Entering the 21st century, especially in the past ten years，The main consciousness of the theoretical scholar of China International Relations is significantly enhanced，The call for establishing international relations with Chinese school or international relations with Chinese characteristics is increasingly rising。but，In the recent exploration and discussion，Scholars pay more attention to the necessity of the theory of the rise of Chinese school and the theory of international relations with Chinese characteristics、Possibility and legitimacy，Observation of core issues is relatively small。It is true，The generation of schools and characteristics must not have no theory of meta -theory、Discussion and controversy of epistemology and methodology，But in the final analysis, it still develops and evolved around core issues。Important theory in international relations，For example, new realism、New Free Institutionalism、Relationalism、World System Theory、dependent theory，Actually, it is based on a certain core problem as the basis of experience。Current，Theoretical research of international relations is mainly focused on the two types of problems: "change" and "unchanged"，Where，What pays more attention is "Change"。and China International Relations Theory wants to innovate，Can't "choose one"，Instead, pay attention to two types of problems at the same time，Only in -depth research and excavation of dynamic conversion behind different issues，can we enhance the foresight and interpretation of China's theory of international relations。

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The characteristics of the theory are to answer big questions，That is with human politics、Fundamental bet365 live casino games or epoch -making issues that are closely related to economic and social life。Based on the foundation of experience/research objects，We can divide this kind of problem into two categories，Among them, the first type of problem follows "changes"，The second type of problem focuses on "unchanged"。

The first type of problem follows "changes"。The so -called "change" refers to epoch -making politics、Economic or scientific and technological changes。Karl Polandi (Karl Polandi) published "Big Transformation" in 1944，Captured the historic change of world politics in the industrial civilization era of "free market economy"。From Poland's view，The free market economy is not a "spontaneous order"，Instead, a overall institutional arrangement that destroys the structure of the predecessor of the modern society，International Communism is a response to this。The Golden System is the main tool of the market economy，The basis of existence is trade protectionist policy，The root cause of the outbreak of the First World War is the disintegration of the Golden System。

Fudan University professor Tang Shiping regards World War II as a turning point in the era of international relations，that is, from the era of offensive realism, the era of stability of offensive realism to the era of defensive realism。Compared to previous，The number of countries after World War II has increased significantly。Even a weak country，Its territorial sovereignty has also been fully respected by the international community，Forces to change the territorial distribution status will be severely punished，The number and intensity of the number of international war dropped sharply。

The second type of problem is concerned about "unchanged"，that is, the attributes that focus on the continuous existence of human society、Phenomenon and mechanism。Relationalism proposed by Qin Yaqing, a lecturer at Shandong University, is a model of such problems。Qin Yaqing thinks，Relations bet365 Play online games are the essence of human society and international relations，International relations formed by continuous maintenance relationships。Correspondingly，International relations actors are also actors in the relationship，So the process -relationship in exercise -is the ontology of international relations。So，In international relations，The actions of the perpetrator first depend on the relationship。Not only that，Relationship does not exclude "rational" in the theory of mainstream international relations in the West，Because reason is a type of relationship，It can be called "Relationship Reason"。

Relationalism represents the first subtype of "unchanged"，That is the fundamental attribute of society。Prospects theory belongs to another subtype of "unchanged"，That is human nature。The basic idea of ​​this theory is that people tend to adventure in the losses and tend to be in the field of obtaining the domain。Actually，This idea indicates，People "suffer" in the crisis are more than "suffering"，Reflected ancient Chinese wisdom。For the same amount of resources (endowment)，The pain of loss is significantly greater than the happiness obtained。This discovery is rooted in human genes，The result of the evolution of human beings in millions of years，No individual differences。Prospect Theory has been widely supported and applied in foreign decisions, especially crisis decisions,，It is both a useful supplement to the theory of mainstream rational selection，Also with rational selection theory together。

The two types of theory above are not clear，Instead, there is an intersection。The structural realism theory of Kenneth Waltz, a American scholar Kenneth Waltz, was criticized by scholars as the theory of static and rigidity，Castated the history of Western politics since the Middle Ages，For example, the so -called (sovereign) country is the most important international relations.，It does not conform to Bet365 lotto review the political reality of Europe in the Middle Ages。Not only that，Although Walz himself admits that "the potential" is the international political law of the Western world for thousands of years，But the foundation of its theoretical experience is exactly the peace between the two camps of the early and mid -term of the Cold War。Looking at the history of international relations centered on the West since modern times，This historical stage of peace, although the premise is based on structural violence，But it is rare，Is a huge change。

