"Fortune" and "Risk" have completely reverse significance: Wealth is a tool for satisfying people's desires，Can enhance social status、Get public power、Core resource enjoys social prestige，It is a scarcity that people dream of; risks represent the possibility of some negative damage，Unless it can bring huge relative benefits，Otherwise, it is an object that people must work hard in most state。But，Any society needs to allocate wealth and risks in the sense of social structural sense。1980s，German sociologist Ulrich Beck discusses "logic of wealth distribution and risk distribution"，It is clearly proposed "Risk has class attributes"，"Risks are attached to the class model as wealth，It's just a reversal way: wealth accumulates at the top，and risks accumulate at the bottom "。American society under the epidemic of new crown pneumonia，Almost perfectly confirmed Baker's judgment: Social wealth accelerates to the rich，Various related risks with the health risks of the virus infection as the core, but unprecedentedly accumulated to the poor people at the bottom of society。The reverse distribution trend of wealth and risk has exacerbated the tear of American society，It has led to the gathering of various social conflicts and the concentration of destructive power。

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Behind the overall wealthy veil of the United States，The cold reality of the serious differentiation of the rich and the poor。May 2018，The UN extreme poverty and human rights issues special reporter Philip Oldton pointed out in his visit to the United States，The United bet365 Play online games States has become the worst western country in the rich and poor。2019，A survey of the US Population Census Bureau，U.S. income inequality is at the highest level in 50 years，2/3 of the wealth is possessed by 5%of the richest people。

These data are surprising。But，Under this state of severe rich and poor，The epidemic like a tide is even more integrated with this kind of "rich man who is richer，Poor Poor Poor "trend。For the poor，Due to the epidemic, the US economy is out of control，tens of millions of ordinary workers have lost their job to make a living，A large number of U.S. underlying population unemployment。After a large -scale sealed city，Only less than half of African -American adults also have a job，Their poverty rate is 2.5 times that of white people。For the rich，But it is another picture，According to the Forbes website report on December 11, 2020，In the 8 months of the epidemic,，The collective net assets of 614 billionaires in the United States increased by $ 931 billion。According to Bloomberg Fortune.com，The 50 most richest people in the United States are equal to the wealth of 165 million people with the most poor。

Wealth is more and more concentrated in the hands of a few people，It has exceeded the scope that many Americans think of moral acceptance。But，Facing this situation，The US government not only lacks political will to eliminate these structural reasons，Instead of continuously launch policy measures that worsen it，constantly showing the essential face of US money politics。Just like Oldton's blood evaluation，"The continuous existence of extreme poverty is the political choice made by the person in power"。

　　The trend of the accumulation of epidemic acceleration risk to the poor

New Crown Pneumonia virus bet365 Play online games as an objective existence，It does not choose an object when infected with people。That is to say，Theoretically speaking，People are equal in front of the epidemic，Not because of the class、race、Gender、Skin color and other differences are different。But in practice，Different from the situation，The vulnerability of people when facing risks is different。The rich can choose a lifestyle away from the virus source，or as Baker said，"Wealth can buy free of risk security and freedom"，Even unfortunately infected，also enjoy the best medical conditions to reduce the possibility of serious injury。and the poor are forced by life，I have to be exposed to risks，The actual bearer of various negative consequences in the state of epidemic risk。In this sense，"The risk is not democratic -at the point of making victims，It does not agree with everyone's equality。Because some people's characteristics are fragile，They will bear the risks greater than others "。The vulnerability of the poor is especially manifested in housing、Food、Medical, etc. to ensure the most basic aspects of people's survival。

First，More and more poor people lose the minimum residence protection。The basic housing conditions are basic human rights，It is also a necessary condition to prevent infection。Under the state of the epidemic，More and more poor in the United States lost the shelter in the material sense。According to the annual homeless assessment report submitted to the US Congress，2019，About 568,000 people have experienced homelessness，The popularity of the epidemic makes this already very serious problem worsen。Due to unemployment and sharp reduction in income，More than 30 million people face the risk of unable Bet365 lotto review to renew the house。According to the Los Angeles Times website，Due to the impact of the epidemic，The number of homeless people increased by 45%。At the same time，Those facilities used to help homeless people，Due to the demand for maintaining social distance due to the epidemic，and greatly reduced the possible capacity。One aspect，There are more and more homeless people; on the other hand，The capacity that the society can help is greatly reduced。This increase makes a large number of poor people sleep on the streets，There are more and more homeless people; on the other hand。

