In the 19th century，Successfully shaped the dramatic landscape painting characterized by wilderness，formed the unique visual image of the United States，Landscape painting has become an important cultural symbol and symbol of the United States。

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Accelerate with the process of urbanization and industrialization，City residents are getting farther away from nature，The connection between people and nature is increasingly reflected in the spirit rather than physical，Bring the landscape home，Visual images and imagination to make up for this sense of sensory lack，Re -understanding the meaning of nature becomes more and more important。But，The United States does not have a long and profound cultural tradition，But there are primitive forests and trees，Everything in nature is new，"New" is naturally presented by the Hudson River School。They will be lofty of romanticism、Dignity to associate with nature，Link the aesthetic experience with moral value，Put forward a new aesthetic form，Explore American Scenic Visual Definition。

American landscape painting also reflects the local theme and values，This is a memoir expressed by the personal personal expression of the United States，Beyond Europe’s aesthetic restrictions。Whether it is the wild scenery painting or the pastoral shepherd landscape painting，It is undoubtedly a response to the symptoms of the times，They delicately convey a cultural compensation and spiritual comfort in the natural paradise that is lost in the process of industrialization and urbanization，At the same Bet365 lotto review time, it seems to play the role of the hidden praise of the times。

From the perspective of the artist of the Hudson School，The United States does not have the bright culture and deep history of the United States，The wilderness symbolizes the potential and history of the country，Natural wonders can bring people lofty、Confidence，The scenery of the wilderness also symbolizes God's original innocence。With the rapid expansion of the Western territory of the United States，Americans hope to establish a great empire，Pioneering the West，Entering the wilderness，Drive the swamp，Conquer the wilderness，Conquer the wilderness，Conquering naturally becomes the mainstream of American society，Americans began to ask for land from the wilderness and settle in the wilderness。The artists of the Hudson River Painting School are increasingly expressing Akadian -style mid -scenes: settled landscape，Work hard to find the balance between the wilderness and the city。They often have wilderness、domestication landscape and even industrialized scenes side by side，But what is prominent is the middle scene。Because Zhongjing connects the wilderness and city，implies the stability of the rapid change period，Not only the idealized image of harmony and nature，And the changeable terrain and localforms are also harmonious、Desire for balanced social relations，Cultural Dream of the transformation of social order structure。

Of course，Some artists have also expressed the unscrupulous "progress" and fear and fear of the upcoming wilderness。For example，Early 19th Century，There are about 30 million bulls on the western prairie，By 1890, it was about the oil painting of about Bill Stat's "The Last buffalo"，Wild buffalo reduced sharply to about 1000 heads，Already endangered。Obviously countless cow Bet365 app download groups in the painting are the romantic imagination of the painter，Besides, the white resident who crowds wild buffalo，instead of the Indians。Visible，This work is not a true depiction of western landscape and history，distorted objective historical facts，Dani Bill Satt's careful conception conveys a contemporary environmental problem。

　　The tension of the aesthetic subject

The founder of the Hudson River Painting School, Korr, imagines the moral meaning in the landscape through imagination，Make landscape painting the moral function of historical painting，Reflected romantic lofty，His landscape painting and civilization development、Human morality and other grand themes related，Make art and history、Passing morality and nature is closely linked，Therefore, the meaning landscape painting。Dulander's landscape paintings are more affected by imitation doctrine and topography，Passion for details of the printmaker，Dedicated to reproduce the nature you see，meticulous to rock、Detailed depiction of scenes and other scenes in the forest，The work looks more real、Natural，Therefore, his landscape painting is a realistic and realistic scenery painting。After the 1970s，French Barbine Painting School、Germany Dusseldorf Academy、The influence of Wylus lyric dream song，Some artists such as Eneis no longer pursue the grand and details of the picture，but pursuing lonely contemplation、Inner province and an eternal sense of the soul，Emotional expression of the landscape，He eliminated the traditional form of the Hudson River School in the atmosphere of poetic and painting。

How to show natural traits，How to express emotions and artistic concepts，How to deal with the relationship between the relationship between civilization and nature，The Hudson River bet365 Play online games Painting School is not a piece of iron plate，but showing a tension，Even the claims of the same artist sometimes appear contradictory。Their landscape paintings have a tendency to realism，but not copying nature、Imitation of nature，They refine the original materials，Find a sacred picture in nature with romanticism and idealism，to meet the needs of the soul，Their landscape painting has an idealized tendency。The Hudson River Painting School advocates the unique wilderness landscape of the United States，But many of them also envy the deep history of Europe、Cultural tradition。Their work expresses progressive beliefs，But some painters have begun to alert the aggressive spirit of Americans，Worried about the "ax of civilization" will cause damage to the ecology。Visible，Their facing a multi -prism is presented，The diversity and unity of art，The complexity of the painter's heart and the complexity of thinking is so sufficient in the Hudson School。

