"Zhuangzi · Tianxia" put forward Zhuangzi to learn Huang Laopai actively entering the WTO、The concept of the "Internal and Outside King" of the pioneering enterprising，But it is the only one in the book "Zhuangzi"，Simple expression，Connotation Vague，Therefore, I was drowned in "Zhuangzi" pessimistic、In the overall style of leisure and appropriateness，Not attracted the attention of people。After that, the active Qin and Han dynasty unified empire period，Internal and outer kings have been silent for hundreds of years with the book "Zhuangzi" for hundreds of years，until the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty，Empire collapse，Confucian Micro，The rise of metaphysics，"Zhuangzi" is sought after by scholars as one of the "San Xuan"。In this background，"Internal and Outside King" only attracted people's attention。Guo Xiang notes "Zhuangzi"，Biaozhuangzi thought with "Internal and Outside King"，and give it metaphysical interpretation。where，"Inner Saint" takes the purpose of the Taoist family，Shun Natural，"Outside Kings" take the purpose of Confucianism，No abandoned famous teaching，Blend Confucianism and Taoism。At the same time，Because Guo Xiang respects Confucius，View Confucius as a saint，It is believed that Confucius, not Zhuangzi, who believes that the sanctuary king is really reflected in the sanctuary king，To a certain extent or at least in form, the word "internal and outer king" is the concept of expressing Confucian ideals。Therefore, in the evolution of the semantics of the sanctuary，bet365 live casino games Guo Xiangshi has the status of inheritance，It deserves special attention。

Internal and outer king only appeared once in "Zhuangzi · World"，According to our research，It reflects the concept of learning Huang Lao Pai in the post of Huangzi，does not mean Zhuangzi's own thought。In the inner part of "Zhuangzi"，Zhuangzi is happy to be in the mountains and forests，Xiaoyao in the hometown of nothing，View fame and fortune is like a rottener，Digital aspects，Gan is willing to drain the tail in mud coating，No meaning of governing the country at all，Therefore, weighing inside sanctuary。The god man described by it、Zhi Ren、The saint is often "the positive of the heaven and earth，and Royal Six Qi debate，Patients with endless travel "，Is not accepting the throne of the world。And Guo Xiang proposed that Zhuang Sheng's "The Word of the Holy King in the Ming Dynasty"，Inside the holy king views Zhuangzi's thoughts，Not only does the inner and outer king of the "Zhuangzi" book only become the central idea of ​​"Zhuangzi" in "Zhuangzi"，Reading for future generations、Understanding "Zhuangzi" has a certain impact。After Guo Xiang，Zhuang Xue is recognized by most scholars for the learning of the sanctuary。Ru Yuan Wu Cheng said: "The study of the sanctuary king inside Zhuangzi，Dongche Heaven，Different from the world，And fun to play with the world，It is not easy to know，and it is not easy to know as a book。"Yuan people Zhao Yan said:" Zhuang Shengben's yin and yang dynamic and static use of the Word of the Ming Dynasty in the Ming Dynasty，The micro -words of the ancient saints also。”

but but，Although Guo Xiang summarizes Zhuangzi's thoughts with the sanctuary king，But it is Confucius who thinks that it really achieves the saints and outer kings。This is because bet365 Play online games the theme of Wei Jin Xue Xue is the old -fashioned old，reconcile nature and famous religion。Although the scholars at the time were fascinated by the family，But do not kill Confucius，Gai's status of the Confucius Saints has been established，No one can deny。Therefore, in the minds of ordinary celebrities，Nai Confucius with the name of the sage，Its status is far above Laozhuang，Guo Xiang is no exception。Therefore, although he proposed Zhuangzi's "The Word of the Holy King in the Ming Dynasty"，But I think it is not "body"，I didn’t achieve the inner and outer king。On the contrary，However, Confucius really merged the nature and famous religion，Become a representative of the saints and outer kings，The "Poetry" and "Book" that it deleted also has the status of scriptures。This makes the word "internal and outer king" a concept of expressing Confucius' life and political ideals，In the form, the conversion to Confucian semantics began，Although Guo Xiang created only a metaphysical Confucius image。

