Pre -Qin Confucian sons quoted poems, not "referring to quoting"，Nothing to "break the poem" at will，They quote poems in the process of generating their thoughts world，The result of rational transportation，With its own unique generating logic，This has formed two traditions of quoting poems in pre -Qin Confucianism。Among them, "Interpretation" quotes poetry tradition，Pay attention to the melting of poetry and poetry, poetry, poetry, and the text of the text of the text of the text;，Then emphasizes the interdependence of poetry and poetry and other structures of the text of the text。

The pre -Qin sons, especially in the pre -Qin Confucian literature，There are a lot of quotes of poetry text。These poetry texts can be roughly divided into two categories，One is to quote poems in the sentence，12 "Mozi" quotes 12 poems，"The Analects of Confucius" quotes 7 poems，"Mencius" quotes 37 poems (of which 7 are ranked at the end of the sentence)，"College" in "Book of Rites" 12 poems、"The Golden Mean" quotes 16 poems、"Confucius" quotes 5 poems。The other is to quote poems at the end of the sentence，Rukongmen Literature unearthed literature "Guo Dian Chu Tomb Bamboo Slip · Yisha Yi Yi" quotes 24 articles，"Filial Scripture" quotes 10 poems，All are listed at the end of the sentence; "Xunzi" quotes more than 80 poems，Almost all ends with "quoting poetry+this predicate"。These two poetic texts have their own characteristics，A kind of "Mencius" as the representative，List the cited poem in the sentence，There is a corresponding poetic interpretation after quoting the poem; one is represented by "Xunzi"，End with "Quoting Poetry+This Poetry"，Conclusion of the text of poetry with this evidence。Based on these two types of poetry text，We speculate that in the classic literature of the pre -Qin Confucianism，There are two different traditions of poetry，The tradition of referring to poetry for "interpretation" represented by "Mencius"，The tradition of poetry of "Certificate" for "Xunzi" is represented Bet365 lotto review by "Xunzi"。These two traditions of quoting poetry not only profoundly affect the ideological traits of pre -Qin Confucianism，It has also become an important part of the tradition of pre -Qin Confucianism and poetic thoughts。

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"Interpretation" in the pre -Qin Confucianism quotation text，It is a further interpretation of the cited poems，So there is almost a connector that it is almost common，Connecting poems and interpretation parts。Most of this connector is a word that is similar to "reason" and "predicate"，Taking the text of "Mencius" as an example，connecting words similar to "predicate"，"Word" once ("King Liang Hui")、"Titles" twice ("King Liang Hui" "" Teng Wengong ")、"This" 2 times ("Below Liang Hui")、"Confucius Yue" 3 times ("Gongsun Ugly", "Li Lou Shang", "Costing");，"Mencius" quotes poetry text，"So" 4 times ("King of Liang Hui", "Liang Hui", "Tzuzi")、"Yes" 1 time ("King Liang Hui")、"So" twice ("Tuzi")、"Fang and" once ("Teng Wen Gong Shang")。

This "interpretation" quotation text，There is still a significant feature，There are one or more core words derived from poetry，At the same time, it appears in other structures of poetry text。Still taking the text of "Mencius" as an example，Quoting poems "Yongyan to match，Two times for self -blessing，As mentioned earlier, there are "self -seeking" and "reflection" ("Gongsun Ugly" and "Li Lou Shang"); "Rong Di is，Jing Shu is punishment 2 times，After all, there are "膺" ("Teng Wen Gong Shang" and "Teng Wengong");，Its life is new "，In the later, there is "the country of the new son" ("Teng Wen Gong Shang"); the poem "Who can hold the heat，Do not pass away "，The previous article has "Keeping heat" and "Yimi" ("Li Lou Shang")，Quoting poem "Wang Heshn，爰The whole travel，To curb 徂，Evo Zhou，To the world "，Later, use 2 "anger" ("Liang Hui"); "Naijimu Cang，Nai wrapped grain，Yu 橐。Sihuan uses light。Gong Yishang，Qian Ge Qi Yang，爰 Fang Qixing "，Later, there are "accumulating warehouses" and "food wrapping" ("Liang Hui"); quote poem "Don't forget，Rate from the old chapter "，In front and rear articles, there are "law" and "Bet365 lotto review chapters" ("Li Lou Shang"); the poem "The Fang of the Heaven，Unbearable leak "，Later, use 2 "stuns" ("Li Lou Shang"); quotes the poem "Jinglingtai，Camp of the Camp，Don't be urgent from the beginning of the scriptures，Non -day -out。Don't be urgent from the beginning of the scriptures，The people of the people。Wang Zai Ling，麀，麀 濯濯，White Bird Crane。Wang Zaima，Yuyou Yue "，Later, use "Lingtai" and "Ling Mars" ("King Liang Hui"); "Drunk with wine，Both full of virtue "，Later "full" ("Said on the Sub -Zi")。

