"Emile" is Rousseau's another masterpiece after "On Science and Art", "On the Origin and Basis of bet365 sports Inequality" and "The Social Contract"。In this work，Rousseau takes the imaginary educational object Emile as an example，Presents a complete set of natural education programs to readers。The problem is，Can "Emile" be simply equated to an educational work？In fact，The author has clearly emphasized the continuity and unity of this book with other works on many occasions，As he said in his letter to Archbishop Beaumont: "Once a writer has made his views on an issue clear，He does not need to repeat the arguments he has given in the process of elaborating his views。Because his books illustrate each other、Mutual confirmations。If his method is right，His last work contains all the contents of his previous works。”According to this statement，"Emile" is Rousseau's solution to the world after revealing the root cause of bet365 sports slavery and the reason why bet365 sports society has become greedy and degenerate。Therefore，We must combine Rousseau’s educational thoughts with his political ideas，In order to truly understand the political and philosophical implications of Rousseau’s natural education thought。

Since ancient Greece，Western classical education often places education between nature and politics，Enable it to function on the premise that nature and politics are inherently consistent，Rousseau’s educational thought also operates at this level。We know，The cornerstone of Rousseau’s entire political theory system is the concept of “general bet365 sports”。First，The "general bet365 sports" is holistic，It is not the sum of simple superpositions of individual wills，It is the general bet365 sports of all members of a political community based on a social contract。Secondly，The "general bet365 sports" is universal，It applies equally to all members of the political community，It is a law with universal mandatory force。Last，“General bet365 sports” is moral，It essentially represents the "public good"。As Rousseau said，“The general bet365 sports is always just，Always take the public welfare as the purpose”。Rousseau believes，The reason why inequality and slavery exist in human society，Mainly due to people pursuing private desires and interests，Lack of ethical concern for public life。Therefore，He hopes to use "general bet365 sports" to restrain the special bet365 sports to pursue private interests，So as to solve the problems of social inequality and moral crisis。However，In reality，The road to realizing the general bet365 sports is difficult，We must face a series of "general bet365 sports" problems。For example，The formation of "general bet365 sports" is the result of all members of the community participating in politics as equals，But common political participation may not guarantee that the final result conforms to the "general bet365 sports"。The reason is，People are in physical strength、Differences in natural talents such as intelligence，Lead people in wealth、There are various differences in social status and lifestyle，This makes everyone a special individual，Their practical rationality bet365 sports always tend to protect their own special interests，And often lack sufficient awareness and concern for public welfare。

Behind the "general bet365 sports" problem reflects the unavoidable contradictions faced by modern society，That is, special individuals and universal communities、The contradiction between individual self-interest and public good。Faced with this contradiction， Political philosophers in modern times have given different answers。Rousseau believes，The reason why human beings become corrupt，Become a selfish person，It is precisely caused by the "artificial" system。So，He hopes to realize the "general bet365 sports" through the transformation of people's deep-seated bet365 sports concepts。The key to changing the concept of bet365 sports is to reasonably resolve the contradiction between the independent freedom of individual bet365 sports and obedience to the "general bet365 sports" from the spiritual level。The problem is，How to achieve this？Rousseau believes，The basis for citizens’ voluntary obedience to the “general bet365 sports” is not an obligation to divine natural law，Or utilitarian rational calculation，It can only be the moral conscience and moral self-discipline of citizens。Therefore，The plan he gave is to restore human kind nature through education，Inspire everyone’s sense of belonging and identification with the political community，Make everyone a "virtuous" citizen，Thus dissolving the opposition between individual selfish desires and public responsibilities，Finally realize the true "general bet365 sports"。It is in this sense，Bloom calls Rousseau’s educational thought a constructive activity，It builds a bridge between individual bet365 sports and "general bet365 sports"。

