The specially planned topic for this issue is "Mediterranean bet with bet365 and Chinese bet with bet365"。The reason why I chose this topic，This is how we think about it。

Historical materialism believes，The development of human history is the general development of society、Universality and Particularity、The process of unification of diversity。As a generality、Universality，As Guo Moruo said: "As long as it is a human body，His development，Whether it is red, yellow or black，Absolutely the same。”as speciality、Diversity，People often quote a British poet's poem as a metaphor: "The East is the East，The West is the West，They will never meet。”We think，Only by adhering to the basic principles of dialectical materialism，Only from the dialectical relationship between two aspects，Look at the problem comprehensively、Complete but not too rugged。

As everyone knows，British historical theorist Toynbee divided the types and forms of human bet with bet365 in history。Whether one agrees with Toynbee’s views or not，But there is no doubt about one thing，That is, every bet with bet365 has different characteristics and charm。As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Every bet with bet365 is rooted in its own soil，Uniting a country、The extraordinary wisdom and spiritual pursuit of a nation，Everyone has its own value。”

Among many human civilizations，Chinese bet with bet365 and Mediterranean bet with bet365 have evolved over a long period of time，still maintains strong vitality。You can say this，Only by deeply understanding the Chinese bet with bet365，In order to scientifically understand contemporary China；Only by deeply understanding the Mediterranean bet with bet365，Only in order to scientifically understand the contemporary West；Between two major civilizations，Only communication and mutual learning，The beauty of talent and beauty、Beauty and beauty shared。

We do not agree with the view that different civilizations are bound to conflict，Because "every bet with bet365 is the crystallization of beauty，All show the beauty of creation。All good things are connected。”Because “all good things are connected”，So，Diversity among different civilizations should be maintained like living things。“If human bet with bet365 becomes only one hue、A pattern，Then this world would be too monotonous，Too boring！”We support harmony but diversity among different civilizations、Common development，“Let the world’s civilized gardens be filled with flowers”。

To do this，People living in different civilizations，On "Equality and respect should be upheld"，Abandon pride and prejudice，Deepen your understanding of the differences between your own bet with bet365 and other civilizations，Promote exchanges and dialogue between different civilizations、Harmonious symbiosis。"should say，"Pride and Prejudice" are exactly the manifestations of uncivilized。

Needless to say，Between Mediterranean bet with bet365 and Chinese bet with bet365，There are differences。To this difference，The scholars in this special planning have made some revelations。Is the specific conclusion appropriate?，Readers can check，But，The common understanding among scholars is，No matter at the starting point of bet with bet365，Still in the process of bet with bet365 evolution，Both the two major civilizations have obvious differences；This difference is language、Text、Skin color、Differences in development paths, etc.，But it is by no means the difference between superior and inferior。Therefore，Scholars have made professional analyzes of the inherent characteristics of the two major civilizations，Both affirmed the value of both parties。

　As far as academia is concerned，No matter for Chinese bet with bet365，Still for Mediterranean bet with bet365，There are quite a few related results。But，Comparative study of two major civilizations，There is still a lot of room for expansion。We fervently call for the strengthening of this kind of comparative research。Obviously，The reason why the East is like this，The reason why the West is like that，They are all determined by their respective histories。We need to understand socialism with Chinese characteristics from the perspective of China’s historical development，It is also necessary to understand the contemporary Western capitalist world represented by the United States from the perspective of Western historical development。For the historical factors involved、Period node、Evolution mechanism, etc.，Historians have the responsibility to carry out in-depth comparative research and revelation。

This is the basic consideration for our organization of this special planning。Of course，Such a grand idea cannot be realized with a special plan。What we do，Just a guide。

Let us encourage each other with the words of General Secretary Xi Jinping: “Exchange and mutual learning are the essential requirements for the development of bet with bet365。Only through exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations、Learn from each other’s strengths，In order to maintain strong vitality。Exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations should be reciprocal、Equal，Should be diverse、Multidirectional，It should not be mandatory、Forced，Should not be single、One-way。”Chinese people should understand this，Westerners should also understand this principle。

Department of History of bet with bet365 Social Sciences Magazine

　　Grasp the basic context of the overall history of the Mediterranean

The Mediterranean region has had a lot of human activities since ancient times，National attributes of residents、Religious beliefs and cultural backgrounds are always changing，The politics of the Mediterranean、Cultural and religious connotations are also constantly changing。The Mediterranean Sea not only did not hinder the cultural and trade exchanges between its surrounding residents，It also provides convenient channels and broad space for multi-dimensional communication between different regions。

