Western Liberal International Order，It is a national interactive mode and their results based on liberal thoughts。Now，This order is undergoing a new round of historical evolution process from the rise and decline。If this order is declining frequently due to the inherent characteristics of the capitalist development model and the periodic deterioration of global macro conditions，Then it will eventually move towards the opposite of liberal thoughts and end thoroughly。

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The source of liberal ideas starts from the continuous growth of the European and American bourgeoisie and the rapid development of its market economy，Later。At different historical stages，Follow objects and core issues of liberal thoughts vary from time to time。Early classical liberal thoughts by John Locke's "Government Theory" solid foundation，Make forward from Adam Smith's "The Lunaries of the National Wealth"，They have built the ideological framework of "the permanent individual rights+decentralized political natural justice+the must be prosperous in free market" with the almost revolutionary enthusiasm，Breaking the monopoly position of the king and nobles for political and economic resources。European and American countries have achieved high -speed development of productivity，In the middle of the 19th century, the climax of external colonial expansion and the imperialist war appeared in the middle of the 19th century。but，With the occurrence of the capitalist economic crisis and even the outbreak of the world war，People start to follow the needs of the new situation，Reflect and correct the more primitive bet365 best casino games classic liberal claims。For example，John Kanes and other economists began to pay attention to the role of national power to save the "free market failure"。Robert Kouhan and other international relations scholars, with their scientific arguments that depend on mutual dependence and high respect for international mechanisms，greatly promoting the theoretical feasibility of international political cooperation。In an environment with peace and development for a long time，More delicate and standardized Keynesism、New freedom institutionalism and other ideas have emerged in Western countries。

Although the research objects and policy claims of liberal thoughts are constantly evolving，But the view of human nature、World View、Method Theory and other core concepts maintain historical continuity in various periods。Liberals firmly believe that "human nature is good"，At least "human nature has an ingredient that tends to cooperate"，Therefore, human individuals can organize themselves into the country and society; based on such human nature，Whether it is natural for formation or artificial design，The world must be continuously optimized for the overall order、Place of continuous upgrading of individual happiness，At least when order and happiness is destroyed，Human beings will restore their own development adjustment to the progressive track according to cooperative rationality; therefore，Whether in the country or the international community，Personal or between the country can and should develop morality、Regular、Ideological political and economic cooperation。

　　How can the international order of liberalism become possible 

Liberalism has largely become the mainstream thoughts that dominate Western international order after the end of the Cold War to 2017，This historical phenomenon is mainly promoted by bet365 best casino games the two progressive role of liberal thoughts with the US foreign strategy。

First，Liberalism meets the laws of productivity development within a certain stage。On the one hand，Two World War and Cold War caused a huge damage to the Western national economy，European and American great powers have been in high -pressure confrontation and huge consumption status for a long time，Politics' suppression of the economy is endangered，People of all countries are eager to accelerate the rapid flow and optimization allocation of resources through liberal methods such as globalization，Resume normal social production，Improve material living standards。On the other hand，In the confrontation between the hot war and the Cold War，Military technology of Western countries has obtained important breakthroughs，A large amount of military technology needs to be transformed into civil technology and serves capital appreciation。Therefore，The reality of the development of productive forces in Western countries requires a free market and loose order。

Next，Liberalism meets modern life requirements。The essence of the modernization process is the process of political rights and material wealth from "minority" to "most people"。For example，18、The political power and material wealth of Europe in the 19th century from a very small number of kings and nobles flow to more bourgeoisie。Under the long -term international confrontation of the 20th century，The political and economic resources of Western countries are forced to concentrate，After the end of the Cold War，The modernization process that has slowed down began to accelerate，The historical view of liberalism is helpful for the merger of this coupling merger。

Last，The US foreign strategy needs to be morally packaged with cooperative rationality。After the end of the Cold War，The United States bet365 best casino games becomes the only superpower，Established an hegemonic order that meets the interests of the United States。but，The cost of supporting hegemony is too high。To quickly cross the "Augustus threshold"，Cultivate and strengthen the internal drive motivation of other countries to serve the United States，Maintain the dominance of the country at a lower cost，The United States respects morality in the United States to rendering liberal thoughts、The side of the rules and cooperation，and penetrate the ideology of the country and the West、Dialogue rules bully、Geed Political Ambition、Fintech monopoly packaging is the selfless international contribution and benign cooperation of Dagong。This objectively improves the international legitimate status of liberal thought in the Western world，It also once consolidated the status of US hegemony。

