November 2, 2019，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during an inspection in Hongqiao Street, Shanghai: “We are following a path of political development of socialism with Chinese characteristics，People's bet365 bonus code 2023 is a whole-process bet365 bonus code 2023，All major legislative decisions are in accordance with procedures、After democratic preparation，Through scientific decision-making、Produced by democratic decision-making。”November 11, 2021，The "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Major Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party's Centenary Struggle" adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China further proposed，We must "actively develop people's bet365 bonus code 2023 throughout the process，Expand people’s orderly political participation at all levels and in all fields，Make all aspects of systems and national governance better reflect the will of the people、Protect people’s rights and interests、Inspiring people to create”。The proposal of “whole-process people’s bet365 bonus code 2023”，It is a vivid embodiment of people’s bet365 bonus code 2023 in our country’s national governance，It also fully demonstrates the strategic intention to promote the development of socialist democratic politics by expanding channels for democratic participation。

The formulation and implementation of public policies are important components of the political process，“The participation of the people in the public policy process is the basic requirement and due meaning of people’s democracy”。Democratic decision-making is an important part of the whole process of people's democracy，The development of whole-process people's democracy essentially requires the democratization of the public policy process。From the perspective of the public policy process，The democratization of policy making is of great significance to the development of democratic politics，The democratization of bet365 bonus code 2023 cannot be underestimated either。In a sense，bet365 bonus code 2023 as the early stage of the public policy cycle，Explore the whole-process people’s democratic logic inherent in it，Can provide a “panoramic picture” for realizing decision-making democracy。

　　The logical starting point for realizing people’s democracy in the entire process of public bet365 bonus code 2023

In the public policy process，A complete public policy cycle includes policy issue construction and bet365 bonus code 2023、Policy Development、Policy Execution、Policy evaluation and policy termination，And the democratization of the public policy process，It should be a “whole process” democracy that includes all aspects of the entire policy cycle。

In terms of logic，What kind of problem is there，What kind of problem solutions will there be。The construction of bet365 bonus code 2023 issues is a process of subjective identification，“People’s different perceptions and definitions of bet365 bonus code 2023 issues themselves mean different solutions，Whether issues and bet365 bonus code 2023 recommendations enter the bet365 bonus code 2023 agenda and have priority means whether potential bet365 bonus code 2023 actions can be transformed into reality，And bet365 bonus code 2023 opinions are formed、Expression、The method of synthesis and decision-making directly determines what kind of alternatives can be formed and selected."。

If the government decision-making process cannot be effectively opened to the people，Especially the lack of democratic participation in the construction of bet365 bonus code 2023 issues and agenda setting，Decision makers will be unable to objectively define and identify real public issues based on the interest demands that widely exist among the people，Thus accurately incorporating bet365 bonus code 2023 issues that urgently require government response into the bet365 bonus code 2023 agenda。Therefore，Decision makers can only set the bet365 bonus code 2023 agenda through “internal input”，Real social public issues have not been effectively responded to and solved。From the dual path of "preference-satisfaction" and "problem-solution"，Public policies formulated in this way cannot truly reflect the people’s true interest demands，Such a decision-making democracy can only be a "defective democracy"。

bet365 bonus code 2023 is the most important policy link in the pre-decision-making stage，It is related to what kind of issues can be defined as policy issues，It also relates to what kind of policy solutions can be adopted and absorbed by policymakers。Anyway，It is the key link between the "input" of social public interest demands and the "output" of scientific and democratic policies。Only by promoting democratization of bet365 bonus code 2023，Only in this way can the "whole-process people's democracy" of public policy be integrated in all policy links。So，In this sense，Democratic bet365 bonus code 2023 is the logical starting point for realizing "whole-process people's democracy" in public policy。

　　Focus on optimizing procedural democracy in the process of public bet365 bonus code 2023

From the perspective of democratic form，There are substantive bet365 bonus code 2023 and procedural bet365 bonus code 2023。The former emphasizes the goal of bet365 bonus code 2023、Content、Subject and value，Focus on solving social and public problems；The latter emphasizes the mechanism of bet365 bonus code 2023、Rules and Procedures，Oriented in the form of problem solving。For the construction of modern democratic politics，Substantive bet365 bonus code 2023 and procedural bet365 bonus code 2023 are both indispensable，They are two wheels that jointly promote the development of democratic politics。

