Huagang (1903-1972)，Formerly known as Huayan Nian，Zhejiang Longyou。Zhejiang Eighth Division、Zhejiang Fourth Middle School。1924，Join the Chinese Socialist Youth League，Ren Youth League Ningbo Land Committee Propaganda Minister。August 1925，The Secretary of the Nanjing Earth Committee of the Youth League。September of the same year，Join the Communist Party of China，After serving as the Secretary of the Shanghai and West District Committee of the Youth League、Minister of Propaganda of the Jiangsu and Zhejiang District Party Committee、Duan Zhejiang Provincial Party Secretary、The secretary of the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and the secretary of the Provincial Party Committee of the Tuanshunzhi Provincial Party Committee。May 1928，Go to Moscow to attend the Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Fifth Congress of the Chinese Communist Youth League，and was elected as a member of the Central Committee and Minister of Propaganda，At the same time, I participated in the "six major" of the Communist International and the "Five Congress" of the youth Communist International。After returning to China，Responsible for preparation and editor -in -chief of the central authority of the group "Lenin Youth"。1930，The Propaganda Minister of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China、Member of the Action Committee of the Yangtze River Bureau、Propaganda Minister of the Organization Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。early 1931，As a inspector of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China。1932，Directed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as Secretary of the Manchuria Special Committee，Arrested on the way to office，It was not released until 1937。Since then served as the Propaganda Minister of the Hubei Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China，After being appointed by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China as the first editor -in -chief of Xinhua Daily。1941，As a representative of the Communist Party of China, go to Xikang to work in the United Front。1943，Ren Propaganda Minister of the Southern Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China，Go to Yunnan to do Longyun's united front work。October 1945，Ren Guo Communist Communist Party negotiated the CPC Central Committee Counselor。1946，Hosted the CCP delegation in Shanghai Office and served as Secretary of the Shanghai Working Committee。Visit Yan'an in early 1947。1949，Assistance to guide the work of Shandong University，After being selected as a member and director of the school committee。February 1951，It was officially appointed by the Central People's Government as the president and party secretary of Shandong University，In the same year, the magazine of "Culture and History" was founded and concurrently served as the president。

Huagang's main works include "The History of the Chinese Revolution from 1925 to 1927", "History of Chinese National Liberation Movement", "History of Social Development", "History of the Revolutionary War of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom", "History of the May 4th Movement" "The History of the Soviet Union", "The Case of Chinese History", "The Logistic Development of Lu Xun Thought", "The Outline of Dialectical Materialism", etc.;。

Huagang (1903-1972) is an outstanding proletarian revolutionary，It is also an excellent Marxist theorist and educator。His life "Persist in truth、Serve the people "as the purpose，Make important contributions to the theoretical research of the party's revolution and Marxism。

The editorial board of the first "Culture History and Philosophy" photo information picture

　Bet365 lotto review

Huagang called himself "first of all soldiers，Followed by scholars "。As a professional revolutionary，He has served as many important positions within the party，In the party's mass movement、Theoretical publicity、united front and other tasks have played a key role。Affected by the May 4th Movement，Huagang was actively engaged in the student movement when he was young。During the study period in Zhejiang No. 4 Middle School in Ningbo，Guidance from the early youth movement leader of the Communist Party of China，This has increased his ideological awareness and political theory.。

1924，During the period when serving as the Minister of Propaganda, the Youth League,，Huagang has initially experienced the baptism of the revolution。He published related articles，Organize "Non -Christian Grand Mandarin Ningbo Branch" and other actions，Participated in the "Non -Christian Movement" that opposed Bet365 app download imperialist cultural aggression。During the May 30th Movement，He also participated in the organization of Ningbo students' strikes、Parade、Anti -imperial Publicity、Economic Juejiu Movement for Britain and Japan。He also participated in the editing and progressive publication "Fire"，Remove the "nationalist school" to switch class concepts with national concepts，Or the way of Ming or Destroy the Anti -Emperor Patriotic Movement and fooling young people，and fight against the reactionary forces of Ningbo。