　　Worried about the ambition of expansionism leads to social moral degradation

Art historian Mitchell regards the scenery as a tool for cultural power，is the core tool for creating a sense of national and social identity。The Hudson River Painting School passed Lenovo，It will be natural and virtue、Pure、Harmony and national unity、A sense of national pride，Landscape painting becomes an image expression of social connotation。

The landscape paintings of the Hudson river painting painters are more pointing to the current and future of the United States，They believe that the United States is destined to prosper，At the same time, worrying about the ambition of expansionism can lead to social moral degradation，Finally, the cause of the imperial cause into an inevitable decline or even destruction。Corba abandoned US nationalism，The sense of sorrow and pessimism in his work Bet365 lotto review was a full representation of the "two laws back" in the American ideological world at that time。In the early landscape paintings of the Hudson School，Aboriginal people in the Americas are an important symbol of the new world，Romanticization often exists，In fact, the actual relationship between the Aboriginal people and this land is eliminated。Hudson river painters painters just use American indigenous people as the purity of American wilderness、Original witnesses，In the landscape painting, the Indian and the original wild scenery are integrated，This proves the legitimacy of White American "Zhao Zhao's destiny"、Legality。

But，In fact, the survival of the Aboriginal people is not like this。2020 is the 400th anniversary of the "May Flower" in North America，As the American media commented，Looking back on history and reality，"May Flower" landed in North America，It is the beginning of a tragic era for the Indians。It was expelled from history、Slaughtering and compulsory assimilation，Now I am in systemic poverty and discrimination，The sound of the Indians of this mainland owner in American society are getting weaker。American "Atlantic Monthly" comment，Looking back at the 400 -year history of the West in North America，It is an out -of -the -box "blood and tears" to the American Indians。In 1492, there were 5 million Indians in North America，By 1900，Indians have decreased sharply to 250,000。Executive Director of the American Indian Affairs Association Xiangnon Keller said: "The success of the United States today is based on the massacre and extinction of another race，This historic trauma is still affecting us today。”

The US -Mexico War and the slavery controversy caused by the expansion of territorial expansion.，Treating American society、The severe conflict of the political system，Finally, bet365 best casino games the outbreak of the Civil War。This period，The landscape painting of the Hudson River School is the bond of patriotism，From the US -Mexico War to the Civil War，Many landscape paintings are embedded in natural metaphors or moral meanings in the landscape，For example, "Soul of War" in Klopis，Chuqi's "Kotapopy" and so on are all the significance of landscape painting，Use meteorological phenomena to metaphorize the tension atmosphere before the outbreak of the war。"Xi Yun's first day of Shenge，Mountain Rain wants to come to the wind and full building "，Their landscape painting presents Wuyushawong without landscape，or the outbreak of the volcanic explosion to destroy nature，Here we see the power of nature、Noble、Mei and the uncertainty about the future、Sad，These themes involve the national moral crisis，Shooting in the pursuit of the empire cause，Expansionism、greedy、The expansion of private interest may cause the country to go astray by mistake，Through natural phenomena, especially natural conflicts，metaphor the response of the artist to the political incident at that time。In the crisis，Some artists such as Klopis's "The Spirit of Peace" pray not to fight，To be peaceful，Hope to put the controversy for holding holding。And the artist Qiu Qi's work "The Banner of Our Sky" directly announced in the work that he maintains the federal、The political position and patriotic spirit of the country's split。After the war,，Some works of the Hudson River Painting School Ruqiqi's "New England Scenery"，"Signs of Hope" and "Peace and Rich" of Enies may present the rainbow after the storm，or depicting a good harvest scene，or poetic showing the blue sky、Water flowing water and tranquil grass、fields and forests，These are all foreshadowed peace、Happy arrival。In short，bet365 best casino games Here，The artist regards nature as the basic medium of nationalism，Integrate nationalist content into nature，Landscape painting carries empire vision、American Culture、Mission of moral improvement。

　　(The author is the host of the Hudson River Painting School of the National Social Science Foundation "The State Social Science Fund project、Associate Professor of the School of Art of Hunan University of Science and Technology)