After more than 300 years of chaos in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties，Sui and Tang Dynasties ushered in a unified era。From the perspective of academic development，The editing of the "Five Classic Justice" becomes the scripture signs of this unified era。"Five Classic Justice" is a concentrated display of the Yi Shu Shu Jingxue of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties，It is an integration summary of the development of the past hundreds of years.。but，From another angle，Jidacong often means the end of the type。After the Mid -Tang Dynasty,，The innovative factor of academic trend of thought gradually appears。Han Yu、Li Yan's mind discussion opened the core theory of the Song and Ming era，and help、Zhao Kuang、Lu Chun's "Spring and Autumn" new studies have opened the new science of science in the era of science。

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As an academic characteristic of the unified period of the Tang Dynasty，"Five Classic Justice" establishes the one of the classics，ending the "Teacher Training since the Northern and Southern Dynasties，Nothing to take positive "situation。Especially through the combination of the imperial examination system，"Five Classics of Justice" has become the official scores of the world's unsatisfactory scriptures。but but，There are serious defects in the Tang Dynasty science and science examination system，As a result, the development of the classics is not balanced，Foreilicon lays a foreshadowing for the appearance of the doubtful trend。

Tang Dynasty "Yi", "Poetry", "Book"、3 "Li"、Three "Chuan" is the Jiu Jing，Bet365 lotto review Due to the difference in the number of words in the classics，So it is divided into a big scripture、China Economy and Xiaochang three categories。This system distinguishes is for the fair test，But during the execution process, there were problems with imbalanced development of the classics。During the first year of Tang Xuanzong，The problem has already appeared。According to the "Tong Dian · Election Code" record，July of the eighth year of Kaiyuan，Guozi Division Li Yuanci wrote a book，3 "Li"、Three "Biography" and "Mao Poems", "Shang Shu" and "Zhou Yi" are all the words of saints，However, the scholars are "less" with the "Book of Rites"，Everyone competes "，"Zhou Li", "Yili", "Gongyang", "Gu Liang", but no one recite。The original intention of the scripture system with the number of words as the standard in the Tang Dynasty，But during the implementation process, the utilitarianity of the scriptures，As a result, everyone is familiar with the classic classic of "Book of Rites"，"Zhou Li", "Yili", "Gongyang", "Gu Liang" "Four Classics"。16 years of Kaiyuan，Guozi Festival wineAlso played，"Xi Zuo Zhuan", Two Three，If this is a long line，Scholars of the Zuo Shi，Wasteless "，At the same time, it also pointed out the possible outlook of "Zhou Li", "Yili", "Gongyang" and "Gu Liang".，Therefore, those who are able to pass "Zhou Li", "Yili", "Gongyang" and "Gu Liang" are rewarded。Expressing the same anxiety as Li Yuanxiang，and hope to formulate more specific policies to encourage scholars to learn unpopular scriptures。

It can be seen from the above two cases，Many men have been left out when they were rumored in Tang Xuanzong，Except "Zhou Yi", "Book of Rites", "Shangshu", etc.，Most of the rest of the high cabinet of scholars。In this background，The new ideological trend of classics is brewing secretly，and bet365 live casino games finally through the learning of "Spring and Autumn" in the Middle Tang Dynasty。

　　New Solution of Sutra Sutra

Mid -night Tang Dynasty，Yi Han Yu、The scholars represented by Li Yan are trying to break through in mind，and the scriptures also help、Zhao Kuang、"Spring and Autumn" represented by Lu Chun completed a certain degree of innovation。This kind of innovation is achieved by the way of seeking the scriptures。Ma Zonghuo once said: "Most of the former Confucianism has passed on，Gou has a passion for passage，Ning Yan Scripture error。啖、Zhao、Lu Ze is attacked by scriptures，The purpose of being awarded by the sage。"The so -called" the purpose of the sage "may be more personal creative，In the process of elaboration of the scriptures，The "Biography" that does not care about it has obviously become an obstacle，Therefore, the realization of the creativeness must be presented to the scriptures。Han Yu gives friends' poems in the poem "Spring and Autumn" three bits and packets，Famous sentence of the end of the Sutra "，Although it is a word of praise for friends，But it is also often used by researchers to describe the atmosphere of the passage of the middle of the Tang Dynasty。This atmosphere is in line with Han Yu、Li Yan's Confucian innovation trend。At the beginning of the Song Dynasty，This kind of classic atmosphere echoes science，Finally promoted the change of the scientific paradigm。

In this school that was called "Spring and Autumn" in the later generation，help、Zhao Kuang、Three scholars of Lu Chun, a teacher and friendly scholars, created a new paradigm，Impact and until the Song Dynasty "Spring and Autumn" learning，Become the first voice of the Suspected Scriptures of the Song Dynasty。Test three short -term long -term，Help "Good for" Spring and Bet365 lotto review Autumn "，Test three short -term long -term，Slim leak，"Ji Zhuan"，Every ten years is Naicheng，Subcutation of its outline is the example "。but，Dian helps to die early，The promotion of his thoughts is mainly completed by his disciple Lu Chun。Lu Chun said in the self -report，"Disadvantages of pain teachers，Nai with the sons of Mr.，Write from the bow，Contains Zhao Zizi in total，Zhao Zi due to gains and losses，Chun Sui Zai Congress "，Finally wrote "Spring and Autumn Puppet Zhao Ji Chuan Chuan Chuan Example"。Zhao Zi is Zhao Kuang here，Zeng helps the "Deep Talk，Multi -louder "，Winning to help the ideological essence。So，Lu Chun not only please Zhao Kuang，and load it in the book。From this school,，The first founder is help，The player is Zhao Kuang，The promoter is Lu Chun。