The philosophical basis of the sanctuary king in Guo Xiang is the sexual this theory of "monopolizing the realm of Xuanming"，According to Guo Xiang’s metaphysical thought，There is a primitive harmony in nature and society，And this overall harmonious mysterious realm is not beyond，In the monopolis，The overall harmony is based on the harmony of the individual。"If every specific thing‘ it ’s all exactly，Each can be ‘，Both are divided into the axis of self -sex，Although it looks opposite each other and presents a diversified tendency，3174_3193，Finally, the overall network of 'Daotong is one'。This is the original harmony。The Word of Internal and Outside King is based on this original harmony "。But because ordinary people have desire to bet365 Play online games do，Can't be at ease，That is "heart"，As a result, the overall harmony of society destroyed，Leading the disorders of society and the pain of life。So，How to return to the realm of harmony again? The answer is "Unintentional。Guo Xiang believes that the monarch who controls the highest power cannot "be interested and make the world from himself"，Should be "unintentional to the world"，Guide sentient beings with "inadvertently"，Make them rest in sex，This is the key to restoring or realizing the king of the saints。This is here，Guo Xiang puts the sage and mortal in a interdependent structure: on the one hand, the heart of the heart，Only under the leadership of the unintentional saint，can you complete the conversion from heart to unintentional，"Things under the pole"，Make behavior with your own sexual division，Realize the sanctuary king; on the other hand, the unintentional saints can only be through the heart of the mortal，can you express your existence，Achievements in the Internal Holy and outer King。The inaction politics of the sage finally implemented above the "autonomy" of everyone，"Although there is the world，All of them are sent by officials，All things of the committee but not with "。This is a good explanation of the main problem of the saints and outer kings，Saint and Mortal (gentleman、Bai Guan、Min, etc.) Interdependence，Commonly achieved the inner and outer king。

Due to different theoretical foundations，Guo Xiang is also different in the specific understanding of the inner and outer kings。If the inner and outer kings of the "Zhuangzi · Tianxia" chapter are the chords of the virtual liability of political and religion，So，Guo Xiang's inner and outer king is undoubtedly the Junjun liability of the political and religious liability.。Commenting "Zhuangzi bet365 live casino games · Tianxia" chapter heaven、God Man、Zhi Ren、When the sage is a period，Guo Xiang will be heaven、God Man、Remove people from "outside"，and the sage with the "inside" into one: "All these four names，One person's ear，Different from the differences。"So，Not outside the sage，Another Tianren、God Man、Zhi Ren，but heaven、God Man、Zhi Ren，It's just the other title of the sage，It is the naming and generalization of the sage's spiritual life。Due to the heavenly man、God Man、One of the saints and saints，"God is the sage"，Actual Political and Education is in line with one body。"God" becomes the concept of expressing spiritual transcendence，and "Holy" refers to external work，Guo Xiang's inner and outer king can actually be understood as "internal gods and sanctification"，The so -called "Word of the Holy Word，Inside "。But in Guo Xiang here，Although political and religious cooperation，But the sage who achieves the saints and saints is precisely because of their inadvertent and inadvertent，Therefore, it is the monarch of the "virtual monarch" instead of the person who must be a person，This is still consistent with the article "Zhuangzi · Tianxia"。Guo Xiang repeatedly emphasized，The sage has no heart，With the heart of the people as the heart;，In the words of the people;，Make people self -self -。The sage is the sage，It is because he follows the social situation because he is "inadvertent".，"Unintentional and smooth things"，"Self -Access of Ren Shi"，Make the people realize their own nature，"Sage，Citizen's Trail Ear，If you do n’t do it, "" The Word of the Sage，Using the heart of the people "。Therefore, the title of the sage was given by the people，"Saint，The name of the person bet365 Play online games "。The saints praised by people are governing the country，In fact, it is the people’s own political travel。This，Guo Xiang not only pushed the non -Dao politics to the extreme，It also makes the main body of the inner and outer king actually biased towards individuals，The Word of the Internal and Foreign King of Politics and the Personal Personal Safe Turtle Together，The former is actually based on the latter。

If it is said to heaven、God Man、Zhi Ren，Guo Xiang is to integrate it with the sage，so as to make nature and famous religion、If the inner saint and the outer king can be unified，So，For gentleman、Bai Guan、People and other mortals，Guo Xiang starts from the theory of nature，Proposal "Footprint and Facin Theory"，The problem of solving its spiritual galloping。Zhuangzi includes to learn Huang Lao Pai later，The spiritual Xiaoyao is based on the one with the Tao，You need to go from "to be" to "No Wing"，The process of getting rid of the shackles of reality and spirit，Finally get the feeling of integrating with all things in the universe，Therefore, there are only a few gods、Zhi Ren、Holy people, etc. can achieve internal saints，Get spiritual Xiaoyao。Guo Xiang is different，Since its shade is based on personal sex or life，There is no size in sex、Division of advantages and disadvantages，Only ideological behavior is "appropriate" question，So as long as it is self -sufficient，Safe in sex，The consistency of ideological behavior and nature，You can get spiritual Xiaoyao。"Gou is full of sex，Although Dapeng has no self -precious bird，Birds have no envy in Tianchi ...，Xiaoyaoyi。"So，Guo Xiang's Xiaoyao "is the self -sufficient nature of all things、Results of life，No special cultivation is required，Everyone can bet365 live casino games get away "。"Zhuangzi's Xiaoyao is a special realm，Guo Xiang's Xiaoyao is a common phenomenon。""，Where is Guo Xiang，Xiaoyao、Inner saints are no longer a patent for a few saints，and become the possibility of every body to settle down，This compared to the meaning of the sanctuary king in the "Zhuangzi · World"，It is undoubtedly an important change。

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(The author is a professor at the National College of Renmin University of China)