Recognize and respect the right of individuals or specific groups of people to learn and use their own bet365 premier league odds，And solidify and implement it in the form of laws or regulations，In the past thirty years, it has developed into a professional research field and thematic discussion category internationally。The influence of this discourse system constructed by related discussions is still expanding，Occupying a central position in Western sociolinguistic circles and public discussions，Some Western scholars even believe that rights-based bet365 premier league odds policy is replacing traditional bet365 premier league odds planning。In today’s international environment of academic discourse，We should strengthen research on it and take an independent attitude to observe the Chinese bet365 premier league odds and national conditions，To avoid being coerced by Western-centric discourse。

　　Construction of the concept of Western bet365 premier league odds

In the West，The concept of bet365 premier league odds has developed rapidly mainly after the 1990s，Have certain practical and theoretical background。There are two main realistic backgrounds: one is the death of languages ​​and species extinction on a large scale around the world；Second, the language issue has caused fierce conflicts in Western political life，For example, violent ethnic conflicts in Central and Eastern European countries and resistance to language assimilation by immigrant groups in various countries。Theoretical background can also be summarized into two: First, the rise of multiculturalism，Promote “the cultural and material prosperity of diverse groups”；The second is the development of human rights thought，Including the dramatic improvement of human rights status、The core demands shift from the right to freedom to the right to equality, etc.。

The argument for the concept of "bet365 premier league odds" in Western academic circles is mainly conducted from the perspective of ecological perspective and human rights perspective。The theoretical basis of the former comes from ecolinguistics: first, the language living environment is compared with the ecological environment in which biological species live，Propose that a diverse ecology is more dynamic；The second is to connect the death of language with ecological deterioration，Believe that protecting language can improve the ecological environment。This leads to the importance of language diversity，Furthermore, endangered languages ​​should have the right to be protected。The latter argument is based on the human rights principle of "equality and non-discrimination"，Aims to prove bet365 premier league odds as a basic human right。There are two different routes: one is the universalist route，Proposed that language is a core personal identity feature，It is a basic right enjoyed by all people；The second is the “minority” rights line，Propose language as a decisive core identity characteristic of "minority" groups，is an important basis for their identity，Should be given special protection。These two lines of argument for human rights reflect the difference between individualism and collectivism in the way of protecting rights，That is, whether bet365 premier league odds should be protected through individual rights or collective rights。It is generally believed that collective rights are more positive protection，However, the collectivism here is obviously not thinking from the national level，But a small group、Think about the problem in a small group。When between different small groups，Or when there is competition or conflict between a small group and a large group，Negotiation in line with democratic procedures is required。

The connotation of the concept of “bet365 premier league odds” has not yet been fully established internationally，In the right subject、There is no final conclusion on core issues such as the content of rights and the subject of obligations。From an ecological perspective, the subject of rights should be language itself，But dialects are not included yet；From a human rights perspective, it should be a language user，Has both personal and collective dimensions。Right content is generally divided into tolerance and promotion rights，The right not to be interfered with and the right to receive active support。The current focus of the debate is mainly on the collective dimension of promotional rights，That is, minority groups are in education、Administration、The right to use its language in public areas such as the media。The obligated subject can be a minority language user，But obviously speakers of dominant languages ​​within the same community should also bear corresponding responsibilities，As far as organizational implementers are concerned, it is generally believed that the government should bear more responsibilities。

There is also controversy over the positioning of bet365 premier league odds within the legal framework。The existing international legal framework does not recognize the independent status of bet365 premier league odds，Only indirect protection can be provided through relevant laws。Some people in the academic community think that，Language right is a self-evident natural right，That is a basic human right，Should be recognized in international law；Someone also pointed out，bet365 premier league odds are a specific right，It is the application of human rights principles in specific situations，Using existing human rights laws is sufficient protection。There are other opinions，The issue of bet365 premier league odds is essentially a political issue，Incorporating bet365 premier league odds into the human rights framework will cut off the retreat from political solutions，Therefore the human rights path is not supported。

Given that language carries important political and economic value，Closely linked to national identity，The topic of bet365 premier league odds is often instrumentalized: nation-state governments rely on domestic political needs，Use it as a way to alleviate ethnic conflicts、Means to maintain the national identity of ethnic minority groups within the territory。

