Wang Dewei pointed out in the introduction of "New Theory of Late Qing Novels" that "There is no late Qing Dynasty，Where is the May Fourth Movement”，To express the value of the late Qing Dynasty in the process of Chinese history，And its impact on the May 4th New Culture Movement。The society in the late Qing Dynasty faced major changes unseen in a thousand years，is an important turning point for Chinese society to become modern，The changes and agitation in the late Qing Dynasty，Become the starting point of Chinese modernity。Whether it is Hua Zhi'an's "From the West to the East"，There are still countless books named "West"，Everything talks about the power of the "West" in the dramatic changes in the late Qing Dynasty。bet365 mobile betting are an important medium for spreading Western knowledge，Scholars in the late Qing Dynasty took advantage of this medium，Understanding the West、Learn Western Studies，Reshape one’s own knowledge structure，What’s more important is to find a way to save the nation。

The publication bet365 mobile betting in the Qing Dynasty，Translation from missionaries。1811，Morrison published the first Chinese Western book in Guangzhou，Opened the prelude to the publishing of modern Western books。The publication of early Western books and newspapers was a solution sought by missionaries to break through the Qing government’s restrictions on missionary work。From Morrison、Mi Lian to Medus、Guo Shili、PI Zhiwen，These early missionaries’ Western translations，Mostly religious books，Morrison and others translated the first Bible，And compiled the first "Dictionary"，Laid the foundation for the spread of modern Western books。According to Xiong Yue’s statistics，Before the Opium War，The missionaries published a total of 148 kinds of Chinese and Western books, newspapers and periodicals，114 kinds of religious books。Science、History and geography、Knowledge such as natural history also begins to appear，But the emergence of these non-religious knowledge，To a certain extent, as Guo Shili said，It is to show the Chinese people that the civilization of Western countries is not inferior to that of the East。The spread bet365 mobile betting during this period was mainly one-way，It is the path of missionary，Extremely lacking in acceptance。Affected by the Qing government’s ban，Missionaries cannot preach publicly，Often preach under the cover of other identities，For example, Morrison's public identity was an interpreter for the East India Company，Therefore，The readers bet365 mobile betting are also like missionary activities，Often limited to the surroundings，Mainly middle and lower class Chinese。The translation bet365 mobile betting during this period also showed the characteristics of catering to China: quotes from Chinese sages were quoted to cater to the needs of Chinese readers，Adopt popular language to adapt to the reading needs of the lower class，Using traditional Chinese concepts and language to interpret the content bet365 mobile betting。

After the Opium War，With the opening of the five-port trade，Not only has the number bet365 mobile betting published increased dramatically，Its characteristics have also undergone significant changes。Science books emerge in large numbers，This is directly related to the Chinese people’s need for Western cognition after the Opium War。Whether it is learning from the barbarians and gaining skills to control the barbarians，It is still the theory of the origin of Western learning，Both show the changes in Chinese people’s understanding of the Western knowledge system during this period。The earliest modern works introducing Western astronomy, "Astronomy Questions and Answers" and "A Brief Treatise on Astronomy"，The first advanced mathematics work "Ten Levels of Calculus"，The first Western botanical book "Botany" and other books are representatives bet365 mobile betting in this period。Shanghai became the center of translation bet365 mobile betting during this period，Mohai Bookstore is the representative of Shanghai’s Western Shu translations，Not only a large number bet365 mobile betting are translated and published in the library，At the same time, it also trained the first batch of Western calligraphy translation talents，Li Shanlan、Wang Tao、Guan Sifu and others，all had an important impact on modern China。

From the perspective of a communicator，Scientific knowledge was also the main content of the translation bet365 mobile betting during this period，The "Enhanced Edition of Eastern and Western Studies Records" records more than 800 kinds bet365 mobile betting published before 1902，And divide it into historical records、Gezhi、Arithmetic、Medicine and other 31 categories，Shows the prosperity of translation and publishing bet365 mobile betting in China after the Opium War。Correspondingly, the dissemination target bet365 mobile betting has also shifted from the lower class to the intellectual class，"Provide relatively high-end books for China's more intelligent classes to read" (Wei Lianchen's "Initiative Letter of the Tongshu Association")。After Timothy Richard presided over the Guangzhou Institute，Target the middle and upper-level officials and intellectuals，Have applied to officials at all levels and participated in the provincial examination many times、Giving books to candidates waiting for the general examination。These initiatives have expanded the publication of scientific books and their influence among China’s intellectual class。

