In a letter from the prison wrote from the end of 1943 to August 1944，Dietrich bonhoeffe，1906-1945) Inheritance of Enlightenment Spirit，Humans who advocate age are moving towards a "comprehensive era of no religion"。In such a religious era，He proposed to make "non -religious interpretation" for Christianity。Peng Hofeel's new method of religious issues，Since its prison, it has been published in 1951 with the title of "Resistance and Oeds"，Quickly aroused widespread interest in the world academic circles。

Chinese academic community's interest in Penghofer is also triggered by the translation of the letter in prison。The early 1990s，"Christian Cultural Review" first published the newly translated Peng Hofele's "Book of Prison in Prison" by mainland scholars，The subsequent complete translation income is a series of "Religion and World" edited by He Guanghu。This translation quickly caused an response，Especially Peng Hosh's "non -religious interpretation" for Christian religion，The entrance to the study of Christian scholars by Chinese scholars is。But Chinese Penghofer researchers only pay attention to studying his late literature，Research interests are concentrated in the "Non -religious interpretation" that can talk to the humanities discipline。But，Plastic literature of Penghofer ("Ethics" and "Books in Prison") are all disabled，It is difficult to help scholars make up for Penghofer's complete religious critical ideological map。Another，Scholars often misunderstand for English translation，If the concept of "Diesseitigkeit/Weltlichkeit", which has a key role in understanding the "interpretation of non -religious interpretation", is equivalent to "Saekularismus"，Mistakes that Penghofer advocates secularism。

The connotation of "non -religious interpretation" is correctly understood，Three problems must be solved first。First，The bet365 live casino games coherent problem of Penghofer religious thought。Penghofer's discussion on religious critical issues is mainly concentrated in his late literature，Especially in "Book of Books in Prison"，So scholars have questioned the coherentity of his thoughts。Penghofer's religious criticism，Especially the "non -religious interpretation" view of Christianity，Can it be attributed to the "broken evolution" of his thoughts? Since the 1950s，Scholars argue about this problem，Scholars represented by the University of Heidelberg's GERHARD EBELING and Micheal Welker at the University of Heidelberg believe that the criticism of religion in the late work of Penghofer has obvious "Apocalypse theory" in religion. Color (Elin)，It is believed that its thoughts were produced in a "last -day theory" (Welke)。Penghofer's thought is a reflection of the sharp transformation of its survival reality，Especially he gradually lost his hope in prison，Therefore, the thinking will become increasingly aggressive。But，This view stems from incomplete mastery of Penghofer's first -hand literature。With 1986 Penghofer's complete criticism (Dietrich Bonhoeffer Werke) began to compile，More and more of Penghofer's early literature assembly and publish。Through the study of the early literature of Penghofer，Scholars who hold a positive attitude towards his ideological continuity gradually occupy the wind。On the issue of religious critical，Scholars have found that the criticism proved by the Pattoor of Patto Phasee has sprouted in its professor's qualification paper "AKT UND Sein"。But there are still many controversies for "non -religious interpretation"，This method is indeed unique to his late literature，But Penghofer used the concept of "this world" of "non -religious"，However，Derived from Penghofer's reading of Heidegger and accepting the concept of "World" in Heidegger。On the other hand，Some early documents related to Penghofer related to the concept of "this world"，Especially his early letters and lectures have Bet365 app download not received much attention。

The second problem that urgently needs to be solved is the uniform problem of Pomofal's religious thought。Is there a unified view of religion? In other words，His understanding of religion contains rich internal levels? Before the 1980s，Scholars only master the advanced literature of Peng Hofele，I can only put together the overall image of the religious criticism of Penghofer in the "Book of the Prison" about religious issues and notes。Representatives in this area are Ernst Feil of the University of Munich。Phil believes that Penghofer's religious concept has its specific connotation，Peng Hofele was influenced by German conceptual thinkers，Thinking of religious concepts in the argument of philosophical epistemology in modern times。Therefore，Peng Hofer only restricts religion in the priority of religion's religion (DAS RELIGIOESE A Priori Des Menschen) itself。But，Different religious expressions in the early literature of Penghofer in the early literature of Penghofer，Peng Hofele's views on the context of interdisciplinary context have gradually been recognized。Penghofer's religious concept should not be understood in the conceptual sense，Observation of religious phenomena，Use comparative religious teaching、A variety of methods such as sociology and other disciplines。

The third question that must be considered is the source of thought of Pomofal's religious criticism。Scholars have seen the contact of Penghofer's religious critical thought and the contact of the religious critical thought of Karl BARTH in Swiss thinker。But，Since Penghofer religious thought has its inner multi -level structure，Can his thoughts be attributed to "variants of Bart's religious thoughts" (Woolstberg)? If you do not ignore the coherent nature of Penghofer's religious thought，It is not just looking for the source of the critical thinking of Penghofer in advanced literature，I will find that Peng Hofel is not just Bart's inheritor。He has consciously became the critic of Bart bet365 live casino games since he was written for a doctorate dissertation。Can't deny，He is deeply influenced by Bart，But he has always maintained the uniqueness and originality of his thoughts。He has repeatedly worked with Nietzsche in the early literature、Ferbaha、Maximum critical theory of Marx and others，And is deeply taught by these great German thinkers。

