“Micro-corruption” governance was deployed for the first time by General Secretary Xi Jinping at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 18th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection，And made arrangements again at the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Commission for Discipline Inspection，Causing continued attention and in-depth bet365 offers in the academic community。As the most critical “one kilometer” for the final victory in the anti-corruption struggle，The management of "micro-corruption" is an important starting point for comprehensive and strict party governance extending to the grassroots level，Is an important part of national governance。

　Basic characteristics of “micro-corruption” governance bet365 offers

Feature 1: Rich bet365 offers content。Involving the connotation of "micro-corruption"、Features、Performance、Hazard、Generation reasons and governance paths, etc.。For example，Characteristics of "micro-corruption" include: "low"，That is, the person involved in the case has a low position、low rank，Members of the two committees of the village community have become the "hardest hit area"；"small"，That is, the corruption matter is small，Like snacks and drinks、Small greed and small occupation、Kaname Kaname, etc.；“Multiple”，Involving many fields，Including targeted poverty alleviation、Renovation of dilapidated buildings、Compensation for land acquisition、Convert farmland to forest and transfer collectively owned farmland、Forest land and five-guarantee subsistence allowance、Pension insurance, etc.；“confusion”，Concealment、Confusing，Corruption is usually carried out under the guise of "reciprocity"。The governance path of "micro-corruption" includes: strengthening grassroots integrity education，Including discipline and rules education、Responsible Education、Traditional culture and integrity education、The organic integration of legal education and moral education, etc.；Strengthen the construction of institutions and mechanisms，Including promoting grassroots social autonomy、Improving the government and village affairs linkage disclosure mechanism, etc.；Improving the grassroots supervision system，Including grassroots party supervision、Supervision and supervision、Audit supervision、Mass supervision, etc.；Strengthen the construction of grassroots political culture，Adhere to the Marxist view of cultural development，Give full play to the initiative of the grassroots people；Intensify punishment，Increase the cost of corruption；Improve the economic and political treatment of grassroots cadres。

Feature 2: Diverse bet365 offers perspectives。The complex reasons for “micro-corruption”，Decided on the multidisciplinary nature of its bet365 offers。These subjects mainly focus on political science、Economics、Sociology、Law and other fields。If some scholars use the political ecological theoretical framework of "institution-behavior-culture" to analyze and find，Poverty alleviation "micro-corruption" arises from the failure of formal systems and the ineffectiveness of systems、Target replacement and resource dependency enhancement、The impact of multiple values ​​and the lack of awareness of rights protection。Some scholars believe based on the transaction cost theory analysis framework，The logic of generating “micro-corruption” in poverty alleviation lies in information congestion、Opportunism and asset specificity induce political transaction costs。Some scholars use the "differential sequence pattern" as a bet365 offers perspective，Analyzed that the relatively stable population composition and low mobility in rural society make it easy for rural cadres to obtain bribery opportunities，The low democratization caused by the three-dimensional circle structure in rural society can easily breed "micro-corruption" among rural cadres。In addition，There are also scholars who use polycentric governance theory as a perspective，Proposed that the party committee should be the core、Government-led、Working with the grassroots people、A positive interactive mechanism for multi-center governance of "micro-corruption" supported by grassroots social organizations。

Feature 3: Diverse bet365 offers methods。Except normative bet365 offers，The academic community also widely uses empirical methods to conduct bet365 offers。First, a case-level perspective on the governance practice of “micro-corruption”。If the bet365 offers team finds out through questionnaire survey and public opinion analysis，The "micro-corruption" governance mechanism still has shortcomings，And from the ideological education mechanism、“Two responsibilities” implementation mechanism、Grassroots discipline inspection team construction mechanism、Grass-level Discipline Inspection Commission Level Management Mechanism、Grassroots special fund supervision mechanism、Propose optimization suggestions on the inspection mechanism of city and county party committees。The second is to examine the typical cases of "micro-corruption" that have been publicly exposed。If any scholar combines the typical cases reported by the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection in the past five years，Analysis of typical forms of “micro-corruption” among village cadres、Main causes and deepening paths；Some scholars also analyzed and found 206 cases in Z city，Corruption at the grassroots level shows that there is a lot of corruption in the agricultural field、Involves a wide range of fields and diverse types、More economic corruption、Characteristics such as weak punishment，And propose corresponding prevention mechanisms。

　　Commentary on “micro-corruption” governance bet365 offers

The Party Central Committee’s great attention has triggered scholars’ continued attention to the bet365 offers on “micro-corruption” governance。These results are conducive to promoting the extension of comprehensive and strict party governance to the grassroots，Strive to improve the institutional level of grassroots intra-party supervision，Conducive to promoting the modernization of urban and rural grassroots social governance，Provides rich and substantial bet365 offers materials and academic support to further enhance and strengthen the bet365 offers on this issue。