Connects of poems and poems and interpretations，Its function is dual -directional，From poetry to interpretation，Connects make the meaning of poetry no longer in the original poetry，Instead, it shows more possible significance orientation; from the interpretation of the meaning of poetry，Connects make the meaning of poetry further into，This kind of promotion or upward "improvement"，or "depth" inward，It is the meaning of poetry to the ideological world of poetry text。Core words from poetry and poetry，Its role is also a dual -direction，From quoting poems，Core words make the poems no longer in the text of the poem，It is no longer a tool for proof，but as the logical starting point of the process of thinking about the text of the poem，Entering the ideological world of poetry text，incorporate the life world of pre -Qin Confucianism; from the perspective of the text of the poems，The core words make the thought world of the pre -Qin Confucianism，Not only a purely righteous structure，Also with the spiritual world of poetry，Not only a ideological process of rational transportation，It is also an emotional life activity。Poetry and poetry and the thought world of pre -Qin Confucianism，It is unreasonable in terms of justice。

　　"Certificate of Eli" quotes poetry tradition

In the tradition of the cited poetry of nobles in the Spring and Autumn Period，Start using "also"，It's just that "the predicate" mostly has some kind of political belief as a prefix，For example, the gentleman of "Zuo Zhuan · Xianggong Thirty Years" said: "Poem said:‘ Wen Wang，Around the emperor。'Instead of saying。also said: ‘Shushener Zhi，No Zael Pseudo。之。"The Analects of Confucius" Bet365 lotto review and "Mencius" also has some phenomena that uses "Si Zhi also" and "this means"。But this kind of poetry rules are a lot、Frequent use，Started from the introduction of poems in "Xunzi"。

The understanding of the "This" of the text "This is also" the text of "Xunzi"，Generally there are two types of general and narrow senses。"This" in the narrow sense，Guide to use poems，The way to think about this way of understanding lies in，Quoting poems as "conclusion" as the text of poetry text，It is a kind of evidence of the world of thought in the text of the poetry。"This"，It can point to the overall structure of the text of the poem，Xu Fuguan in "Research on" Han Shi Biography "，When it comes to this kind of poetry rule of Xunzi "this"，"The meaning of this format，I think what he calls the truth and the stories cited，Both the two or four sentences of "Poetry" cited by him，The symbolization of the meaning of the poem at this time，Do not wait for it "。The significance of this broad understanding is: first，From a form structure，Poetry and poetry and other parts of the text of the poetic text，Not the main relationship，They are relatively independent relationships，It is also a kind of equal side -by -side relationship。2，From the perspective of the structure of the righteousness，The conclusion of the text of the poems is not just existed in a certain structure，Instead of inventing each structure、Participate in each other，Each structure is hidden or obviously containing the conclusion of the text of the poem，"This is also" is just another way of expression of the text conclusion of poetry。

