Shang and Zhou bronze inscriptions are one of the important categories of unearthed documents，Involving enfeoffment、Order、Sacrifice、Economy、War、Diplomatic relations、Ancient Country、Ritual、Geography、Transportation、Calendar、Penalty、Lineage and other aspects，Plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the study of Shang and Zhou ancient history。地不爱宝，According to incomplete statistics，More than 5,000 gold inscriptions from Shang bet365 joining bonus code have been newly published since the 21st century，Many of these are seen for the first time，To further deepen the research on the ancient history of Shang bet365 joining bonus code、Exploring the social features of Shang bet365 joining bonus code has important academic value。

Recent Bronze Inscriptions and Shang and bet365 joining bonus code Etiquette

The records of the pre-Qin etiquette system handed down in ancient books mainly focus on the three rites，However, the Three Rites were written as late as the Warring States, Qin and Han Dynasties，His description of the etiquette and customs of previous generations is inevitably inaccurate，Therefore, Mr. Gu Jiegang once issued "From bet365 joining bonus code、《Poetry》、The "Book"... summarizes the call for "Zhenzhou Li"。In fact，There are many actual records of various etiquette in bet365 joining bonus code，Recent bet365 joining bonus code contain considerable content on etiquette。

Confucius Zhou pointed out the inheritance and innovation relationship between the Yin and Zhou ritual systems based on the profit and loss theory of Yin bet365 joining bonus code。The Yinggong Ding published in 2007 describes the Yinggong casting of the Ding to offer sacrifices to Emperor Gui Ding，Emperor Gui is King Wu of Zhou，Riding is the name of the day，This is the first time that King Wu’s Japanese name has been found in unearthed documents。It is the custom of merchants to make copies of Japanese names，It was also used as an important criterion to distinguish the Shang and Zhou ethnic groups，The discovery of Ying Gong Ding proves that Zhou people did follow Yin customs，Zhou Yin is not lying about Yin Li。"Etiquette: Betrothal Gift" records many etiquette aspects of betrothal gift，The Ba Bo Yu unearthed from the Dahekou Cemetery in Yicheng in 2010 records the process of the Zhou king’s envoys going to the Ba Kingdom to recruit people，This is the most detailed historical record of betrothal gifts in the Western Zhou Dynasty seen in bronze inscriptions。The two documents can be verified by mutual reference，The privileges between the guest of honor and the guest of honor as stated in "Etiquette"、Private confrontation、Return to the food、飴比、return jade、The links and order of various betrothal gifts for suburban laborers，They are all trustworthy。The former chicken gui unearthed from the Zhougong Temple site in 2014、The bronze artifacts of You and others reveal that Xiji himself served as an envoy of the Zhou Dynasty，Ordered to go to South Korea to welcome Yu Ji，And this concubine is the woman who is about to marry into the Zhou royal family。According to "Zuo Zhuan" and other records，When princes marry women, they need to send envoys out of the country to welcome her，The wife of a senior official or below must be welcomed in person。In the past, the chicken came to Han to welcome the wife of the King of Zhou，Explains that the Zhou royal family also needs to send envoys at the level of ministers to greet wives on the way，Similar to the etiquette of princes welcoming brides，This provides us with a new understanding of Zhou royal marriage etiquette。

Evolution of the etiquette system、Guest、Except for Jia Li and other contents，Ji Li、Ominous ceremony、Military salutes are also reflected in many recent bronze inscriptions。The Wei Gui vessels of the Western bet365 joining bonus code Dynasty that were recorded around 2008 say that "Xinxiang" and "Fragrant and fragrant" were used to sacrifice to hundreds of gods in order to obtain hundreds of blessings，It is in line with the sacrificial concept of "bet365 joining bonus code people are still smelly" as stated in "Book of Rites: Jiao Te Sheng"。The "burial" and "burial" unearthed from the tomb of Zeng Gongzi Quji in Yidigang, Suizhou in 2011”Two pieces of bronze，The name "Burial" indicates that it is a funerary object specially cast for the deceased；Newly recorded bet365 joining bonus code Jin disk、牉，reveals the etiquette of not bathing oneself during mourning，These contents are a true reflection of the funeral system at that time。The 42-year-old tripod discovered in 2003 records the location where the military merit ceremony was held、Participant、Reward items、Ritual procedures and military salute-related content such as the King of bet365 joining bonus code’s words of encouragement，It can be mutually confirmed with the literature。

