Current discussions surrounding ecological issues，Such as global warming、Air pollution、Ozone layer destruction、Marine pollution、Macro topics such as species extinction，Constitutes an important basis for the common existential crisis in human imagination，This plays an important role in gathering global ecological consensus。However，Localization of ecological education with unique ethical demands，Not only a call to a common sense of crisis，It is more necessary to start from the inside out、From near to far，Processing the issue of emotional identification between living individuals and specific environments at the micro level，This is also an important reason for the rise of bet365 apuestas in recent years。In stark contrast to the rise in ecological awareness，The degree of localization at the practical level，Ecological education seems too superficial。Therefore，It is necessary to explain related concepts and their relationships such as "nature", "countryside", "sense of place" and "bet365 apuestas"，And on this basis, discuss feasible plans for localizing ecological education。

　　Two solutions to bet365 apuestas: wilderness and countryside

Ecological education needs to discuss issues about nature。“nature” as the keyword，Like Raymond H. Williams) in the book "Keywords: The Vocabulary of Culture and Society"，"Perhaps the most complex word in the language"。This complexity may not be even greater in the Chinese-speaking world，Because the word "nature" in ancient times and the word "nature" in modern times are not the same thing，Chinese implements the objectified existence category into the concept of "nature"，And finally implemented as a Japanese Kanji word，This is still the product of the spread of Western learning to the East。It is difficult to clearly discuss the meaning of the modern Chinese concept of "bet365 apuestas"，But according to the general meaning，“bet365 apuestas” is the opposite realm to “artificial”，In this sense，“Nature” has the attributes of a civilized counterpart。Pay special attention to this meaning when discussing "nature"，Because the ethical appeal behind ecological education is ecologicalism，In terms of value orientation，Critical reflection on human civilization，Especially for the anthropocentrism since the Renaissance，Nature has been endowed with great potential to correct the deviations of civilization in this process，This belief has almost run through the entire history of ecological concepts。Therefore，“Nature” from an ontological perspective，There is no clear spatial boundary with human society，But at the conceptual level, it is a set of unified categories of opposites，This concept in modern society is increasingly inclined to draw healthy life nutrition from "nature"。Ecological education is fundamentally about improving the relationship between man and nature，Therefore, it is far from enough to simply rely on practical utilitarian considerations stemming from bet365 apuestas crises，We still need to explore the beauty of nature、Ethics、Rich cultural significance。

"bet365 apuestas" as a critic of civilization，Usually embodied into two images，There are two options that can be called "bet365 apuestas": one is "wilderness"，One is "countryside"。Be aware of these two images，It is very important to understand the current critical reflection on modern civilization around the world。

About "Wildness"，This is a conceptual category with soul status in nature literature represented by the United States。As an ideological resource for the United States to be spiritually independent from its former mother country，Nature in the form of wilderness gives this new continent a free character independent of Europe，This view ultimately led to the enactment of the Wilderness Act of 1964。Environmental historian Roderick Frazier Nash wrote in "Wildness and American Thought": "Wilderness is a basic component of American culture。Utilizing the raw materials of the material wilderness，Americans built a civilization。They have tried to use the idea of ​​wilderness to give their civilization an identity and meaning。”Thoreau’s “Wildness is the preserve of the world”，It is a frequently quoted aphorism。Gary Snyder's "The Wilderness of Zen" goes further than Thoreau's statement，Point out that “wilderness means more than just ‘protecting the world’，It is also the world itself... what we need is to be able to be one with the wilderness，And creative and civilized”。In the bet365 apuestas literature of New World countries represented by the United States，Wildness is the main meaning of nature，In the context of the ecological crisis，The critical power of the wilderness towards modern civilization is becoming more and more obvious。

However，In an Old World country with a long memory of pre-modern farming，“bet365 apuestas” as a reflection of modernization is often not “wilderness”，But "rural"。Therefore，In the context of China，The relationship between urban and rural areas at the spatial level and the relationship between modernity and tradition at the temporal level，There is a subtle isomorphism。China’s countryside is not only closely related to the long-standing landscape idyll，It is also the prototype of the Peach Blossom Spring as the base camp of reality criticism，He is also a sociologist、The historical basis for anthropologists to construct traditional China as a "rural China" that existed relative to modern China。Similar to the ecocriticism based on wilderness in the New World，A farming civilization in the Old World，Ecological reflection based on rural pastoral plays the same cultural role。Since the 1980s，China’s ecologicalism quietly sprouted from the local literary tradition。In a sense，China’s historical and cultural character，The expression of ecologicalism that determines our reflection on modernization will be different from American bet365 apuestas literature。

Wilderness and countryside，These are all reactions to modern urban life，It’s all backed by “nature”。The two solutions are generated under the awareness of the same problem。Two options to clarify “nature”，It is to remind us to think about the localization of ecological education，Discussion around the relationship between man and nature，We cannot leave our respective cultural backgrounds。In a country with a long agricultural cultural heritage，The pure "bet365 apuestas" space that has not been touched by the ancestors is very limited，This is different from the vast land and sparse population、The New World countries that did not carry a heavy burden of pre-modern culture are different。Localization of ecological education，This difference should be taken seriously。

　　bet365 apuestas comes to the countryside: Recognition of the emotional relationship between people and things

　　At a practical level，What is different from the existing ecological education that relies too much on macro-level preaching，The combination of Chinese natural education and local education，It will effectively solve the current problem of too superficial ecological education，At the same time, it gives ecological education a distinct sense of place。Nature education here，Specifically, it refers to natural science education，But in recent years，bet365 apuestas seems to have the meaning of "upgrading" traditional science education。The discussion about bet365 apuestas in the academic circles is becoming more and more heated，Widely recognized not only among nature lovers，We have also received strong support from many scholars in the humanities and scientific history fields。The popular science community and the humanities intellectual community have also developed close ties around bet365 apuestas，Shows a brand new weather，This cultural phenomenon has been dubbed the “Renaissance of bet365 apuestas”。What is different from traditional science education，bet365 apuestas places special emphasis on ecological values ​​and environmental protection concepts related to understanding nature，This ethical attribute is also an important reason why bet365 apuestas has attracted the attention of both the popular science community and the humanities intellectual community。

