The source of Chinese civilization is long，Brilliant and splendid。Excellent civilization gene is the driving force for the endlessness of Chinese civilization，More and more archeological evidence indicates，Three basic features have been formed in the early stages of Chinese civilization。

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The most significant contribution of Chinese archeology in the 20th century is to clarify and build the synonyms and pattern of prehistoric culture，On the basis of this, Su Bingqi's "Zeng Type" theory was born。This theory thinks，The prehistoric culture of the Chinese land is divided into six major districts，That is: north centered on the Great Wall of Yanshan，Oriental centered on Shandong，Yizhong (Shaanxi)、Jinnan、Central Plains centered on Western Henan，The southeast centered on Taihu Lake，The southwest centered on the Huandong Ting Lake and Sichuan Basin，and the south with the first axis with the Poyang Lake -Pearl River Delta。Along with the proposal of this theory，The distribution of the "Star Fighting" of prehistoric civilization and the development model of the "pluralism" of Chinese civilization becomes the academic consensus。

Su Bingqi is emphasizing the "full star fight"，Also pointing out that the type of Yangshao Cultural Temple underworld centered on Huashan stands out，marks the birth of the Chinese people。He emphasized，In the heart of the Central Plains，From Yangshao Culture to the Zhou Jin culture from the beginning of the Spring and Autumn bet365 live casino games Period，It constitutes the straight root system of the total root system of Chinese culture。This actually means，Central Plains Huaxia Civilization is the brightest one in prehistoric civilization。

The 1990s，Professor Yan Civilization of Peking University proposed a civilized pattern of "Dental Flower"，This is the most vivid expression of the unity and diversity of prehistoric culture in my country to date。Similar to Su Bingqi，Yan Civilization also divides the culture of the Neolithic Age of my country into six cultural areas，is: Central Plains Cultural District、Shandong Cultural District、Ganqing Cultural Area、Yanliao Cultural Area、The cultural district of the Yangtze River and Jiangsu and Zhejiang Cultural Area。But he specifically pointed out，The development of these cultural areas is unbalanced、Substitution -the Central Plains Cultural District is Hua Xin，is the first level; the other five cultural districts around the Central Plains Cultural District，is the second level，It is petals; there are many other cultures outside these five cultural areas，belongs to the third level。This，Chinese prehistoric culture formed a centered on the Central Plains，including the heavy -petal flower format of different economic and cultural types and different cultural traditions。This single core、Multi -layered heart structure has bred the basic background color of a unified multi -ethnic country，Lile the main body in the history of the Central Plains in Chinese history，At the same time, condense all ethnic groups around、The centrifugal super -stable culture and political structure of the tribes。

　　Civilization path of rationalization and humanity

The road determines destiny。The core position of Central Bet365 app download Plains Huaxia Civilization，Not only thanks to the superior geographical location，It is evenly to choose a rationalization、The development path of human culture。

During the thousand years from 5000-4000 years ago，That is, the Neolithic Times and the Longshan Culture Times in the Archaeological Times，is the key period formed by Chinese civilization，It is also the layout of the civilized pattern centered on Central Plains。This period，Central Plains Huaxia experienced a road selection，This is the "Jedi Tiantong" recorded by the literature。"Jedi Tiantong" is essentially a religious reform，There are two results: First, "home is the history of witch" to become history，Divine Terminal is monopolized by the worldly aristocratic class; the second is to say goodbye to the previous "enjoyless"，Communicating human god's sacrifice activities becomes rational and orderly。The above two points affect far -reaching，The former reflects the Central Plains Huaxia.、Development path supplemented by divine power; the latter shows that even if he retreats to the secondary position of political life，Religious activities still need to maintain necessary control and rationality。So，Reason、The development path of human culture becomes inevitable。

Look from archeological materials，This period is the era when jade prevails are prevailing，Some scholars even call it "Jade Age"。Wang Guowei once called "the ancients salute with jade"，The original meaning of interpretation of "Li" is "Shengyu uses the God of God"。At the beginning of the ceremony，It is indeed inseparable from the jade。Liangzhu Culture in the Jiangsu and Zhejiang Cultural Area prevail altar，Build a big tomb on the altar，In the tomb, jade is used as the core ceremony;，Hongshan Culture in Yanliao Cultural Area bet365 best casino games also builds Temple and altar，Build a sturdy mound on the altar，The owner of the tomb in the grave is also "only jade and burial"，Yulong is the most respected in the jade ware。There is no doubt，Whether it is the jade of Liangzhu culture，is still the Yulong of Hongshan Culture，Its cultural heritage is a strong divine right group and a strong religious activity。

