November 2, 2019，General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized during his inspection in Shanghai Hongqiao Street: "We are taking a road of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics，People's Democracy is a whole process of democracy，All major legislative decisions are in accordance with procedures、Democratic brewing，Through scientific decision -making、Democratic decision -making。"November 11, 2021，The "Resolution of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the Party's Centennial Struggle and Historical Experience" by the CPC Central Committee of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was further proposed，To "actively develop the whole process of people's democracy，Expand the orderly political participation of the people from all levels and fields，Make the system and national governance better reflect the will of the people、Guarantee people's rights and interests、Stimulate people's creation "。The proposal of "People's Democracy in the whole process"，It is the vivid manifestation of the people's democracy in my country's national governance，It also fully shows the strategic intention of expanding the development of democratic participation channels to promote socialist democratic and political development。

The formulation and implementation of public policy is an important composition of the political process，"The process of participating in the public policy of the people is the basic requirement and the meaning of people's democracy"。Democratic decision -making Bet365 app download is an important part of the whole process of people's democracy，Develop the entire process of people's democracy requires democratization of public policy processes。From the process of public policy，Democraticization of policy formulation is of great significance for democratic politics，Democratization set by the policy agenda cannot be underestimated。In a sense,，Policy agenda settings as the preliminary part of the public policy cycle，Explore the whole process of people's democratic logic，It can provide a "panorama picture" for realizing democracy in decision -making democracy。

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In the process of public policy，A complete public policy cycle contains policy issues and policy agenda settings、Policy Formation、Policy execution、Policy assessment and end of the policy，Democraticization of the process of public policy，It should be the "whole process" democracy that contains the entire policy cycle。

As far as logically，What are the problems，What kind of problem solutions will be available。The construction of policy issues is a subjective process，"People who have different cognition and definition of policy issues mean different solutions，Question and policy suggestions to enter the policy agenda and preferred, it means whether the potential policy action can be converted into reality，and policy opinions formed、expression、The way of comprehensive and choice directly determines what kind of alternative solution can be formed and selected "。

If the government decision -making process cannot be effectively opened to the people，Especially when policy issues and agenda are lacks democratic participation，Decision makers cannot proceed to objectively define and identify the real public problems from the demands of the people Bet365 app download widely existed in the people，Therefore, policy issues that urgently need government responses are accurately needed into the policy agenda。From this，Decision makers can only set up policy agenda through "internal input"，The real social public problems have not been effectively responded and solved。From the dual paths of "preference -satisfaction" and "problem -solution"，This formal public policy cannot truly reflect the real interests of the people，Democracy such as decision -making can only be a "regrettable democracy"。

Policy agenda setting is the most important policy link in the previous decision -making stage，What kind of problems can be defined as policy issues，What kind of policy plan can be adopted by the decision maker。In short，It is a key link between the policy of "input" and scientific democracy to connect the public interest of the public.。Only the promotion of the policy agenda to set up democratization，can the public policy "the whole process of people's democracy" in various policy links。So，In this sense，Democratization of the policy agenda is the logical starting point of realizing the "people's democracy" of the public policy。

　　Optimize the focus of procedure democracy in the process of optimizing public policy

From the perspective of democracy，There is a division of substantial democracy and procedure democracy。The former emphasizes the goals of democracy、Content、subject and value，The focus is on solving social public problems; the latter emphasizes the mechanism of democracy、rules and procedures，Forming in the form of problems。For modern democratic political construction，Democratic democracy and procedure democracy are indispensable，It is the two wheels that jointly promote democratic politics。

The whole process of people's democracy is bet365 best casino games the organic unity of procedure democracy and substantial democracy。To promote the development of substantial democracy，The development of procedure democracy must be used，Cultivate the value concept advocated by substantial democracy in procedure democracy。As Xu Yong pointed out: "By establishing democratic rules and procedures in the practice of democratic forms，Training people，Create the inner condition for democracy，Gradually realize the conversion from formalized democracy to physical democracy。This is the enlightenment given by the villagers' autonomy。”

An important criterion for democratic development procedures is，The people have a substantial impact on the process of setting the policy agenda。Democratic theorist Robert Dal believes，Citizen "must have an exclusive opportunity，in order to determine how all kinds of affairs are placed in the agenda that is decided through democratic procedures "。Promote the development of procedure democracy in the process of public policy，First of all，enable the public to participate in the setting of policy agenda and affect the operation of the agenda settings。Democraticization of policy agenda，It is to open to the people in the agenda settings，Open the decision "Black Box"，Citizen freedom、Equal expression to overcome the disadvantages of "internal input" formed by decision makers based on their own subjective identification，Therefore, the operation of the agenda settings is no longer just under the control of the decision makers，Instead, it forms a "up and down interaction" operation mode，Make program democracy fully developed in the agenda setting link。So，Promoting the Democraticization of Policy Affairs，It is an important point for optimizing the democracy in the process of optimizing the public policy，It is also an important bet365 live casino games guarantee for the final promotion of substantial democratic development。

　　Effective guarantee for the substantial participation of citizens in the process of promoting public policy

Public executive scholar George Frederikson pointed out，"We live in a world of power sharing，In this world，Government Organization、Quarantine Government Organization、Non -profit organization、Private organizations to jointly participate in the formulation of policies and the implementation of policies "。The advocate of the new public service school Denghard also believes，It should be "acknowledged the establishment of citizens in the agenda、Policy selection and the formulation of policy dialogue have an equal status in the formation of policy dialogue -although the responsibilities of the final decision or policy explained are attributed to the government "。

Under different decision -making systems，The form of citizens participating in the government decision -making process is different，Some are directly involved，Some are indirect participation，Some are substantial participation in the whole process of decision -making，Some are informs the formality participation。John Clayton Thomas pointed out，"After the policy is formulated，Manager discussing with the public does not constitute real citizen participation，The public just told the situation instead of participating in the decision -making process。Just letting the public know that one decision may be completely appropriate，But if it is disguised as a form of citizen participation to indicate its influence，That is inappropriate "。

Therefore，Citizens really participate in government decision -making，Not only does the government's policy formulation open to citizens，More importantly, the construction and Bet365 lotto review agenda settings for the majority of citizens to participate in policy issues before policy formulation。Only here，can ensure that the interests of citizens' interests and real voices enter the government decision -making process。This can be seen，Promoting the Democraticization of Policy Affairs，Can achieve extensive participation of citizens before decision -making，to effectively guarantee the substantial participation of citizens in the process of public policy，Enhance the scientific nature of government decision -making、Democracy and legitimacy。

As far as the development of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics and modernization of national governance，The main purpose of the development of people's democracy in the process of development is first reflected in the people's nature of the public policy process。Based on this understanding，Construction of a public policy system that is suitable for the development of people's democracy for the whole process，The primary task is to put the goal of advancing the democratization of government decision -making from the policy formulation link to the policy agenda setting link，Gradually realize the democratization of the policy agenda，Let the people participate in the negotiation discussion process of the policy agenda based on their own interests，Then the people's needs truly absorb the government decision -making agenda。This is the inevitable requirement of the people's democracy in the whole process，It is also the road to Ying Ring of Democratic Decision -making Practice，It is a major theory and practical proposition that must be responded to the modernization of national governance。

　　(This article is the policy efficiency research of the Jiangsu Social Science Foundation Project "Jiangsu 'Drop and Management Services' Reform" (20ZZC004) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Government Management of Nanjing University)