However，Just as "Renaissance" cannot be taken literally，The "Renaissance of bet365 apuestas" is by no means a reappearance of the historical scenes of bet365 apuestas，Because Western bet365 apuestas is the prehistoric stage of modern science，It is completely different from current bet365 apuestas。In the current era of scientific prosperity，Human cognitive tools have surpassed the stage where people grasp the world through their senses，The scientific enterprise has largely left behind the bet365 apuestas method。Actually，The current field of humanities advocates the revival of bet365 apuestas，It’s not about taking a share of the scientific pie，But to launch a nature education practice with enlightenment significance，With Gilbert White、Fabre、A naturalist personality like Thoreau to correct modernization、The lack of urbanization and even scientism；That is, through the knowledge of natural objects around us，To weave a sense of intimacy with the local area，Thus improving the relationship between people and the environment。Actually，This is also a cultural correction aimed at the anti-natural attributes of modern cities。

Popular science education is based on scientificity，Emphasize the commensurability of knowledge，This is the basis for popular science education to be spread throughout modern society。However, bet365 apuestas accompanied by ecological concepts，The first thing is to respond to how people in a specific geographical space deal with the relationship with their environment，This kind of knowledge does not just emphasize the commensurability of science，You must also have the ability to respond to specific relationships between people and places，It’s about having a sense of place。Balance of commensurability and sense of place，The reason why bet365 apuestas can replace traditional popular science education。Currently，There are endless books about ancient animal and plant culture in China，Ancient bet365 apuestas atlases and even traditional medical herbal books have become increasingly popular，Bird watching in a small area by popular science author、There are also many books on understanding plants and insects。A kind of natural knowledge and nature writing with ethnogeographic characteristics，Has shown a new face of nature education。

Localization of ecological education，Inseparable from the vigorous development of bet365 apuestas，But there is also a certain "fragility" in this kind of bet365 apuestas。Currently，The “revival” of domestic bet365 apuestas is rarely realized，Enter the countryside，In order to establish a deeper and broader connection with the vast earth，This is also the only way to give ecological education a sense of place。As a reflection on China’s modernization、The "nature" of the ills of urbanized civilization，Its majestic power comes from the countryside。Not only because the countryside is a unique "natural" solution in an agricultural society，Belongs to the geographical space created by the joint efforts of man and nature，It has ecological characteristics that are completely different from urban geographical space where man-made objects occupy the absolute center of the picture，This is because most of the natural objects in the rural geographical space have been charmed by culture，Everything and everything、Grains and vegetables、cottage、Mountains and rivers、Lake、Plants, trees, birds and animals all have specific spiritual values ​​attached to them。As an emotional witness of people and things，The rural scene firmly maintains the "family affection" between people and things。

In a sense，bet365 apuestas with a scientific spirit，At the same time, we must also have the humanistic spirit to recognize the emotional relationship between people and things，There is a certain tension between science and humanity，Just as commensurability and locality are often in tension。But if the knowledge of commensurability cannot fully respond to the emotional relationship between a person and a bamboo forest，Then the mist in the bamboo forest cannot be completely dispelled。To put it simply，A kind of culture that integrates ancient animals and plants、Folklore、bet365 apuestas of information such as local knowledge and even personal experience，Only in this way can ecological education be given a sense of place to the greatest extent。

　　New form of ecological education: combination of rural education and bet365 apuestas education

　　Natural education and rural education in the historical context，Although there is overlap，But overall they are independent。While modernization and urbanization have pushed the countryside and wilderness to the margins，Rural education is also gradually disappearing in the education system。Many people have realized that rural areas play a pivotal role in dealing with social risks，But the importance of rural education and natural education as corresponding cultural measures is rarely mentioned。bet365 apuestas Comes to Hometown，In fact, it is to achieve the unity of the two，This will provide a new possible form for the localization of ecological education in China。

Rural education and natural education based on local identity have a certain natural affinity。Education must not only be oriented toward modernization、To the world、Future-oriented，It should also be oriented to the countryside and nature，Development-centrism should be supplemented by attachment to the country、The consciousness of advocating nature，Develop a sense of place and natural emotions。Rural education and natural education，It is to give full play to the personnel and affairs within the natural geographical space where people are located、Grains and vegetables、cottage、Mountains and rivers、Lake、The spiritual value attached to vegetation, birds and animals。In practice，It is to integrate historical geography into bet365 apuestas、Genealogy、Village Chronicle、local customs、Customs、Native textbooks、Diverse text forms such as folklore, flora and fauna, etc.，Finally presented as a quasi-literary local education book that combines local literature and nature writing。Exploring the necessity of rural nature education in China，Ecological education practitioners should be aware of the uniqueness of their own nation’s ecological culture at the practical level。

Human life space is a natural creation、Artifact、Man and nature cooperate to create things、The geographical space where spiritual creations and other things are intertwined，Nature is not only a landscape and resource，Also full of rich cultural significance，It is human aesthetics、Emotion、An object on which faith can be placed。Localization of ecological education，It is to promote a bet365 apuestas spirit with a sense of place。At a practical level，Outside rural areas，Modern metropolises can also tap into their own indelible natural attributes，And its rural attributes require the life of rural China、Cultural patterns for reference。

　　(Author’s affiliation: School of Liberal Arts, Renmin University of bet365 apuestas；Department of Literature, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)