　　The practice of bet365 premier league odds in Western countries is far from perfect

The United Nations actively calls on all countries to protect and promote minority languages ​​within their borders，Some UN experts also pointed out，This should be regarded as a human rights obligation；But in view of the sensitivity of rights topics and ethnic issues，And taking into account the operability in actual implementation，The work of the United Nations is basically carried out under the goal of promoting cultural diversity，bet365 premier league odds are rarely used as an independent concept。The United Nations has so far failed to adopt an international declaration on bet365 premier league odds，Only adopted the Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity (2001)。The first World Language Resources Protection Conference held by the United Nations in my country in 2019 and the "Yuelu Declaration" adopted，Also with the theme of “Protecting Linguistic Diversity”。

In the early 1990s, Europe adopted the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ​​(1992) and the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1994)，Established one of the most complete regional systems for the protection of minority bet365 premier league odds in the world。Yet even in Europe，Because ethnic issues are extremely sensitive，And the linguistic “minorities” and the ethnic “minorities” often overlap，Therefore, regional international organizations such as the European Commission and the European Union are more cautious in handling bet365 premier league odds。In their specific work, they include the protection of "regional and minority languages" as part of their human rights work，However, in official documents and public propaganda, the promotion of cultural diversity is the main discourse，carefully avoids recognizing bet365 premier league odds as a human right。The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ​​expressly states that it does not involve any rights of the persons concerned，The target of protection is the language rather than the language users，Excludes dialects，On the premise that the status of the official language is not endangered。Regional international organizations led by Western European countries adopt this political strategy，On the one hand, it is to avoid unpredictable consequences caused by the combination of language issues and ethnic issues，On the other hand, it also allows it to require Central and Eastern European countries to implement strict minority protection standards，But don’t set yourself up with obligations that you can’t get rid of。

Still taking Europe as an example，Governments of various countries have accepted multicultural ideas to a certain extent，Promote language diversity，But the vast majority of countries have not given up on maintaining "one country、The language pattern of "one language"。For example, France has not yet signed the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities，The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages ​​has also not been ratified。In Central and Eastern Europe，Although various countries have established a complete legal framework for the protection of minority languages ​​under pressure from Western countries，But in fact, the government cannot allocate sufficient social resources for the full implementation of relevant laws。And in the United States、Add、Australia and other immigration countries，Every explicit or implicit measure is adopted to ensure the absolute dominance of English，Adopt restrictive policies regarding the bet365 premier league odds of indigenous people。For example, Arizona in the United States implements one of the most stringent language education policies in the United States，Promote English education，Parts of the state are an important part of the Navajo Nation reservation。

　　Building a bet365 premier league odds protection system with Chinese characteristics

Overall，bet365 premier league odds are a derivative of a Western-centric discourse system，The specific connotation and legal status are not yet very clear。The academic circles in our country are neither turning a blind eye to this，There is no need to blindly pursue it，Research in this field should be strengthened，In-depth understanding of its theoretical propositions and practical gains and losses。

Chinese scholars are conducting relevant research，A few points should be noted: First, although the bet365 premier league odds discourse paradigm is actively supported by the United Nations and other international organizations，But it has not yet been incorporated into binding international legal documents as an independent concept，Not even recognized in the form of soft law (such as international declarations, etc.)；Second, we must note that promoting Mandarin in the context of our country is not inconsistent with protecting bet365 premier league odds，In fact, learning the official language is one of the earliest core elements of the concept of bet365 premier league odds，Most European countries have basically completed the popularization of official languages ​​among ethnic minority groups in the 20th century；Third, my country’s concept of minority language protection based on the principle of “ethnic equality” is not only compatible with the Western bet365 premier league odds discourse system，And it is more advanced than Western countries in terms of moral standards and historical practices。We should strengthen the construction of our own theoretical system，Form a bet365 premier league odds discourse system that is in line with the interests of people of all ethnic groups in our country，Promote the healthy development of language life and social harmony in my country。

　　(Author’s unit: School of Foreign bet365 premier league odds, Yangzhou University)