Recent Bronze Inscriptions and the Ancient Shang bet365 joining bonus code

The recent inscriptions have provided many new insights for the study of the ancient Shang bet365 joining bonus code，Such as Zaozhuang Xiaozhu Cemetery、Licheng Kaiguo Cemetery、Baguo Cemetery in Dahekou, Yicheng、The bronze inscriptions from various countries unearthed from Suizhou Yejiashan and Wenfengta Zengguo Cemetery are dazzling，Reveals many historical facts about ancient countries。Zaozhuang Xiaozhu Country、Bengbu Zhongliguo、The unearthed bronzes of Kaiguo and others in Licheng，Directly confirms the geographical information of various countries recorded in ancient books，What is particularly important is that Jinde Jinwen also corrected some improper understandings in the past，Resolved relevant differences。The State of E in the Western Zhou Dynasty is well known as it was seen in Yu Ding，But the geographical location of Hubei is often determined to be Echeng, Hubei，Until 2007, many Ehou bronzes were unearthed in Suizhou Yangzishan Cemetery，The academic circles have unanimously realized that the State of E in the Western Zhou Dynasty should be in Suizhou。Coincidentally，In 2012, another Ehou was found in the Eastern Zhou tomb in Xiaxiangpu, Nanyang、Ejiang Bronze Ware，Indicates that there was still an E state in Nanyang during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty。And the relationship between these two countries in Hubei，Also worthy of special attention。The mystery of Zeng Sui has been a difficult problem that has been debated in academic circles for many years，The two countries also have different geographical views，The Marquis Zeng and the Bell (Group A) unearthed from Wenfeng Pagoda in Suizhou in 2009 clearly hint at the historical facts of Zeng Suiyiguo，And it is stated clearly that the ancestor of Zeng Ren founded his capital in Ruitu，Benefit from this，Zeng (Sui) Shi Feng Di Wang’s question is also easily solved。

The lineages of ancient countries recorded in handed down documents are mainly concentrated in some big countries，A large number of small country lineages often disappear in history。bet365 joining bonus code often contain content about the owner reporting his family status or recalling his ancestors，It can provide an important supplement to the research on the lineage of ancient countries。The opening lines of Marquis Zeng and Zhong (Group A) state that their ancestor is Nangong Kuo，More recently, it was found that there was an admonishment by Marquis Zeng in a bronze inscription、Zeng Houhuan and many Zengzi、Great-grandson，In addition to the known Marquis Zeng and the past、Zeng Houyi、Zeng Hou Bing and other Zeng Juns，Relevant information is enough to restore part of Zeng Guo’s lineage。The first title of Yingguo was controversial because of the son or brother of King Wu，Ying Gong Ding indicates that the ancestor it worships is "緷帝日丁"，It can be proved that Yingguo Shifeng is undoubtedly the son of King Wu。According to the recent Zhongli State Bronze Wares，We can also restore the kinship between his country Ao Jue—Zhongli Gongbai—Ji Zikang，Filling the gap in literature。

Last name、Different family origins，There are only about 30 ancient surnames in Pre-Qin Dynasty，Many ancient surnames are missing from ancient books。Intermarriage seen in recent bronze inscriptions、Descent、Female names and other content，all revealed information about ancient national surnames，It plays an important role in related research。The owners of the inscriptions on Marquis Zeng and Zhong (Group B) claim themselves to be descendants of Houji Miao，It can be seen that he has the same clan as the bet365 joining bonus code people，Definitely Ji’s surname，Removing past differences。The copper from Caomen Bay of Guojia Temple in Zaoyang published in 2016 contains a dowry vessel for Uncle Hu (formerly known as "娨") for his daughter "Meng Ji Yuannu"，Uncle Hu’s daughter takes “Ji” as her surname，Solved the problem of Hu’s surname。On this basis, based on the principle of no marriage with the same surname，It can also be inferred that the Sanguo who had a marriage relationship with Hu must not have the surname Ji，Provides valuable clues for subsequent research on Sanguo clan surnames。