This school is called "Spring and Autumn" new school，mainly lies in the traditional "Spring and Autumn" three passs，Open the road to solve the Scripture。Zuoxi thinks，"Spring and Autumn" Scriptures Store in the scriptures instead of biography，"Spring and Autumn" Three Biography is the legacy of the previous generation，But limited to their respect，Not communication with each other，As a result, it is impossible to see the meaning of "Spring and Autumn" through each transmission。From this，Assistant proposal will pass three "Biography"，But the fundamental part of its own intention is still selected from the content of the three "Chuan"。So，Help further pointed out: "，If the old note the Tongtong，Then he still wrote;，It is easy to change with the text;，。""、The solution of the scriptures with the re -injection opened the first wind of the Song agency science in the Song Dynasty。

　The opening of the doubtful sutra

Although the help and others are miscellaneous "Biography"，But the attitude Bet365 app download towards the three "Biography" also has a thick division。"New Tang Book · Confucianism" record，Help "Ai Gong、榖 家，Apart from Zuo's Misty，The book is from the Confucian door "。This can be seen，For the Three Chuan of Spring and Autumn，Zuo Zi is more biased towards "The Biography of the Gongyang" and "The Biography of the Liang Liang"，and the most accusations about "Zuo Zhuan"。This is closely related to the era of helping help，Help the chaos of Anshi，After the Tang Dynasty, the state of chaos was in the chaos of the separation of Fan Town。In this historical background，Emphasizing the unification of the unified today's textbooks will inevitably become the choice of scholars in troubled times。So，Zuo help clearly proposes: "Today" Gongyang "and" Liang Liang "two biography，Xi "Zuo's"，All survivors and passage，Talk about its deeds，Play its text，Ru Chan History Books，"Spring and Autumn" micro -purpose。Woohoo! Buy 椟 椟，Is it strange! "

On the basis of the help of the help view，Zhao Kuang even asked questions about the author of "Zuo Zhuan"。Zhao Kuang directly pointed out that the "Zuo Zhuan" interpretation is not as good as "The Biography of the Gongyang" and "The Biography of Liang Liang"，There are many errors，This is consistent with the view of help。Zuoxi once said "Two" Chuan "Chuan Jing，secret in "Zuo's"，"Liang Liang" deep，"Gongyang"。From this to seeing this interpretation of "Spring and Autumn", although the three "biography"，But obviously tend to learn today，And this is also the fundamental reason they accused "Zuo Zhuan"。In addition to accusing the "Zuo Zhuan" interpretation of the scriptures,，Zhao Kuang also cited the focus to the author of "Zuo Zhuan"。Since the Han Dynasty，"Zuo Zhuan" has been criticized by today's writers，But the author is Zuoqiu Ming does not constitute a bet365 live casino games problem。Zhao Kuang criticized Sima Qian、Liu Ye and Ban Gu's point of view，pointed out the author of "Zuo Zhuan" entitled Zuo's，But Zuo's is not Zuoqiu Ming，and "Mandarin" is not made by Zuoqiu Ming，Two books "Dingfeng to do one person"，And believes that the "Zuo Zhuan" biographies listed by Lu Deming, which are also in the Tang Dynasty，It is just a false in order to respect the "Zuo Zhuan"。This series of Zhao Kuang's question on the author of "Zuo Zhuan"，Especially the perspective of the relationship between "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin"，It can be said that it is the core question of grasping criticism。In history，"Zuo Zhuan" author's question and the relationship between the relationship between "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin" derived，This is the book that was recorded after Sima Qian。This provides critics with fuzzy treatment conditions，Just question Sima Qian、Liu Ye and others' perspectives，It can fundamentally deny the scientific value of "Zuo Zhuan" and "Mandarin" from the author's question。

After the Anshi Rebellion, Fan Town Sending Chaos in promoting Middle Tang scholars to find new ideological resources，To support stable order。From this，The concept of admiring the unified concept is re -attracted in the situation of "Gongyang" and "Gu Liang".，and the Great Eyments Parapeitation of the Big Eyments also developed a new development，Opening the prelude to the Song of the Song Agent Study。Self -help、Zhao Kuang、Lu Chunshi，The Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Chuan Shi Shi Diamond Family in the New Tang "Spring and Autumn" is not dedicated to the family，Instead of choosing a biography with your own intentions，The surface is "Changing Specialized for Tong School"，But it is completely different from the so -called general school in Zheng Xuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty，The essence bet365 best casino games is to solve the scriptures with your own intentions。So，"New Tang Book" criticized the help and others to promote the "wearing rejection，Equity，Gencheng said "at the atmosphere。but，From the perspective of science，This approach to the Scriptures is undoubtedly an innovation of breaking the constraints of ideas，The Song people resolutely step by step along this path。to the Northern Song Dynasty，The doubt in the study of scientific research is Sun Fu、Liu Yun and others first speak out，The Song Dynasty classics opened a new historical stage of classics。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Philosophy of Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences)