Language is the most important communication medium of human beings。Experience of interpersonal communication indicates，If you use a unified language or the homogeneity of the language used，It is conducive to the smooth progress of communication; otherwise, it will cause a certain degree of obstacles。This involves the problem of language unity and language diversity。Studies in the academic community show，Language diversity is related to the development of the country's economic and social development: if a country or society uses a unified language as a communication tool，will help promote the development of economic and social; otherwise, it is not conducive to promoting the development of economic and social。Our research discovery，The relationship between language diversity and economic and social development is not so simple。

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The impact of language diversity on national economic and social development，As early as the 1950s and 1960s, it attracted the attention of American scholars。Empirical research based on large -scale survey data，Fishman and POOL have published two well -known reports。Fishman uses the category data of global countries in the "World Politics and Social Indicators" and "Trip of various countries"，Use a dual method，Compared with a series of social and economic indicators of language homogeneity and language heterogeneity。Research Discovery，In the mortality rate、Women's expectations of life、GDP、Government income、Higher Education Admission Rate Rate、Political democracy bet365 live casino games and TV、Number of radios and newspapers, etc.，Language homogeneous countries are significantly better than those of language heterogeneous countries。

Pur compiled the language diversity of 133 countries and data of the total domestic product per capita，Use a scattered point to represent the static relationship between the two sets of variables，It is found "A country with extremely complicated language is always underdeveloped or semi -developed，and a highly developed country always has a high degree of language unity "。This conclusion was the "Fishman -Purist", which was widely known later。

Pur studies pointed out that the diversity of language will not only exacerbate political localism，Obstructing the country's unity、Regional multi -ethnic integration and cooperation between groups，Obstruct adaptation to advantageous culture、Support and participation of the regime，Reduce government work efficiency and political stability，It will also hinder the spread of professional flow and new technologies，The speed of reducing economic efficiency and economic development。Zhou Qingsheng thinks based on this，"The diversity of language，No matter what kind of situation belongs，All will hinder the development of politics and economy "。Can't help but say，On the question of how to view language diversity，This is obviously a very negative attitude。

　　"Attacking Potal" reflects new social and economic changes

For the past half a century，The international political and economic pattern and language diversity have undergone tremendous changes。In recent years，World Bank、United Nations Development Planning Department、UNESCO、"World Language" released by the American International bet365 live casino games Language Research Center，More accurate and complete statistics on the economic and social development and language diversity of countries around the world。To verify the "Fishman -Purist"，More accurately revealing the relationship between language diversity and national economic and social development，We selected the human development index from the 2017 statistics from 189 countries and regions issued by the United Nations Development Planning Office、Average life expectancy、Average education time、Five data including the average expected education time and per capita national income as the national economic and social development indicator，At the same time, the language diversity index of the same year of "World National Language" was selected，Analysis of the correlation between the language diversity and economic and social development of various countries in the world。

Analysis results show，From the general point of view，Language diversity and the national economic and social development index indeed exist in correlation，But some data do not support the "Fershman -Pur hypothesis"。Pur about "A country with extremely complicated language is always underdeveloped or semi -developed，And a highly developed country always has a high degree of language unity ".，Many anti -examples have appeared in more than half a century later，That is, there are a considerable part of the country with economically developed and high language diversity。If in the top 5 countries with the highest per capita national income，There is Qatar、Singapore、Brunei、Kuwait and other countries with high language diversity。

The scattered point map of the relationship between language diversity and per capita national income，We found that its correlation shows two different distribution characteristics: countries with a per capita national income of 20,000 US dollars present a very obvious Bet365 lotto review negative correlation relationship，countries with a per capita national income of 20,000 US dollars present a completely opposite positive correlation，That is, there is an interesting "inflection point" phenomenon。To find the accurate critical value of the inflection point，We divided the countries that are counted as high -income countries and low -income countries:，The range of $ 10,000 at $ 20,000，Set a critical value for $ 1,000 per distance，Calculate the language diversity of language below the critical value and countries above the critical value and the correlation coefficient of per capita national income。Calculation discovery，The accurate critical value of the inflection point is 17,000 US dollars，Countries lower than 17,000 US dollars，Economic and social development is negatively related to language diversity; countries with higher than 17,000 US dollars，Economic and social development and language diversity are positive。That is to say，Middle income countries below the inflection point，The correlation between its language diversity and per capita national income still meets the "Fishman -Pur hypothesis"; high -income countries above the inflection point，The correlation between its language diversity and economic and social development shows a trend opposite to the "Fishman -Pur hypothesis"。This can be seen，Between language diversity and economic and social development as a whole is a segmentation correlation with the inflection point as a sign，countries below the inflection point are negative correlations，Countries above the inflection point are positive。We call this analysis conclusion as "turning point hypothesis"。

　Correctly treat the "inflection point" phenomenon

The above analysis results show，There is indeed a certain degree of association between the language diversity and the variables of economic and social development，However, this association will show different trends bet365 Play online games due to different development stages of the country。"Fishman -Pur hypothesis" is proposed，Most of the world's economic and social development appearance and language pattern have undergone tremendous changes，New recent statistical analysis data also supports "inflection point hypothesis"。Two types of "inflection points"，Language diversity and economic and social development show the opposite correlation trend。Language diversity and stages of economic and social development，It reflects the dynamic relationship between language diversity and per capita national income in different economic development stages，And this relationship will still be subject to specific politics、Society、Region、Cultural and other factors common effects，and under the common action of these factors。

On the one hand，We see that due to the different stages of economic development between countries，Language diversity will present a very complicated or even different relationship with the economic and social development index of various countries。On the other hand，We should also see that the correlation between the segments between language diversity and economic and social development is just a probability trend，Not an inevitable causal relationship，At the same time, it will be affected by many other factors。

Keeping language diversity is a symbol of harmonious language ecology。Protection and promotion language diversity is attracting the attention of UNESCO and governments of various countries。September 2018，The Chinese government, together with the UNESCO, successfully held the first World Language Resources Protection Conference，published the "Yuelu Declaration" with the theme of "protecting language diversity"。At the same time，Countries must also be based on their economic and social development，Scientific research judgment various changes in the internal bet365 live casino games and external parts，Pay close attention to the interaction between language diversity and economic and social development，Develop positive language policies，Scientific language management，Promoting the synchronous and sustainable and healthy development of language life, economic and social synchronization。Singapore provides examples for the international community。Singapore's language diversity is as high as 0.761 ("World National Language"，2017），But the per capita national income and human development index are in the forefront of the world。This is because the Singapore government has formulated a positive language policy，Carried out effective social management，Both protection and promotion of language diversity，It has not caused a negative impact on economic development and social stability。As Fishman said，"Only in the case of formulating positive policies，The language at the political level will have a positive impact "。

　(This article is the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" scientific research plan of the National Language Commission in 2019, "Research on the Construction of Urban Language Civilization Construction in the New Era" (ZDI135-100)

(Author: Nanjing Xiaozhuang College Literature; Nanjing University Institute of Education、China Language Strategy Research Center)