Recent Bronze Inscriptions and Shang and bet365 joining bonus code Legal Economy

There are many legal issues in recent bet365 joining bonus code、Economic content，Shows multiple scenes of pre-Qin social life。The Qi tablets and plates unearthed from Dahekou Cemetery record a lawsuit between Ba Ji and Qi within the Ba Kingdom，The inscription contains the plaintiff Ba Ji’s complaint，The late monarch Mu Gong’s verdict and the defendant’s oath of popularity，It is worth noting that Qi’s life oath、Oath、Oath、Zheshu、Additional oath、Oath、Several steps of swearing。Although some content related to the oath of fate has been found in previous bet365 joining bonus code，But this is the first time that such a complicated swearing process has occurred。Also，The punishment described in the oath includes whipping、Penalty、Abandonment and exile in various forms，And the first oath、Oath taking and subsequent addition、The punishments mentioned in the oath are not the same，This is a study of litigation procedures in the pre-Qin period、An excellent example of the oath system and punishment。

The Four Weapons of Uncle Lu published in 2011 recorded that the Marquis of Lu ordered his uncle to come to Lu from other places to build a palace，And teach the people of Lu，Uncle was praised and rewarded for the good construction of the palace，Displays the social status of handicraft craftsmen in the Western bet365 joining bonus code Dynasty and the specific situation of handicraft production in Lu State。The Taxi Shanpan published in 2002 records that the King of bet365 joining bonus code ordered Shishan to go to Nantujing、Collect tribute from the various countries，Shows the tribute system of the Western bet365 joining bonus code Dynasty and the economic relationship between the bet365 joining bonus code Dynasty and the vassal states。The records about the jade cong trade in Kang Ding published in 2000，It is a rare trade information of the Western bet365 joining bonus code Dynasty。In addition，Many reward items seen in recent bronze inscriptions，Ru Ji Ji Zunzhong Dian Chen、Tian、Horse、Cow、Sheep、禾，The cloth in Hu Yingji’s tripod，The food in Ba Bo Gui，Tian et al. in Yan Gui，For studying the land system of bet365 joining bonus code Dynasty、Agricultural production and other social and economic conditions are also of great significance。

What is revealed above is just the tip of the iceberg，There are many other important ancient historical materials in recent bronze inscriptions，The discovery of Bin Gongyu directly proves that the legend of Dayu's flood control already existed in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The concept of moral governance described in its inscriptions provides an important reference for the study of pre-Qin intellectual history。Qipan’s detailed description comes from King Wen、The complete lineage of Zhou kings from King Wu to King Li，Unprecedented。Mrs. Hao's Xiaoding and Haozi Shou's "浒tan" and "Huangluo" in the bronze vessels，It is the earliest example of Tai Sui dating seen in unearthed documents。The newly released sects’ vessels contain large sects casting sacrificial vessels for small sects，There are also things like the sect master ordering the sect members to dance during the banquet，It is a vivid embodiment of clan relations in a patriarchal society，etc.。Anyway，Recent bronze inscriptions have provided many new historical materials for the study of ancient Shang and Zhou history、New clue，It opens up a broader perspective for us to comprehensively examine Shang and Zhou society。At the same time，It is precisely because the recent bronze inscriptions have such high academic value，So there is a greater need for paleography、Archaeology、The academic community of Pre-Qin history launched a comprehensive and in-depth exploration，By revealing its historical value，Effectively promote the development of research on the ancient history of Shang bet365 joining bonus code。

　　(The author is the chief expert of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Annotations and Interpretations of Shang and bet365 joining bonus code Bronze Word Collections”、Professor of Southwest University)