The reason why Rousseau attaches great importance to education，Closely related to his entire political logic structure。In his opinion，The supreme rule of a country is in the hands of the sovereign。The so-called sovereign，It is all the people who are bound together by a social contract。Every individual is a member of the Sovereign、A participant。It can be seen from this，Rousseau’s political structure is a politics that relies on widespread popular participation，The more a political system relies on the broad participation of citizens，The more we need to pay attention to the civilized literacy and spiritual character of citizens，The more we need to pay more attention to the education of citizens。So in Rousseau’s eyes，“Education is the most important thing in the country”。However，The education emphasized by Rousseau is not moral preaching and ethical enlightenment from the outside to the inside，It is a kind of purpose aimed at restoring the inner goodness of human beings，Education to realize the subject’s moral consciousness and self-discipline。In Rousseau’s view，On its own terms，Human nature does not have anti-social characteristics，Just due to bad social education，Talents go to the opposite side of society。There is no conflict between human nature and social public interests，Being a kind person does not conflict with being a citizen of public virtue；Opposite，Having a free and independent personality and a good nature is exactly the way to become a person with public virtue、The premise of citizens who are willing to realize the "general bet365 sports"。Therefore，The task of Rousseau’s natural education thought is to cultivate children into a free and independent moral person according to the natural evolution of human nature。

Rousseau believes，Human nature contains two levels of content: one is basic human nature，The second is natural emotion。Basic human nature is the essential defining characteristic that distinguishes humans from animals，It contains two aspects: human freedom of bet365 sports and human perfectibility。The nature of human freedom of bet365 sports enables people to remain independent in the state of nature，Not dependent on anyone else，No one else can enslave him。Just with the development of society，The inequality between people is widening，Putting people in a state of becoming increasingly dependent on others，This then gave rise to all the relationships of "domination" and "slavery" in society。Therefore，Rousseau regards the cultivation of free bet365 sports as the first basic principle of educating children，The method is to "give children more real freedom，Don’t let them develop the idea of ​​controlling others，Let them do more by themselves，Don’t ask others to do things for them”。This education is for children to grow into citizens in the future，Be able to participate in the "general bet365 sports" with independent bet365 sports。Because in Rousseau’s opinion，Since the formation of political "general bet365 sports" is the result of individuals acting freely participating in its construction through their own efforts，If the individual’s bet365 sports cannot be independent，Dependent on others or enslaved by others，The justice of the "general bet365 sports" cannot be guaranteed。The perfectibility of human beings is the expression of human freedom，Another stipulation of human freedom。In Rousseau’s view，There is an immature side to human free bet365 sports in the state of nature，Has the potential to develop to a higher level。This actually means，Rousseau’s hope is based on the nature of human nature to pursue progress，Realize the transformation of natural human freedom to a higher level of moral human freedom through education。The perfectibility of human beings provides the possibility for the implementation of Rousseau’s natural education plan。As Cassiler points out: "Only through this gift and not through divine help and salvation，Humanity bet365 sports finally be free and control its own destiny。”

Rousseau divided people's natural emotions into self-love and compassion。Self-love refers to everyone’s concern for their own survival，This kind of self-love does not hinder the survival of others，Driven by self-love, people are also willing to recognize the needs of others for survival；Compassion refers to “people’s innate aversion to seeing their own kind suffer”，"It can alleviate everyone's self-love，Thereby contributing to the mutual preservation of the entire human race”。Self-love and compassion together constitute the inner moral conscience of human beings。In natural state，People are filled with self-love and compassion，There is no slavery or domination between people。But in human society，Due to various reasons，Other powerful passions suppress the most primitive natural emotions of man，Especially because of vanity、Shame and envy，People are becoming more and more vain、Arrogance and greed，People no longer care about each other，But become selfish、Profit-seeking。Rousseau believes，Changes in human natural emotions，Especially the weakening of self-love and compassion is the first step towards the abyss of sin。So，Rousseau’s natural education thought is intended to avoid the impact of social environment on human natural emotions，Protect the self-love and compassion inherent in human nature，And self-love and compassion are what people are willing to devote to the common good、The emotional basis for identifying with the “general bet365 sports”。

Rousseau’s natural education thought is actually a kind of political teaching，It is essentially the way to realize the "general bet365 sports"。The formation of "general bet365 sports" is the result of the participation of all members of the political community，This is a democratic process。To realize the self-shaping of the subject through education，Let every democratic participant consciously and rationally realize his or her independent personality and moral conscience，It is the prerequisite for realizing democracy，This is also the political and philosophical implication of Rousseau’s natural education thought。

　　(This article is a phased result of the China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) Higher bet365 sports Management Research Project Special Funding Project (2019GJA05))

(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, bet365 sports Geosciences (Wuhan))