Start with philosophers of science discussing the important question of "what is a true scientific explanation"，The question “What is bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation?” also arises in the field of bet365 bonus code 2023 philosophy。While natural science continues to develop forward，His thinking methods have been applied to various fields of social sciences，bet365 bonus code 2023 research does benefit from this。But it is undeniable，From an epistemological perspective，Natural science further squeezes the epistemological space of bet365 bonus code 2023。Compared with natural science explanation，What is the particularity of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation？How is a bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation possible?What are the new developments in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation research？Around these issues，The reporter interviewed Yin Jie, a professor at the Research Center for Philosophy of Science and Technology at Shanxi University。

　　Exploring particularity and normativeness

"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":How should we understand “bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation”?

　　Yin Jie:The problem of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation is one that includes both history，Cutting-edge bet365 bonus code 2023 philosophical issues。Its historicity is mainly reflected in，Many disciplines in the social sciences have a very long history，The birth of these disciplines also produced bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations，bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations actually appeared earlier than natural science explanations。Of course，bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation as a philosophical issue，Mainly appeared after natural science explanation。

"bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation is a cutting-edge issue" mainly refers to，Scientific explanation has always been the core issue in the philosophy of science，The object of discussion is mainly natural science。With the development of social sciences，In particular, social sciences have gradually formed relatively unified categories，Make the problem of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation no longer a philosophical problem of individual bet365 bonus code 2023 disciplines，It is a question of scientific philosophy as an overall category of bet365 bonus code 2023。It can be said，The issue of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation is one of the important research directions in contemporary bet365 bonus code 2023 philosophy，It has an important influence on the philosophy of science and bet365 bonus code 2023 research。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":What do you think，Compared to natural science explanation，In what aspects are the particularities of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation？

　　Yin Jie:The particularity of social scientific explanations is mainly a matter of legitimacy，It can also be said to be the source of its explanatory power。Specifically manifested in several aspects。First, most bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations cannot achieve accurate predictions like natural science。Second, there are various types of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations，And difficult to integrate。Third, bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation cannot avoid the problem of reflexivity。The phenomena explained by bet365 bonus code 2023 include people as the social subject，The social scientist who explains is also a member of society。Therefore，People will question，How can social scientists provide an objective scientific explanation out of its social context？Fourth is the complexity of research on explanation issues in social sciences。Natural scientists face the natural world，Social scientists face the social world composed of people，People involve emotions、Consciousness、Purpose、Complex factors such as motivation and value，bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation involves people and the world、People and others、Three types of relationships between people and society，And natural science explanation only involves the relationship between humans and the natural world。Therefore，bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation problems are more complex and difficult than natural science explanation problems。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":The problem of the source of explanatory power of bet365 bonus code 2023，Is it a core issue in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation？

　　Yin Jie:Yes。But the core issue of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation research，Except for the source of its explanatory power，Also includes normative issues，These two issues are closely linked。Specifically，Mainly includes the following important issues。

First, the issue of causal mechanism in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation。Because regularity standards are too high for bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations，Many scholars have adopted a strategy of weakening the rules，Replace rules with mechanisms，Whether the causal mechanism can provide explanatory power for bet365 bonus code 2023 remains to be explored。

The second is normative issues in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation。Normativity is an issue in the social sciences，It is also a problem in the field of natural science。We can argue that natural science explanations also contain normativity，To demonstrate the rationality of normativity in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation，This is a new idea to solve this problem。

The third issue is the theoretical structure of social sciences。Judging from the current research results，The semantic model describing the structure of general scientific theories is not suitable for social sciences，This is one of the reasons why we proposed the discourse context model。But，The discourse context model is, after all, a model at the epistemological level，What is the specific structure of bet365 bonus code 2023 theory，Or whether there is a relatively unified structure，Still one of the key issues in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation research。

　　Clarifying the debate on core issues

"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation is an important research field in bet365 bonus code 2023 philosophy。current，What is the current status of research on bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation at home and abroad？

　Yin Jie:There are many studies on bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation at home and abroad。early years，Most of the bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation issues are just incidental issues when philosophers of science study general scientific explanation issues。In recent years，With the rise of bet365 bonus code 2023 philosophical research，There have been many papers and monographs devoted to bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation issues。

These studies are roughly divided into three categories。The first category is to study the possibility of applying natural science explanation models to bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations。For example, we have been exploring the applicability of complexity to social sciences from 2013 to 2016，Proposed a complexity model of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation。The second category is the integration of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations into the general study of bet365 bonus code 2023 philosophy，For example, while studying functionalism, it also involves functional explanation。The third category is the study of interpretation issues in specific social disciplines，For example, whether the evolutionary explanation provided by sociobiology is a scientific explanation of social phenomena, etc.。

　　"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":What debates remain about the study of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations?