2，Tens of millions of poor people lack at the minimum food guarantee。Make sure the necessary nutrition is an indispensable prerequisite for maintaining the immunity of the human body，It is also the basic human rights that guarantee people with the minimum healthy level。Before the epidemic，35 million people in the United States relied on the relief life of Food Bank，After the epidemic is popular，There are more Americans who are suffering from hunger than ever。Forecast before the "feeding American" website，More than 50 million people in 2020 will fall into the condition of unsafe food，This means 1/6 American、1/4 American children will face the threat of hunger。If racial factors are considered at the same time，The situation of African Americans is worse，According to the "Washington Post" website，More than 20%of African -American families often do not have enough food。According to the "Guardian" report，The demand for food aid in the United States nationwide is 60%higher than before the epidemic is popular.。Thanksgiving in 2020，Millions of dollars must rely on the assistance of charitable institutions to be exempted from starvation。It can be imagined，It bet365 best casino games is difficult to solve when people even the basic food and clothing problem，Avoiding other risks can only be weak。

third，Medical protection has become a luxury that many poor people can reach。The epidemic causes people’s medical burden to increase，Deepen deepening the dependence on medical insurance。But the contradiction is，The population that can enjoy medical insurance in the state of epidemic situation has a sharp decrease，This is because medical insurance is closely related to the state of employment。According to the "Washington Post" report on May 9, 2020，20.5 million people suddenly lost their job，Employed jobs that have increased in 10 years in one month，The speed and scale of unemployment tide beyond，Almost twice the financial crisis from 2007-2009。According to reports from the New York Times website，From February to May 2020，5.4 million workers lost medical insurance，If the family member of the insured person is included，There are 27 million Americans who lose medical insurance due to the epidemic。，3 out of 10 people without insurance。These people without insurance often have lower income、Lower education level，and easier to live in the polluted environment。Facing the new crown pneumonia epidemic，They are more dangerous，Also helpless，Become the most vulnerable group in the state of risks。

Of course，The fragile performance of the poor is far more than the above three aspects，It also includes education、Work、Social assistance and other aspects，But all the performance points to a result，That is the people who are on the bottom of the society under the impact of the epidemic，More weakly，It's even more helpless。The epidemic becomes another powerful force that strengthens Bet365 lotto review the differentiation of the American class。

　　The reverse distribution of wealth and risks leads to serious social conflicts

The reverse distribution of wealth and risk objectively exacerbates the huge gap between the poor and the rich，And the existence and expansion of this gap is made silently under the circumstances of legal compliance。As a Norwegian scholar Galtone,，The power of the division of the rich and the poor is a more typical "structural violence"，It hidden in politics、Economy、Social and Culture，It is manifested as a variety of existing systems and mechanisms，The result is a systematic negation and infringement of the relevant rights of vulnerable groups。But，All of this is performed under legal circumstances，It looks like a personal free choice，Can't see "direct violence"。

But the long -term operation and continuous rigidity of this structure，It will inevitably cause social grievances to accumulate at the bottom of society。Why the wealth of this society is exclusive for a small number of people，Unfortunate encounters but irresistible to those who are extremely fragile in themselves? When people still struggle, they still cannot make a slightest change in destiny，Social grievances start to accumulate and infect each other。When accumulated to a certain degree，The general public will gradually form two aggressive camps，Form a clear split line，Society shows a state of tearing，And the emotions of the people at the bottom will be like a boiled big pot，The increasingly accumulated anger、Resentment、panic、Uncomfortable emotions look for a breakthrough that can be vented everywhere。Once a certain activation boundary event occurs，Angry has ignited conditions，Finally, an unsatisfactory violence conflict。If you do not make fundamental bet365 live casino games adjustments to the reverse distribution of wealth and risks，The turbulent situation in American society will not be able to get fundamental improvement。

　　(This article is the general project of the National Social Science Fund "broaden and regulates the people's demands、Internet channel research on interest coordination and dispute resolution "(20BZZ019) phased results)

(Author Unit: Nankai University Human Rights Research Center (National Human Rights Education and Training Base)