Wang Dewei proposed in the introduction of the "New Novel Theory of the Late Qing Dynasty".，Why come May 4th "，To say the value of the late Qing Dynasty in the history of Chinese history，and its impact on the May 4th New Cultural Movement。In the late Qing Dynasty, society faced a long -term change for thousands of years，It is an important turning point for Chinese society to go to modern times，Changes in the late Qing Dynasty and excitement，The starting point of becoming China's modernity。Whether it is Hua Zhi'an "Since the West East"，It is still difficult to count the "West" book，Nothing is about the power of "West" in the late Qing drama。Western learning books are an important medium to spread Western knowledge，Late Qing scholars use this medium，Cognitive West、Learn Western Learning，Reshape your own knowledge structure，More importantly, to find the way to save death。

Publishing of Western Books in the Qing Dynasty，The translation of the missionary。1811，Mrice Publishing the first Chinese Western Book in Guangzhou，Opening the prelude to the publication of modern West Book。The publishing of the early Western learning books and magazines is a solution that missionaries are seeking to break through the Qing government's missionary restrictions。From Morrison、Metu to Metus、Guo Shili、裨，Western translation of these early missionaries，Most of religious books，Mrice and others translated the first "Bible"，and compiled the first "Dictionary"，laid the foundation for the Bet365 lotto review spread of modern western books。According to the statistics of Xiong Yue，Before the Opium War，148 kinds of Chinese western books and periodicals such as Chinese books and magazines，114 kinds of religious books。Science、Shi Di、Museum and other knowledge also begun to appear，But the emergence of these non -religious knowledge，To some extent, as Guo Shili said，It is to show the Chinese people that are not inferior to the East to the Chinese people。During this period, Western Book Communication is mainly unidirectional，Is the path of missionary，presents extremely scarce situation at the acceptance level。Affected by the Qing government's ban，missionaries cannot public preach，Often missionary with other identities as a cover，Ru Matson's public identity is the translator of East India Company，So，The readers of the Western Book are also like missionary activities，Often limited to the surroundings，mainly Chinese and lower Chinese people。In this period, Western Book Translation also presented the characteristics of China: citing the quotes of Chinese sages to meet the needs of Chinese readers，Using popular language to meet the reading needs of the lower society，Explain the content of Western Books with traditional Chinese concepts and language。

After the Opium War，With the opening of the five -port business，Western book publishing not only increases sharply，The characteristics have also changed significantly。A large number of scientific books emerge，This is directly related to the Chinese people's cognitive needs after the Opium War。Whether it is a teacher's long skills to make Yi，Story of the Source of Western Xue，All present the changes in the cognition of the Bet365 app download Chinese people's knowledge system during this period。In the earliest introduction of Western astronomy in modern times, "Answers Answers", "Astronomy Loi"，The first high math book "Dai Weiji Picking Grade"，The first Western botanical book "Botanical", all representatives of Western books during this period。Shanghai becomes a heavy town of Western Book Translation during this period，Mohai Library is a representative of Shanghai Western Book Translation，Not only a large number of Western books translated and published in the museum，At the same time, the first batch of Western book translation talents were cultivated，Li Shanlan、Wang Tao、Guan Yifu, etc.，has all had an important impact on modern China。

From the perspective of the communicator，Scientific knowledge is also the main content of Western book translation of Western books during this period，"Add East and West Learning Books" records more than 800 various Western books published before 1902，and divide it into historical history、grid、Cou -Student、Medicine 31 categories，The prosperity of the Western scientific books in China after the Opium War was presented。Correspondingly, the propagation objects of Western learning books have also shifted from the lower society to the knowledge class，"Reading more high -end books to Chinese more intelligent class reading" (Wei Lianchen's "Simultaneous Book of the Same Book")。Li Timori presided over the Guangzhou Society，Positioning the work object at the middle and upper level officials and intellectuals，He has repeatedly made officials at all levels and participated in the township test、Candidates who will try, etc.。These measures have expanded the publishing of scientific Bet365 app download books and its influence in China。