At the level of acceptance，Chinese intellectuals also began to take the initiative to get in touch with Western books。Lin Zexu, who opened his eyes to see the world, not only organized the translation bet365 mobile betting and Western newspapers，Also began to learn and accept Western knowledge。Wei Yuan's "Hai Guo Tu Zhi" is the first detailed introduction to Western geography compiled by the Chinese themselves、Books on scientific knowledge，The book was compiled using various Western books that were easily available in China at that time，At the same time, it reflects the Chinese people’s demand and understanding of Western knowledge at that time，Therefore, it caused a great response after publication。The "Additional Edition of Books on Eastern and Western Studies" is dedicated to "Books compiled by Chinese"，These are the results of Chinese people accepting and systematically introducing Western books。Li Shanlan、Wang Tao and others participated as translators in the translation and publication bet365 mobile betting，The influence of Western learning can be seen in them。Wang Tao’s remarks in "Cycle Daily"，And the Western talent training pioneered by Shanghai Gezhi Academy，Both benefited from the early translation bet365 mobile betting and cultivation of Western learning。At the same time，The Qing government at that time also began to actively embrace Western books，Not only have a number of government-run book translation agencies appeared，Ru Jingshi Tongwen Museum、Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau Translation Hall, etc.，There are also some officials who attach great importance to book translation，For example, Zhang Zhidong once used Western books to inform China about Western politics、The Beginning of Western Learning ("Encouragement to Learning·Guangyi")。

bet365 mobile betting missionaries use scientific knowledge as a communication tool，Chinese intellectuals used this to open the door to explore the West，Although the goals are different，The path is similar，Changes in both directions，Making bet365 mobile betting learning represented by science begin to reshape the knowledge structure of Chinese scholars。

After the Reform Movement of 1898，Another huge change has occurred in the spread of Western learning，Exhibiting new characteristics。The first is the unprecedented increase in the number bet365 mobile betting，Failed in the Sino-Japanese War，The whole country is shocked，Western learning has become an important way for intellectual groups to seek salvation from the nation，This realistic demand stimulated the spread bet365 mobile betting。According to incomplete statistics，There were 1,599 translations of various Western books from 1900 to 1911 alone (Xiong Yuezhi's "The Spread of Western Learning to the East and Late Qing Society")，More than 2 times the total number of translations in the past 90 years。The rise of Japan in the Sino-Japanese War also attracted much attention，Triggered the wave of studying in Japan，The largest number of students studying in Japan was 12,000 in 1906 (Li Xi’s "Quiz on the Number of Students Studying in Japan in the Late Qing Dynasty")。The rise of students studying in Japan has brought about a new situation of Western learning coming from the East，A large number bet365 mobile betting translated from Japan。The content of the translation and introduction of Western learning during this period was from science、The pursuit of material aspects such as skills，Turn system、Ideology and other cultural aspects。After the Guimao academic system，Western learning enters various new schools，Borrowing textbooks to be accepted by a wider group of readers。Students studying in Japan have also become an important group in the translation bet365 mobile betting。According to statistics，1880 to 1904，Translation group of students studying in Japan jointly translated Japanese books、About 2204 articles，Among them, more than 60% are in humanities and social sciences (Shao Bao's "Students Studying in Japan and Society in the Late Qing Dynasty")。The tide of studying abroad and the rise of new schools，Making the rise of the new intellectual class to become important recipients and disseminators bet365 mobile betting and Western learning，Western learning changes from a spark to a prairie fire，The dissemination channels bet365 mobile betting have also become diverse，School、Bookstore、Newspapers and periodicals provide convenient ways to obtain Western books，And Reading Newspaper Office、Speech、Lectures and reports contributed to the penetration of Western learning from top to bottom。

The process of dissemination bet365 mobile betting in modern times is also the process of Chinese scholars turning from scholars to intellectuals。Scholars go from rejecting to embracing Western learning，It is the trending choice，It also depends on the boom of Western media。The decadence since the Opium War has made the Chinese see that only Western learning is the way to save the nation。With the abolition of the imperial examination system in 1905，The new education system has increasingly alienated the relationship between scholars’ educational experience and government offices，Professional knowledge training encourages them to turn to professional knowledge。Intellectual people always carefully observe the responsibility of being a "scholar"，So Western learning is not only a medium for them to become intellectuals，This is also the strategy they seek to save the country。Whether it is natural selection in the late Qing Dynasty，Still Mr. Desai Er of May Fourth，Both of them are the pursuit of modern Chinese intellectuals to find a way to save the nation。

There is no bet365 mobile betting，Where is the May 4th Movement?，Not only cultural correlation，It is also a continuous ups and downs in thought，Let China this ancient ship，Coming through five thousand years，Continue to sail towards the long future of history。

　(Author’s affiliation: School of Journalism and Communication, bet365 mobile betting University)