The bet365 offers content needs to be further deepened。There are still differences in interpretation of the concept and connotation of "micro-corruption"，Need to strengthen theoretical clarification，If there is no unified understanding of the subjects and amounts involved in "micro-corruption"，It remains to be distinguished from concepts such as "grassroots corruption", "petty official corruption", "village official corruption" and "invisible corruption"，The manifestation types of "micro-corruption" have yet to be classified into categories；There are still deficiencies in the bet365 offers on the generation mechanism of "micro-corruption"，There is still a lack of mechanism optimization and specific countermeasures for the governance of micro-corruption。

The bet365 offers perspective is still not broad enough，Not enough cross-discipline。Currently，Academic bet365 offers results on “micro-corruption” are more concentrated in political science、Economics、Sociology、Law and other disciplines，From public management、Ecology、The results of cross-bet365 offers from the theoretical perspectives of other disciplines such as cultural studies are still somewhat weak。At the same time，The bet365 offers results obtained based on the theories of the above disciplines are slightly insufficiently integrated with the modernization of national governance，How to highlight the core role of the party’s leadership remains to be further strengthened，How to be precise、The integration of the concept of refined governance needs to be further deepened。

Empirical bet365 offers and comparative bet365 offers in bet365 offers methods need to be strengthened。Normative bet365 offers is dominant，The effective use of empirical bet365 offers is relatively insufficient，Especially quantitative data analysis、Trend Analysis、Statistical analysis and other bet365 offers are relatively lacking。Although some scholars are also using case studies、Empirical bet365 offers methods such as surveys and interviews，But generally speaking, these studies still need to strengthen scientific and rational analysis，Long-term and continuous follow-up inspections are rare，To different regions、Characteristics of “micro-corruption” in different fields、Comparative bet365 offers on influencing factors and governance models needs to be further strengthened。Special bet365 offers on "micro-corruption" in the field of people's livelihood, especially in the field of poverty alleviation, needs to be further deepened and expanded。

　　The future approach of “micro-corruption” governance bet365 offers

On bet365 offers content，Continue to deepen basic theoretical bet365 offers，Improving the effectiveness of bet365 offers。From the connotation of "micro-corruption"、Type、Start with the generation mechanism and generation logic，Further clarify the scientific connotation and essential attributes，Continuously deepen and strengthen academic rational analysis，Effectively form a strict logic、Systematic and comprehensive basic theoretical bet365 offers system。Need to be more problem-oriented，Follow the bet365 offers ideas of "how to govern" and "how to govern"，Focus on the effectiveness and experience of “micro-corruption” governance、Difficulties and dilemmas、Philosophy and Principles、Mechanism and path、Methods and means, etc.，Special focus on how to decentralize、Effective system integration of fragmented grassroots supervision forces，Form a comprehensive supervision force，To improve the effectiveness of “micro-corruption” governance。

From a bet365 offers perspective，Need to focus on strengthening the multidisciplinary approach from the perspective of modernization of national governance。The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China emphasized，“Promote the focus of social governance and services to move down to the grassroots，Putting more resources to the grassroots，Better provide precision、Refined service”。Incorporate “micro-corruption” governance into the framework of national governance modernization，Study how to implement precise governance、The concept of refined governance is integrated into it，Effectively enhance the systemic nature of its governance、Wholeness、Cooperativity、Effectiveness。Focus on how to integrate the party’s leadership into the governance of “micro-corruption”，Building a benign interactive mechanism for cooperation and co-governance among multiple subjects under the leadership of the party，Especially through the disclosure of grassroots power, it can effectively stimulate the democratic participation vitality of the grassroots people，It seems particularly important and urgent。Pay attention to interdisciplinary bet365 offers，Comprehensive application of Marxist theory、Political Science、Public Administration、Law、Theories of sociology and other disciplines，From multiple perspectives、Multidimensional、Promote the bet365 offers on "micro-corruption" at multiple levels and continue to deepen。

On bet365 offers methods，Need to put more emphasis on empirical bet365 offers methods and comparative bet365 offers methods。Academic bet365 offers on “micro-corruption” requires both strengthening theoretical construction and theoretical speculation，Effectively improve the academic rational analysis of its bet365 offers，We must take root in China’s grassroots reality，Pay more attention to the use of case analysis, especially case studies、Social survey analysis、Quantitative statistical analysis and other empirical bet365 offers methods，Systematically refine and summarize the experience and suggestions of institutional innovation and mechanism optimization in practice。Effective use of comparative bet365 offers methods in empirical bet365 offers，By comparing developed areas and underdeveloped areas，Rural Area、Different areas such as cities and urban-rural junctions、Characteristics of “micro-corruption” in different fields、Influencing factors and triggering mechanisms，Use big data and other modern high-tech means to control "micro-corruption"，Promote the modernization of grassroots governance systems and governance capabilities。

(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund general project "bet365 offers on the Construction of Inner-Party Political Ecology from the Perspective of Comprehensive and Strict Party Governance" (17BZZ002)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Southwest Jiaotong University；Integrity and Governance bet365 offers Center of Southwest Jiaotong University)