To truly understand "non -religious interpretation"，It must be first distinguished from the different levels of religious critical connotation at the different levels of Paifell in the Book of Books in Prison，Based on its early works，Digging Penghofer's thoughts on the criticism of religious criticism。Reading Penghofer from April 30th to August 1944 and August with his close friend Eberhard Bethge，It can be found that he actually gave two very different religious criticisms。

One，As Fil said，Peng Hofele regards religion as a spiritual phenomenon from the perspective of epistemology。Religion is the sum of the metaphysical argumentation of the "DAS RELIGIOESESESE Apriori" based on human beings。In "Book of Prison"，Peng Hofele claims in a near -monotonous way，"The whole Christian preaching and theory are built on a person's religious priority"。He thinks，Religion that takes religion as the foundation is a phenomenon of spiritual history，It "restricted by historical conditions，It is the spiritual expression form of an outdated person "，and it is no longer applicable today。Brief words，Religion -that is, historically based on epistemology、Explore the theoretical sum of the awareness ability of the transcendence of the person -has lost its effectiveness of the human spirit today。From this，Peng Hofele made the judgment of human beings that have entered the "comprehensive era of no religion"。Penghofer's religious criticism must be combined with its early works，can it show its academic quality。Peng Hofele was early in the second academic work，That is，Debate with the religious view of German conceptual theory in detail，Especially with Bet365 app download the book "Concept of Religion" with the famous German religious scholar Brunstaed at the time，and start a criticism of the German concept of conceptual religion from the perspective of epistemology。German conceptual concept of religion believes that people have a cognitive mechanism beyond experience- "religious priority"，It is this mechanism that makes the knowledge of the surpass become possible。Penghofer believes that this religious definition of "innerlichkeit" and the relevant God's proof should be denied。

Its two，Penghofer believes that it is necessary to develop the "non -religious interpretation" of Christian religion。He is deeply affected by Nietzsche，Lien Nietzsche's criticism of the evasion of the Western Christianity in the West，This is the second meaning of Penghofer's religious criticism。In "Book of Prison"，Peng Hostel affirmed the positive significance of "a complete non -religious era"，In his opinion，The development of human history starting from the 13th century Renaissance should be understood as a history of human autonomy。In the field of all human beings，People gradually get rid of God as a crisis，and God of all human rational exploration work as the premise and assumption。Penghofer thinks，Science of all human beings、Art、Humanities、In the field of political and social，The world is constantly discovering its own self -sufficient and adult，No monitoring。Adhering to the historical view of the baptism of enlightenment，Penghofer actively evaluated the world in the Contest sense。But he did not give up his specific previous setting，Still wanting to find out that it is different from escaping this world、Another true religion of the past Christianity of the adult world is not recognized，and regard "the world of Christ and the age" as the most important theme for thinking about late thinking。He believes that real religion must have a "deep eineafe diesseitigkeit"。Therefore，In the Book of Books in Prison, a Peng Hofill admires the religious view of the Bet365 lotto review Jewish nation in the Old Testament，Because their beliefs and present life have never been split。

The formation of Peng Hofer's concept of "this world" is closely related to his early reading and absorption of the reading and absorption of modern German religious critical thoughts。Early Penghofer's reading and acceptance includes but not limited to the following literature: Heidegger's "Existence and Time"、Falbaha's "The In essence of Christianity"、Marx's "" Introduction to the Critical Critical Criticalness of Hegel France "and Nietzsche's" Charatistera said "。Peng Hofele proposed in the Book of Books in Prison to make a "non -religious interpretation" for Christ religion，He uses "this world" to explain non -religious nature。"This World" is different from "secularity"，It is the core concept obtained by Penghofer's development of Heidegger's "world" concept。Penghofer is active with Ferbaha、Marx、Nietzsche's religious critical theoretical dialogue，Reflection of the relationship between people and the world with religious alienation。On the one hand, he comes from the theory of knowledge、Political Economics and other angles criticize religion，On the one hand, "the world" is defined as a rich and diverse shore that people live in them，And it is definitely not the other side but the world on this shore is at the center of sacred time and space。It is the relationship between people and the world，Peng Hofele criticized religion，It is believed that religion should not ignore the sacred、interactive relationship between people and the world of this shore。The meaning and vitality of the real religion lies not in the world of illusions，but in the rich and diverse shore life of people。On the basis of "this world"，Penghofer re -constructed the connection between the world and sacred。

Peng Ho Ferr regards the Microex of the German conceptual concept as the basis for his religious death in his prediction of spiritual history，This is obviously logical errors; his prediction of the 20th century is the reality of the return of religious conservatives for the Bet365 lotto review reality of religious conservatism。But Pomo Ferr's "non -religious interpretation" based on the concept of "this world" has its profound ideas，Based on his reflection and acceptance of his reflection and acceptance of religious critical theory in the 19th century。His core doctrine of all religions -real world and world -world relations -religious critical，The criticism of the "religion on the other side" that escapes the real world is still very realistic，It has the meaning of reference for our understanding and response to religious thoughts, especially religious extremism, especially religious extremism today。

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