgent official matters to report，According to the electric wire, it will reach the yamen."。During the Sino-Japanese Sino-Japanese War，bet365 new customer offer General Yike Tang'a telegraphed the Japanese troops entering the Yalu River on August 23, the 20th year of Guangxu's reign，Order of the Prime Minister’s Office on August 24，Order him to gather his troops。Completed the round trip of important military information within two days，This is something that the traditional e-mail system cannot achieve。Third，The control rights of some information channels have been seized by foreign powers。Although the newspaper bureau and post office are both controlled by the bet365 new customer offer local government，But Russia seized control of the Middle East Railway and Japan controlled the electric wires in the South Manchuria Railway area after the Russo-Japanese War，Resulting in the information channels in bet365 new customer offer being controlled by foreign powers to a certain extent in the late Qing Dynasty。

(Author’s unit: School of History, Culture and Tourism, bet365 new customer offer University)