Different traditions of quoting poetry and "interpretation"，"Certificate of Eli" in the tradition of quoting poetry，Poetry is listed at the end of the sentence，Logic terminals in the text of poetry，But the same way of explicit meaning，Conclusions of the text of the poetic text。but but，Poetry and poetry The meaning of the world is not boundless，Instead, there is a certain boundary，This border originated from the context and semantics of the text of the text。In "Xunzi" quoted poetry text，Quoting for the same poem，Some reached 6 times。Take "Da Ya · Health" as an example，Quote "Wen Wen Gongren，Vedes' Base bet365 Play online games "3 times (" Oglore "," Non -Twelve Sons "," Jun Tao ")，Quote "Speechless，No Morals "twice" ("Fulze" and "Zhisen")，Quote "No thief，Fresh is not the same "once (" Chen Dao ")。The same poem, the same chapter，In "Xunzi · Strict"，Pay attention to "wide but not，Inspector but unsteady，debate without fighting，Inspector but unsteady，Estrusted and unbearable，Strong but not violent，Soft without flowing，Respect and cautious and tolerate the quality of gentleman quality，Poetry "The Base of Virtue" is corresponding to "Zhiwen";，Do not seduce "not to reputation，Not afraid of scent，Leading，Duanzhe，Nothing for things "as the scale of the" gentleman "，The "Gong" and "sincerity" of the poem "warm and gentle" correspond to。Similarly，In quoting the same chapter, "Speechless，When you do not report without virtue "，"Rich Country" is the evidence of "Chen or Killing Qijun，Under or kill it，Porridge City，Double Festival，Those who do not die，Without his hometown，The conclusion of the Lord by yourself "，Inference these evil fruits are purely the king's blame，"Newspaper" has shifted from poetry "no virtue" to "retribution"，This is the negative meaning of "newspaper"; and in the "Zhi Shi" chapter，Xunzi quotes poems to prove it as "water deep，Tree falls, feces，Disciple Tongli Thoughtful Master "，This is the disciple's thoughts about the grace of the teacher，The "newspaper" of poetry "No Morality" turns into the meaning of "repayment"，This is the positive meaning of "newspaper"。This shows that even if the same article、Poems in the same chapter，In different cited poetry context、Up and down semantics，It will also show different significance exchanges，Poetry context and semantics of the meaning of poetic meaning，It can be seen from this。

　　Two types of ideas of poetry cited poetry

To sum up，The pre -Qin Confucian sons quoted poetry not "referring to" (Xu Fuguan's "History of Chinese Humanity Theory")，It is not a random "disorderly poem" (Gu Jiegang's "Book of Songs in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period"，They quote poems in the process of generating their thoughts world，In different texts of poems or the same chapter，or bet365 live casino games quote the same chapter，or quote different chapters，All the results of the rational thinking of pre -Qin Confucianists，With its own unique generating logic，This has formed two traditions of quoting poems in pre -Qin Confucianism。Among them, "Interpretation" quotes poetry tradition，Pay attention to the melting of poetry and poetry, poetry, poetry, and the text of the text of the text of the text;，Then emphasizes the interdependence of poetry and poetry and other structures of the text of the text。

These two traditions of quoting poems，The important traits of shaping the world of pre -Qin Confucianism。The thought world of pre -Qin Confucianism，Is a rational thinking process，But this process of thinking is not an abstract logical speculation process，Not establishing a concept、Building principles、The form logical deduction process of launching conclusions，Instead, the process of thinking contains poetic life activities in it;，Not out of pure literary lyric and aesthetic demands，It is not the historical pursuit of the original meaning of poetry，but such as "Poetry，Activities of Doing to Do "，is a creative activity of the ideological world。Creative activities of this ideological world，Not just use the poem as a demonstration tool，or only a practical text structure meaning，Instead of affirming the moral meaning of the poem from the essence of life，Poetry becomes the logic origin of the pre -Qin Confucian moral life journey。The ideological world of pre -Qin Confucianism quotes poetry text，It is a moral activity，It is also an emotional activity，It is rational and poetic、Unity of morality and emotion。

Later generations of Confucianism's tradition of quoting poetry in the world of the pre -Qin Confucianism，Not all hold an objective and correct attitude，Often pay more attention to stretching and continuing the "pure" meaning of the pre -Qin Confucianism，and a large number of poetry phenomenon and tradition of poetry，It is considered to be an insignificant "Affiliated"，Those who pass by the area，Those who don't see it are also available。The result caused by this attitude is，Draw the life mood of the pre -Qin Confucian poetry text，Lost Poetry Wisdom of the World of Confucianism in the Pioneers，It seems more and more "pure"、More and more "precision"，Actually, the world of Confucianism in the pre -Qin Dynasty is becoming increasingly narrowed、More and more abstract understanding。Song Ru Chengzi is judging the poem "The Golden Mean" "Kite Flying Earth，Fish Bet365 lotto review Yue in Yuan "(" Da Ya · Rice Faste ") said，"‘ Kite Flying Flying Heaven，Fish jumps in Yuan，Just getting spirit "。’This section is thinking tightly as a place ... I will get it，Vividly splash;，Just getting spirit "。"Making the Spirit" is the abstract understanding of the context of the text of the poem，"Live Pour" is the poetic observation of moral life，This is the complete restoration of the text and thought world of the pre -Qin Confucianism poetry，Cheng Zi's words should also be our correct attitude towards the two traditions of poetry in the world of pre -Qin Confucianism。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Philosophy and Sociology, Hebei University)