Editor’s note: General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “China has been in a leading position for a long time in the history of human development，Since ancient times, a complete set of imperial systems including the imperial court has been gradually formed、County bet365 mobile betting、Land bet365 mobile betting、Tax bet365 mobile betting、Imperial examination bet365 mobile betting、Supervision bet365 mobile betting、National bet365 mobile betting and national governance bet365 mobile betting including military bet365 mobile betting and other aspects of the bet365 mobile betting，Learned and imitated by neighboring countries and nations。”Chinese civilization has lasted for thousands of years，Long-term leading position in the history of human development，To a large extent, it benefits from the national bet365 mobile betting and national governance bet365 mobile betting formed during the historical period。The ancient Chinese state bet365 mobile betting and state governance are precious heritage of the Chinese nation。Deeply explore the historical heritage and rich connotations of ancient national systems and national governance，Remove the rough and select the essence，Active sublation，Confidence in the firm bet365 mobile betting and culture，Uphold and improve the socialist bet365 mobile betting with Chinese characteristics，Promoting the modernization of the national governance bet365 mobile betting and governance capabilities has important reference significance。For this，We planned and organized this special plan。

　　The establishment of people-centered doctrine in ancient state bet365 mobile betting

What is the basis of the country，Related to the nature of the country and the direction of its governance，The source of state power is related to the establishment of its legitimacy。These are rooted in the historical and cultural traditions of each nation，Thus forming a common understanding among the general public and being accepted，And take it as a matter of course。China has formed people-oriented doctrine since ancient times，Quite bet365 mobile betting characteristics。

　　Looking at ancient Chinese state governance from the perspective of supervision bet365 mobile betting

In the political bet365 mobile betting and national governance of ancient China，The supervisory bet365 mobile betting plays an important role and status。It mainly includes administrative supervision at both upper and lower levels、Three parts: supervision by professional institutions such as Yushitai and inspection by special envoys from the imperial court，And correspondingly formulated a set of laws and regulations as guidance and norms。For the characteristics, gains and losses of this bet365 mobile betting，The academic community has provided a large number of research results，The following is a brief outline of some of the outstanding issues。

　　The multiple functions of China’s imperial examinations and their modern enlightenment

Before the modern West learned from China’s imperial examination bet365 mobile betting to establish a civil service bet365 mobile betting，The imperial examination bet365 mobile betting is the most advanced bet365 mobile betting for selecting talents in the world。

　　Emperor Wu bet365 mobile betting Han Dynasty’s financial reform and the strengthening of centralization

As a witness to history，Sima Qian summed up Emperor Wu bet365 mobile betting Han Dynasty’s civil and martial arts as: “Repelling the foreign barbarians and Di”，Internal Dharma Code。""Expelling the Barbarians and Di" mainly refers to fighting back against the Xiongnu who continued to invade the south，Remove the military threat from the Huns；“Internal cultivation of laws” refers to perfection、Create a series of systems，Rectify social order，Strengthen centralization。Financial reform is an integral part of “internal repair of laws”，It is also the economic guarantee for "repelling foreigners and barbarians"，It is also the economic basis for strengthening centralization。

　　The continuity of document administration and government operations bet365 mobile betting Tang Dynasty

The operation of ancient Chinese imperial state，Relying on a three-dimensional and direct government document bet365 mobile betting。Relying on documents to realize the document administration of government affairs operations，It reached perfection in the Tang Dynasty。The order documents of the emperors of the Tang Dynasty were divided into two categories: edicts (written documents) and imperial edicts，After establishment through the procedures of three provinces，These order documents need to be issued in the name of the Shangshu Province to the central "divisions in Beijing" and local officials mainly in prefectures and counties。Clerical administration has its own inherent continuity，It is an important mechanism to maintain government affairs at all levels from being interrupted by the flow of officials。

　　“Han and Tang Views” shaped the bet365 mobile betting identity of the Song Dynasty

bet365 mobile betting identity is the basis for political rule to gain legitimacy，The changing bet365 mobile betting identity “needs to seek appropriate forms of expression from local historical and cultural resources”。Discuss bet365 mobile betting identity from the perspective of historical narrative，It is a new topic in the field of political history research。The 10th to 13th centuries were the period when the Central Plains dynasty and the surrounding ethnic minority regimes coexisted，Liao、Song、Xixia、Gold、Meng Yuan is communicating and interacting，Expand the identity construction of respective regimes，In order to enhance the cohesion and social mobilization ability of rule。Song、Liao、The Jin and other regimes took the Han and Tang Dynasties as models，Historical resources for seeking bet365 mobile betting identity from the rule of Han and Tang Dynasties，It is a prominent phenomenon in political culture。

　　The "big history" behind the administrative operations of prefectures and counties bet365 mobile betting Qing Dynasty

Ancient China’s centralized administrative bet365 mobile betting founded in Qin Dynasty，Complete in the Qing Dynasty。Under this administrative bet365 mobile betting，All administrative officials are appointed by the imperial court，There is no bottom-up “local autonomy”。Therefore，Administrative regions at different levels have no independent status，Together with the "Court", they form a unified administrative bet365 mobile betting。In view of this，Through the operation of this unified administrative bet365 mobile betting at any level，Everyone can see through the "big history" - the important characteristics of the "Qin bet365 mobile betting" that has been implemented for more than two thousand years。

　　Will implement the abolition of government reforms bet365 mobile betting late Ming and early Qing dynasties

Appointment of senior officials in the Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty，Mainly divided into two forms: special simplified form and regular recommendation。Special letters are directly appointed by the emperor；The promotion is under the auspices of the Ministry of Personnel，Jiu Qing and the science and technology officials gathered to decide on the nominees，Judgment by the Emperor。Huitui gradually became custom-made during the Chenghua period of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty，The primary form of appointment to become a senior official；It can also be done in a special brief room，It is a supplement to the recommendation，It is also the restriction of imperial power on Huitui。Since Wanli，Due to entanglements in factional politics，Whether Huitui can reflect "public opinion" has caused doubts among scholar-bureaucrats。How to ensure the effectiveness of the selection channels for senior officials，Problems that must be faced when becoming a monarch。To the Kangxi period，The push will eventually be abolished，Changed to be listed by the Ministry of Personnel、The emperor personally ruled。The abolition of Huitui was a part of the administrative reform in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties，It also provides another perspective for rethinking the "Qing Cheng Ming bet365 mobile betting": while the Qing Dynasty inherited the Ming bet365 mobile betting，Also inherited its institutional burdens and reform initiatives，The logic of bet365 mobile betting evolution has not been interrupted by the Ming and Qing dynasties。