　　Why do international relations scholars pay more attention to "change" 

Between "Change" and "Unchanged"，International relations scholars overwhelmingly chose to pay attention to "Change"。Changes in world politics are both the focus of application countermeasure research，It is also the main source of experience in international relations theory。Not only that，Changes are the strong driving force of the rise of international relations。The end of the Cold War marks structural changes in international relations，The domestic conflict that was suppressed by the confrontation of the two camps in the past strong outbreak，Replacement of international conflicts becomes the focus of international security research，Quickly grow into a prominent sub -subject。Another example，Enter the 21st century，The rapid rise of terrorism research，To a large extent, due to the "9 · 11" incident, it has a strong shock to world politics。

International relations scholars pay attention to "change" or "unchanged"，Both personal preferences，It also reflects the differences in scholars on world view and epistemology。Waltz pointed out when responding to criticism，Human political life is always changing，But most of the changes are insignificant。Comparison of comparison，Those political laws that are unchanged for thousands of years are the focus of international relations scholars。John Mearsheimer (John Mearsheimer) Bet365 lotto review in the debate on the formation and role of the international system，strongly defended the basic creed of realism。He thinks，Realism as a political belief has never declined since millennium，The end of the Cold War is just a small fragment of human political history，We have no reason to think that this incident has falsely realism。The continuous east expansion of NATO after the Cold War is a strong experience in realism，We can't assert that realism has declined。

On the contrary，Some scholars emphasize，The important theory of international relations is often based on reflection and questioning of major changes in human political life。From the historical perspective，Such changes are often catastrophic，For example, two World War。In the past 200 years，Some basic facts in world politics have changed，Including the nature of power and the structure of economic life。The change has accelerated and produced a series of new and urgent questions that need to be answered，For example，How the power expansion achieved through technical changes and diffusion has an impact on world politics; since the establishment of Westpulia system，Is the international relations realizing substantial progress，If it is yes，So the reason for progress is the development of human wisdom，It is still the improvement of human morality; how the social structure of major countries in the world has become increasingly diversified and complicated to affect international relations; how the multinational relations network and non -governmental organizations affect national governance。

　Two types of problems fusion help theoretical innovation 

Although international relations scholars choose to conduct theoretical innovation research issues，More inclined to get inspiration from "change"，But for Chinese scholars who are working hard for the construction of China's independent international relations theoretical knowledge system，The key is not to choose to pay attention bet365 best casino games to "change" or "constant"，Instead, two types of problems should be merged，in the long period，Extract those change information with epoch -making significance，Research。In this sense,，For Chinese scholars，Compared with the political and social phenomenon that changes in the short period of time，Politics and social phenomena in the long -term period often have more theoretical inspiration。Of course，Like and pursue changes is the nature of human。Compared to those "hidden rules" that are not changed in human society and political life，Changing changes in the sun can attract the attention of scholars。International relations theory has never lack of "change" material。Description and explanation of endless changes，It has indeed promoted the increase in international relations，and make incredible contributions to foreign decisions。But to realize the innovation of international relations theory，It also needs to identify real changes and false changes，And on this basis locks those epoch -making profound changes。

In short，China's international relations must achieve a qualitative leap，Study on the two types of problems of "change" and "unchanged" must be committed at the same time，In particular, those stable attributes in the history of human politics and international relations should be tapped、Phenomenon and Law。China has a long history of civilization，Breeding rich political wisdom，For this，"Historical Records" and "Warring States Policy" and other historical and cultural books have rich records，It is an important information about the theory of studying the research of Chinese international relations。Similarly，The world in the change also contains rich epoch -making big problems，Such as artificial intelligence、Global Industrial Chain Layout、Southern Global Southern, all new variables and new problems appearing in world politics。Which or which one or which can produce global relations、Deep influence，Test the judgment and insight of scholars。Facing bet365 Play online games the deep contemporary century propositions of the "century -old change in the world" faced by humans，As long as you can explain the specific meaning of this proposition，I hope to create an international relations theory with strong foresight and explanation。

　　(The author is a professor at the Institute of International Relations of Yunnan University; Doctoral Students of the Institute of International Relations of Yunnan University)