　　Yin Jie:Although bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation research has achieved some results，But because it is difficult for people to get rid of the influence of natural science and there is great heterogeneity in research methods and objects in various disciplines of bet365 bonus code 2023，Research on core issues such as the source and legitimacy of bet365 bonus code 2023’s explanatory power has not made much progress。Currently，Controversies existing in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation research mainly include the following points。

First, the dispute over the relationship between bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation and natural science explanation。The second is the dispute between society and individual status in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation。The third is the dispute over the applicability of scientific methods in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation。Mainly refers to the applicability of experimental and quantitative methods in natural science to bet365 bonus code 2023。Fourth is the debate over whether there are laws in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation。This debate involves the importance of laws、Connotation、Core issues such as correlation with causality。The fifth is related issues related to the explanation of specific bet365 bonus code 2023 disciplines，For example, the form and nature of historical explanation is one of the core debates in the field of philosophy of history。

It is worth mentioning，In recent years, many domestic scholars have conducted in-depth research on bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation，Produced a number of very valuable research results。Many scholars have proposed，bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation should not just be a choice between naturalism and anti-naturalism，We should break away from binary arguments and find new directions。

　　Introducing the dimension of discourse context

"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":You introduced the dimension of discourse context in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation research methods，No longer takes the subject as the core clue，Turn to the basis of existing contextualism，Using the discourse context that does not rely on subjectivity as the starting point for studying social scientific explanation issues，Provides a new theoretical framework for bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation research。What is the starting point for building this theoretical framework？

　　Yin Jie:The discourse context model of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation is to regard the theories in social sciences and the social phenomena being explained as discourse in the discourse context of social sciences，The process of explanation is the “response” of theoretical discourse to social phenomena。Among them，bet365 bonus code 2023 theory uses the computable action variable set as the core to computably reconstruct social phenomena，Then establishing the logical relationship between social structural elements and calculable action variable sets，Theories and social phenomena enter the discourse context of social sciences as discourse，The discourse context of social sciences has evolved，Explanation activity completed。

There are two starting points for building this model。First, we must get rid of the influence of natural science explanation，Construct a method to demonstrate the legitimacy of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations within the framework of non-natural science explanations。Second, the bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation model under this framework must be compatible with natural science explanation，Instead of opposing or even denying natural scientific explanations。

Taking these two points as the starting point for research，We find that most of the existing bet365 bonus code 2023 explanatory models originate from the natural sciences，Most of these models promise the so-called "invariance of the world" to some extent，That is, the constancy of the natural world，This point obviously cannot be directly used to analyze the changing social world。Therefore，We believe that these explanatory models cannot explain the unique nature and sources of explanatory power of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations in a philosophical sense。So，We turn our attention to epistemology，Return to the dimension of the relationship between people and the world to examine issues of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation。

　"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":What is the research content of this discourse context model?

　　Yin Jie:Our research consists of two parts。The first part uses discourse context to reconstruct the binary relationship of "subject-world"。First step，Transform the existing context concept，Eliminate subjectivity dependence on traditional context，Reconstructing the "subject-world" binary relationship。Proposed by Van Dijk，Discourse and bet365 bonus code 2023 situation are not directly related，The intermediary between the two is context。This is the key to inspiring us to construct the theory of discourse context。We take discourse rather than subject as the basic object，A collection of utterances as a tangible definition of context，And then obtain the concept of context that does not depend on the subject。The binary relationship of "subject-world" is transformed into the triadic relationship of "discourse-discourse context-external world"。Step 2，We need to explain the direct relationship between the discourse context and the external world。We found out，There is actually a normative relationship between the discourse context and the external world，Concepts can only enter the external world under normative guidance，Without normative concepts, practical meaning cannot be obtained。

The second part mainly uses discourse context theory to analyze the process of social scientific explanation。The first step is to discuss the existence and rationality of bet365 bonus code 2023 discourse context。Since the discourse context does not assume the stability of the subject’s cognition，Nor does it assume the immutability of the external world，These advantages serve as an ideal substrate for analyzing bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations。Step 2，Apply normative connections between discourse context and the external world to bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations，Further distinction between behavior and action，Elaborates that social scientific explanations have two characteristics: scientific norms and social norms，It further demonstrates that the essence of social scientific explanation is to combine scientific normativity with social normativity，Binding theoretical concepts to the “normative ship” through interpretation，Provides normativity to the social world，This is where the explanatory power of bet365 bonus code 2023 comes from。

What needs to be explained is，We have not completely given up subjectivity，But give up subjectivity first、Start directly with the discourse that embodies intersubjectivity，Then return to subjectivity with practical significance in the normative relationship between the discourse context and the world，Reconstruct the relationship between the subject and the world through this strategy of "retreating to advance"，Thus we see an intersubjective discourse contextualism。

　　An epistemological solution

"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":Research on discourse context model explained through bet365 bonus code 2023，What conclusion was drawn？