Shanxi Xiangfen Tao Temple site represents the highest peak of the Central Plains civilization during this period，Now the academic community generally believes that the site of Tao Temple is the place where Yaotu Pingyang is。Tao Temple sites also have more jade wares，But the most important jade ceremony is the jade of the royal power。The same period and later，The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River are also popular with porous big jade knives and Xuan Gui (tooth) and other jade instruments，These large jade gifts and Liangzhu jade and red mountain jade dragons that highlight the god rights are very different，It is the concrete manifestation of the "Jedi Tiantong" in the Central Plains Huaxia Civilization to strengthen the secular royal power。In addition，Tao Temple site also unearthed with unique ritual combinations such as drums and Shi Ji，Open the precedent of Xia Shang on Wednesday, Wednesday, and Music Civilization，With a distinctive humanistic intention。

Xia Dai descend，"Jiuding" becomes the highest symbol of the regime，Ding moves in three generations，Reflects the continuation and inheritance of the same political tradition。During the Spring and Autumn Period, Wang Sunman's so -called "in Germany is not in Ding"，Ding Yide，The latest after the five emperors，The concept of moral politics of Chinese civilization has been established。Emperor "its color depression，Its virtue 嶷嶷 "，Emperor Bet365 lotto review Yao "can tame virtue，A pro -nine tribe "，As for Emperor Shun，"The world of the world is from the beginning of the Emperor Yu"。Yin Zhou Dingge，The concept of Germany is further demonstrated，Western Zhou Bronze 豳 豳，The inscription is based on Dayu's water treatment point，Among them, the word "German" Fan Six Sees。Yin Shang King Mausoleum found in Yinxu，Universal pops and livestock，More than 100 people，Enter the World of Western Zhou Dynasty，The custom of the martyrdom stopped abruptly，Four tombs of the Zhougong family found in the four tombs found in the Zhougong Temple of Qishan, Shaanxi，Among them, there is no custom of people who are not seen，Only this，Syndrome of Zhou Culture's "Yu Luxi"。

　　The civilization process of the family and the country

Zhang Guangzhi once pointed out，During the formation of Western civilization，Blood relationship is gradually replaced by geographical relationships，Politics、Geographical groups occupy more and more ingredients than relatives，The relationship between relatives is becoming increasingly declining;，In the stage of transition in ancient Chinese civilization and the origin of the country，Blood relationship is not only not replaced by geographical relationships，Instead, it is further strengthened，The relationship between relatives and politics is more closely combined。This is undoubtedly a very visible view。

Press the blood relationship group，This is a common choice in the early stages of human society。From the perspective of archeological materials，At the earliest 6000 years ago, Yangshao culture has formed a relatively complete primitive village in the early days.。Shaanxi Lintong Jiangzhai site is a typical of the Clan villages of the Yangshao Times。According to research，Bet365 lotto review The site of Jiangzhai is a matriarchal cell family including five clan，Each clan includes several families，The total population is about 450-600 people。Correspondingly，The cemetery of the same era also reflects the concept of similar importance to blood relationship。If there are two complete large pit sets of small pits in the Yangshao Times Historian Cemetery discovered in Huayin, Shaanxi，Among them, five small combined burial tombs are covered in the number 1 duplex funeral tomb，12 people buried respectively、8 people、10 people、4 and 10 people，A total of 44 people; the No. 2 duplex burial tomb is covered with seven small burial tombs，Buried 7 people、9 people、6 people、6 people、5 people、3 people and 7 people，A total of 43 people。It is generally considered，The small burial tomb in this duplex burial tomb belongs to a family，Multiple families in the same big pit form a clan together。Jiangzhai settlement and Shijia Cemetery，It is the ancient Chinese peers "born similar，Dead Examples of Death "。

Xia Shang has entered a mature class society on Wednesday.，But the bloody family is not only an important social grass -roots organization，The national machine is also in the hands of the family and the big family，Although the nobles participate in political activities，But it is still the influence of its family that determines its political status，The characteristics of the integration of home and the country become increasingly obvious。Archaeological materials in this period，Whether it is the ethnic emblem symbol that frequently appears on the Yin Shang bronze ware，Still the family members of the family，and the widely distributed Shangzhou family cemetery，Both clearly reveal the unique role and prominent position Bet365 app download of the bleeding family in the early social development of China，Furniture is another significant feature in the process of Huaxia civilization。

(Author Unit: Peking University Archaeological Expo College)