　　The Mediterranean blends ancient Eastern and Western civilizations

The Mediterranean is the birthplace of ancient Greek and Roman bet with bet365，It is also the place where Eastern and Western civilizations gather and merge。Mediterranean bet with bet365 is dominated by Greek and Roman bet with bet365，Also includes Egypt around the Mediterranean、Two Rivers Basin、Phoenician-Carthaginian bet with bet365。In the process of the formation and development of Mediterranean bet with bet365，These surrounding civilizations have also made great contributions。

　　Roman universal ideals endowed European empires with an expansionary nature

The classical bet with bet365 of Greece and Rome is regarded as the source of Western bet with bet365，Many cultural traditions in the West can be traced back to Greece and Rome in the classical era。However，Are the cultural heritages left to the Western world by Greece and Rome “glorious” and “great”？At least for the majority of non-Western countries and nations，The answer is no。The "universal" imperial concept formed during the Roman Empire，Via Charlemagne’s Empire and Holy Roman Empire，To the modern Western European overseas colonial empire，Inherited by one continuous line，Became the core idea of ​​the concept of "empire" in the long history of the West。

　　The development of ancient Chinese bet with bet365 showed uniqueness

The ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean region and ancient Chinese bet with bet365 both developed very early in world history，A case of early human bet with bet365 that has extremely important significance and significant contribution to the development of the entire human bet with bet365。But they also have their own characteristics in terms of content and methods of development，The differences have a major impact on the formation of the entire process of world history and the final content of human bet with bet365。In comparison with the development of ancient civilizations in the Mediterranean region，The following manifestations of the development of ancient Chinese bet with bet365 are particularly unique and significant，Deserves special attention。

　　Looking at the source of differences between bet with bet365 and Western civilizations from the early relationship between humans and gods

A country is the result of the development of various elements of bet with bet365 to a certain stage，Religious belief is closely related to the regional environmental characteristics and civilizational progress of a country or nation。Ancient Greek bet with bet365 is a typical form of Mediterranean bet with bet365，Very different from early Chinese bet with bet365。

　　Mediterranean bet with bet365 and Chinese bet with bet365 from the Perspective of Early Countries

From a historical perspective，There are three main regions where early civilizations and countries originated in the world，From east to west are the East Asian regions with China as the core，The South Asian subcontinent with India as the core，Including the ancient two river basins、Ancient Egypt、Ancient Greece、The Mediterranean region including ancient Rome。Natural conditions of these three areas、Historical processes and cultural features have their own characteristics。

　　Chinese Xia Dynasty bet with bet365 from the Perspective of the Four Ancient Civilizations

China belongs to the four ancient civilizations，This is common sense。But there is a question that still needs a serious answer，This is how far back the "ancient" of our ancient bet with bet365 can be traced？Some scholars，Mainly foreign scholars，Only recognize our country’s Shang Dynasty as a bet with bet365，To the previous Xia Dynasty，But refuse to believe it is bet with bet365，Or simply deny its existence in history。This question，It is not only related to the "quality" of our ancient bet with bet365，It is also related to the issue of how to understand the particularity of ancient Chinese bet with bet365，Must understand。

　　Three major characteristics molded the genes of early Chinese bet with bet365

Chinese bet with bet365 has a long history，Brilliant。Excellent bet with bet365 genes are the driving force behind the endless growth of Chinese bet with bet365，More and more archaeological evidence shows，Three basic characteristics have been formed in the early stages of Chinese bet with bet365。

　　Chinese bet with bet365 has its own unique system in its eclectic approach

The bet with bet365 nation has inhabited the vast East Asian continent since ancient times。Because the southeast is facing the Pacific Ocean，To the north is the desert and Siberia，To the west is the Pamir Plateau，The southwest lies across the Himalayas, where the world’s highest peaks are located，High mountains、Surrounded by desert and the largest ocean，As a result, China’s territory is connected with most of Asia、Europe、The ancient civilizations of Africa and America are far apart and relatively independent geographical units。Internally speaking，Due to complex geographical environment and different economic living conditions，Since the Neolithic Age，The bet with bet365 nation has generally entered a period of long-term coexistence of plantation groups and nomadic groups，And most of them are geographically separated。