　　Yin Jie:In this study，We use discourse context to make up for the lack of language dimension in bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation problems，At the same time, it also pushes the traditional contextual relationship between words and sentences to the relationship between discourse and discourse context。

We can also see from the model，Experience is transformed into concepts in the discourse context and acquires normativeness with practical significance，This is the essence of normativity；The discourse context is not only the field where knowledge is produced，It is also the main form of presenting knowledge，Exhibiting an intersubjective bet365 bonus code 2023 theory of knowledge；At the methodological level，Discourse context model does not lead to methodological individualism，Reflects the fusion of individualism and holism at the methodological level，It also shows the tension between freedom and determinism in human actions。

The most important thing is，The model shows an equal and essential relationship between bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation and natural science explanation。Because we always want to determine bet365 bonus code 2023 explanations from the perspective of natural science explanations，The consequence of this is that people can only preserve the uniqueness and legitimacy of social sciences in interpretation and understanding。The contextual model demonstrates that both bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation and natural science explanation are processes of using theoretical models to explain phenomena，It is also the interaction between two discourse contexts and the external world，There is no fundamental difference in interpretation between the two。

Discourse context model as a formal explanation model compatible with natural science explanation，Fully illustrates that bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation is also a real scientific explanation。bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation is the same as natural science explanation，They are all scientific ways for us to understand the world，This reflects the scientific nature of bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation；bet365 bonus code 2023 explanation combines scientific norms and social norms，Not only explains social phenomena，It also provides scientific norms of action to the social world or people in the social world，This reflects the explanatory power of bet365 bonus code 2023。Therefore，We provide an epistemological solution to the central question of “how is social scientific explanation possible?”，At the same time, it points to an intersubjective epistemological approach with discourse context as its essential feature。

　　Improving the scientific level of research

"Chinese bet365 bonus code 2023 Sciences Journal":What do you think，What reflections does this research conclusion bring to humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research methods？

　　Yin Jie:Humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research should be oriented towards solving scientific problems，Make full use of emerging technologies，Adopt Diversification、Interdisciplinary research methods，Further enhance the professionalization of research、Scientific level。

First，Humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 sciences should raise scientific questions、Solving scientific problems as the first principle of research。Same as natural science，Humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 sciences also belong to raising scientific questions、Scientific research to solve scientific problems。Humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 sciences must reflect humanistic care，But only the humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 sciences that solve problems can truly reflect humanistic care。

Second，Humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research should look at scientific issues more from a philosophical level。In recent years，The intervention of natural science methods in bet365 bonus code 2023 research has achieved fruitful results，At the same time, it also had a certain impact on the original bet365 bonus code 2023 research。From a philosophical perspective，These new conflicts reflect our new understanding of the world，Rather than denying existing knowledge，Humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research needs to actively adapt to this new change in order to achieve greater development。At the same time，The experience of the development of social sciences also tells us，A good and original humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research must contain a philosophical view of important value。We need to think more about specific scientific issues from a philosophical level，Give full play to the reflection and promotion role of philosophy in bet365 bonus code 2023 research, especially interdisciplinary research。

Third，We must fully understand the opportunities and challenges that new science and technology bring to the humanities and social sciences，Further improve the scientific level of bet365 bonus code 2023 research。The opportunity appears as，These new technologies provide new opportunities for the humanities and social sciences、Powerful research tool，Enable it to obtain information that was impossible to obtain before；The challenge appears as，The impact of new technologies on original bet365 bonus code 2023 theoretical methods，And new social theoretical and practical issues caused by new technologies。Facing these opportunities and challenges，I think efforts should be made from two aspects。First, actively and appropriately use new technologies to improve the accuracy of humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research。Positive and appropriate means that we must actively use new technologies when doing research，We must also correctly understand the status of new technologies，Prevent the use of technology to replace research itself。At the same time，Although the precise predictions of bet365 bonus code 2023 do suffer from some limitations of their own，But this does not mean that bet365 bonus code 2023 does not need to improve accuracy，The social sciences can at least use new technological methods to improve the accuracy of describing facts。Second, some disciplines must develop in the direction of formalization and modeling。I think，Formalization and modeling are important manifestations of the scientific level of a subject。We are not saying that all humanities and social sciences should be formalized、Modeling，But that humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research should not exclude moving in this direction。

　Fourth，Communication issues related to social sciences。Although few people understand the difficult theories of natural science，But natural scientists have done a lot of popular science work，People’s recognition of natural science is very high。Opposite，Many people have prejudices or even misunderstandings about bet365 bonus code 2023 research。A very important reason for this phenomenon is，People don’t understand bet365 bonus code 2023 well enough，This has a lot to do with the dissemination of bet365 bonus code 2023 itself。If we can fully demonstrate the rigor and professionalism of bet365 bonus code 2023，Let people realize that bet365 bonus code 2023 and natural science are both rigorous scientific research，This will be of great benefit to everyone’s understanding and support of humanities and bet365 bonus code 2023 research。