　Why does the state of liberal international order go to decline 

But，Based on Trump in 2016, it is marked by the election of the United States President and Brexit，Western liberal international order began to turn sharply，Towards decline。On the one hand，Internal identity politics in Europe and the United States，Social thought tide chaos，The distribution mechanism fails，People generally have doubts about the life and development of liberalism。On the other hand，Politics in the international relations in the international relations，Realism back to the tide，The trend of rising status of non -national behavior is interrupted。The evolution trend of this international order is mainly derived from three changes。

First, the western bourgeoisie is moving towards the opposite side of modern life。Revolution、Reform and foreign war overthrowing the rule of the king and nobles，Political rights and material wealth are indeed shared by more bourgeoisiers。Therefore，Bet365 app download During a certain historical period，The bourgeoisie has historical progress in modernity。But，When the bourgeoisie monopolizes political and economic resources，However, the capitalist spirit of worship unlimited value -added refuses to guide resources to continue sinking，Failure to benefit the wider general public。So，The Western bourgeoisie has actually stood on the opposite side of modern life。Differentiated by the two poles of wealth、Social tear intensification、Under the serious reality of populism，Liberal packaging is increasingly difficult to explain in western countries。

Second, the process of innovation and industrialization in American science and technology innovation is slowing。As the greatest maintenanceer and beneficiary of Western liberal international order，The ability of the United States to provide material foundation for liberal ideas is declining。On the one hand, because the capital force is to shorten the profit cycle，More and more inclined to invest in entertainment、Finance and other fast -moving fast -out industries，Basic scientific research with a long cultivation cycle is slow。On the other hand, because limited technological innovation is mainly college、Research institution led，The gap between research results and market demand is large，Scientific research projects are more reduced to mathematical models，Become a game of self -entertainment。Therefore，The incremental space for incremental benefits promoted by the United States is severely shrinking and is forced to turn to the stock of interests around the world，As a result, the international community has increased anger，The atmosphere of the cooperation was destroyed，Liberal Thinking Tide。From this perspective，Sino -US competition is just part of the competition bet365 best casino games between the United States and the world，It is by no means the full picture of the US foreign competition relationship。

Third, global governance deficits objectively require national power to "return"。After nearly 30 years of rapid development after the Cold War，A large number of governance problems that non -national subjects cannot solve emerging globally。For example，Coordination of environmental protection policy、All kinds of refugees resettlement、Grain Energy Crisis, etc.，Personal、Enterprises or international organizations cannot fundamentally respond to it。But，Sovereignty conditions，The state comes to solve the global governance deficit, which means politics、Security、The status of power elements such as ideology and other power rises naturally，The state to solve the problem of "freedom" with "order" will inevitably need to face the conflict between various order vision。"Returning" of national power may not be the best solution to the global governance deficit，But it is an inevitable choice of humans under the current political conditions。The global cooperation process formed by the international mechanism advocated by liberal ideas has to be temporarily coming to an end。

Whether the liberal international order respected by Western countries can revive and continue，Mainly depends on the instinct of the bourgeoisie to inhibit its monopoly wealth，To what extent the United States can turn strategic attention to creating benefits，and how much the global governance deficit is relieved。Liberal Thought only to develop productivity、Modern life and international cooperation play a positive role in promoting，It is possible to inject vitality into its dominant international order;，can only be reduced to the "Emperor's New Clothing" that is not in Western countries。Although Bet365 lotto review the decline in this round of the international order of Western Liberalism may be adjusted due to certain policies at a certain time in the future，But if the inherent disadvantages of the capitalist development model and the periodic deterioration of the global macro environment，The frequency of decline in this order is too high、Consumption for recovery is too long，The end will end up for a thorough end because of the "resting symbol".。

　(Author Unit: Institute of American Academy of Social Sciences)