At the acceptance level，The Chinese Knowledge Class has also begun to actively contact Western Book。Lin Zexu, who opened his eyes to see the world, not only organized translation of Western Book Western News，Start learning and accept Western Book Knowledge。Wei Yuan's "Sea State Map" is the first detailed introduction to Western geography compiled by the Chinese themselves、Books of scientific knowledge，The editor of the book uses various types of western books that are easy to get at that time，At the same time, the demand and cognitive situation of Chinese people at that time at that time，Therefore, after publishing, cause a large response。"Adding Edition East and West Learning Books" set up "Chinese Collection Book"，These are the results of the Chinese people who accept and systematically introduce Western books。Li Shanlan、Wang Tao and others as translators involved in the translation and publishing of Western books，You can see the influence of Western studies on them。Wang Tao's "Cycling Daily" remarks，and it is in charge of the cultivation of Western talents created by Shanghai Gezhi Academy，All benefited from the early translation of Western Books and Western Xuebi。At the same time，The Qing government at the time also began to take the initiative to embrace the West Book，Not only did a group of official office translation agencies appeared，Rujing Shi Tongwen Museum、Translation Museum of Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau，There are also some officials who value translations，If Zhang Zhidong once used Western Books as Chinese Zhizheng、The beginning of the Western Xue ("Persuasion · Cantonese Translation")。

Western missionaries use scientific knowledge Bet365 app download as a communication tool，The Chinese knowledge class opened the door to explore the West，Different goals，The path is similar，Changes in two -way east -west，Make Western School represented by science start to reshape the knowledge structure of Chinese scholars。

After the Reform Movement of the Wuxu，A huge change in the spread of Western Xue，presents new features。First, the number of Western learning books increases unprecedented，Sino -Japanese War of the Sino -Japanese War Insception，National Zhenli，Western Xue becomes an important way to seek rescue for a knowledge group，The needs of this reality have stimulated the spread of Western books。According to incomplete statistics，Only 1900-1911 translations of various Western books reached 1599 (Xiong Yuezhi's "Western Xue East and Late Qing Society")，More than 2 times the total number of translations over the past 90 years。The rise of Japan in the Sino -Japanese War of Japan also attracted much attention，Treating the tide of Japan，The largest number of students in Japan reached 12,000 in 1906.。The rise of the tide of studying in Japan brings a new situation that Western learning comes from the east，A large number of Western learning books are translated from Japan。The content of Western Xuejiajie during this period is from science、Founding at the material level of skills，Steering System、Thought and other cultural levels。After the study system of Guizhen，Western Xue entered various new schools，It is accepted by a more wide range of scholars through textbooks。Students studying in Japan have also become an important group for Western Book Translation。According to statistics，from 1880 to 1904，The translation group of students in the Bet365 lotto review rest of the Japanese translated Japanese books、About 2204 kinds of articles，There are more than 60%of the humanities and social sciences (Shao Bao's "Student and Society in the late Qing Dynasty")。The tide of studying abroad and the wind of the new school school，The rise of the new knowledge class becomes an important recipient and disseminator of Western books and Western learning communication，Western Xue changed from the fire of the stars and changed to the original，The spread of the Western Book has also become diverse，School、Bookstore、Newspapers and magazines all provide a convenient way for the acquisition of Western Books，Reading Institute、Speech、Lectures, etc.。

Modern Western Book Communication process is also the process of Chinese scholars from scholars to intellectuals。Stadent's from refusal to embrace，is a choice of tendency，It also depends on the booming of the Sexual Media。The decline since the Opium War made Chinese see that only Western Xue is a way to save death。As the imperial examination system was abolished in 1905，The new educational system makes the relationship between the educational experience of the reader and the government's public office is becoming more alienated，Professional knowledge training prompted them to turn to professional knowledge people。The knowledge person always keeps the responsibility of "Shi"，Therefore, Western Xue is not only the medium of their intellectuals，It is also the strategy of saving the country they seek。Whether it is the late Qing Dynasty, the game，Is the May 4th Mr. Deya II，None is the pursuit of a modern Chinese knowledge person to find the way to save death。

No late Qing，Hebai May 4th，Not only cultural Bet365 app download front and back causes，It is also ideological up and down，Let China's ancient ship，Come through 5,000 years，Continue to drive to the long future of history。

　bet365 best casino games