The whole process of people's bet365 bonus code 2023 is the organic unity of procedural bet365 bonus code 2023 and substantive bet365 bonus code 2023。We must promote the development of substantive bet365 bonus code 2023，Must take advantage of the development of procedural bet365 bonus code 2023，The values ​​advocated by cultivating substantive bet365 bonus code 2023 in the construction of procedural bet365 bonus code 2023。As Xu Yong pointed out: "By establishing democratic rules and procedures in the practice of democratic forms，Train the people，Creating inherent conditions for bet365 bonus code 2023，Gradually realize the transformation from formal bet365 bonus code 2023 to substantive bet365 bonus code 2023。This is the inspiration given to us by villagers’ self-governance。”

An important criterion for developing procedural democracy is，The people have substantial influence on the policy agenda-setting process。Democratic theorist Robert Dahl believes，Citizens "must have exclusive opportunities"，In order to determine how matters are placed on the agenda for decision-making through democratic processes”。Advancing the development of procedural democracy in the public policy process，First of all, we need to establish a set of scientific and reasonable democratic procedures and rules system，Enable the public to participate in bet365 bonus code 2023 and influence the operation of agenda setting。Democratic bet365 bonus code 2023，It is to be open to the people in the agenda setting process，Open the “black box” of decision-making，With civil liberties、Equal expression to overcome the shortcomings of "internal input" formed by decision-makers based on their own subjective determination，So that the operation of agenda setting is no longer just under the control of policymakers，Instead, it forms a "top-bottom interaction" operating mode，Enable procedural democracy to be fully developed in the agenda setting process。Therefore，Promote democratization of bet365 bonus code 2023，Is an important focus on optimizing procedural democracy in the process of public policy，It is also an important guarantee for ultimately promoting the development of substantive democracy。

　　Effective guarantee for promoting substantive citizen participation in the public bet365 bonus code 2023 process

Public administrator George Fredrickson pointed out，“We live in a power-sharing world，In this world，Government Organization、Quasi-governmental organization、Nonprofit organization、Private organizations jointly participate in bet365 bonus code 2023 formulation and bet365 bonus code 2023 implementation”。The Denhardts, the advocates of the new public service school, also believe that，Citizens should be “acknowledged in establishing the agenda”、Equal status in formulating bet365 bonus code 2023 options and shaping bet365 bonus code 2023 dialogue – although responsibility for final decision-making or bet365 bonus code 2023 articulation rests with the government”。

Under different decision-making systems，There are different forms of citizen participation in the government decision-making process，Some are directly involved，Some are indirectly involved，Some are substantively involved in the entire decision-making process，Some are informed formal participation。Pointed out by John Clayton Thomas，"After bet365 bonus code 2023 formulation，Discussions between managers and the public do not constitute true citizen participation，The public is simply informed rather than involved in the decision-making process。It may be entirely appropriate to simply inform the public about a decision，But if it is disguised as a form of citizen participation to show its influence，That’s inappropriate”。

Therefore，Citizens truly and substantively participate in government decision-making，Not only requires government policy making to be open to citizens，It is more important to involve citizens in the construction of policy issues and agenda setting before policy formulation。Only this，Only in this way can we ensure that citizens’ interest demands and true voices enter the government decision-making process。It can be seen from this，Promote democratization of bet365 bonus code 2023，Can achieve broad citizen participation before decision-making，Thus effectively ensuring the substantive participation of citizens in the public policy process，Enhance the scientific nature of government decision-making、Democracy and legitimacy。

In terms of the development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics and the modernization of national governance，The essence of developing people's democracy in the whole process is first reflected in the people's nature of the public policy process。Based on this understanding，Build a public policy system suitable for the development of people's democracy throughout the process，The first task is to move the goal of promoting democratization of government decision-making from the policy formulation stage to the bet365 bonus code 2023 stage，Gradually democratize bet365 bonus code 2023，Allow people to participate in the consultation and discussion process of bet365 bonus code 2023 based on their own interests，And then truly incorporate the people’s needs into the government’s decision-making agenda。This is an inevitable requirement for the development of people's democracy throughout the process，It is also the way to practice democratic decision-making，It is also a major theoretical and practical proposition that must be responded to to promote the modernization of national governance。

　　(This article is a phased result of the Jiangsu Provincial Social Science Foundation Project “Research on the bet365 bonus code 2023 Effectiveness of Jiangsu’s ‘Decentralization, Delegation, Delegation and Service’ Reform” (20ZZC004)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Government, Nanjing University)