1926，During work in Shanghai，Huagang Instructor Organize the launch of workers and peasants，Actively guide students with revolutionary enthusiasm，Efforts to form a joint front of students and various revolutionary forces and even middle forces，Keep running in order to welcome the victory of the Northern Expedition。He organized students and participated in the third armed uprising of Shanghai workers，After winning the victory, the joint government with the working class as the main body。1927，Chiang Kai -shek launched the "April Two" counter -revolutionary coup，Cruel slaughter of Communist Party members and revolutionary people，The party organization was severely damaged。Under this kind of white horror，Huagang insisted on ideal，Persist in fighting，Work hard to restore the organization，Participate in organizational riots in many places。

1928，He went to Moscow to participate in the Sixth National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the five major Chinese Communist Youth League。After returning to China，In addition to the work of the Central Committee and the Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee of the Communist Party of China，He also accepted an important task: according to the 1888 English translation of the 1888 read by Engels，Re -translate the "Communist Declaration"。This translation was published secretly in 1930，It is the second Chinese full translation published in China after Chen Wangdao's translation，It is also the first translation translated by scholars within the party。The solid theoretical foundation allows Huagang to accurately interpret the Communist Declaration，Especially the last sentence, "The world's proletariat is united!" More accurate，closer to the current general translation "The world's proletarians，Union! "

After the September 18th Incident 1931，Huagang participated in the "Shanghai People's Anti -Japanese Salvation Federation" in Shanghai (hereinafter referred to as "people's anti -anti -")。"People's Anti -Anti -" through organizational demonstration，Publishing Conference "Anti -Japanese People", etc.，Drive the entire anti -Japanese salvation campaign，Huagang and others have invested a lot of energy for this purpose。In the "One · 28" Songhu Anti -Japanese War，Huagang and others will also be in the name of "people's anti -anti -"，Organized the Volunteers Committee，Publicity through the front line、Organize military -civilian federations，and engage in military operation，Assisting the 19th Route Army to fight。

1932，Huagang was unfortunately arrested on the way to the Secretary of the Manchuria Special Committee of the Communist Party of China，He has been detained in Jinan、Qingdao、Wuchang and other places。In prison，Huagang has suffered the intimidation of the enemy，I never exposed my identity，I did not make any disadvantages to the party。until 1937，He was released under the rescue of Dong Biwu。After being released from prison，Huagang was once again heavy by the Central Committee，As the first editor -in -chief of Xinhua Daily。"Xinhua Daily" is a Political Organization Powder founded by the Communist Party of China，Carry out the work under the direct guidance of the senior leaders of the Communist Party of China in Zhou Enlai。Huagang and the newspaper colleagues over the Kuomintang's obstruction and destruction，The Xinhua Daily was held as a promotion of the Anti -Japanese War in the National Tongtong District and the party's program、policy、Position of Policy，It had an important impact。Hua Gang also with Hu Qiaomu、Wang Yunsheng together，Known as the "Three Big Three of the Three Starts"。

1941，Zhou Enlai appointed Huagang to contact Liu Wenhui in western Sichuan。Huagang talked to Liu Wenhui through Huagang，Help him clarify the political direction，Make Liu Wenhui enter the actual cooperation stage from the general contact with the CCP。early 1943，Huagang went to Yunnan to do the united front work of Longyun，Successfully won Longyun and others to support the democratic revolution。He also participated in advocating the establishment of the Southwest Cultural Research Association，Organize a group of democratic Bet365 app download people in the cultural and educational community in Kunming，Promote the policy of the Communist Party of China to them，spread Marxism，Unity Li Gong Pu、Wen Yiduo、Fei Xiaotong、Wu Yan and other famous people carry out patriotic democratic movements，Make an important contribution to building Kunming into a democratic fortress behind it。

1946，Huagang as Secretary of the Shanghai Working Committee of the Communist Party of China。Under his suggestion，The Shanghai Working Committee passed the Shanghai People's Group Federation and Shanghai students to fight for the Peace Federation，Organized the Shanghai People's Peace petition group，Go to Nanjing for "call for peace、Request to Oppose the Civil War，At the same time, about 100,000 anti -civil war masses were held in Shanghai。New Year's Day in 1947，Huagang also participated in the organization of more than 100,000 people from Shanghai students to protest the U.S. migration march，Promoting the rising of the patriotic democratic movement，Gradually formed the second battlefield of the Chinese people's anti -American and anti -Chiang Chiang。

　　Building a Marxist revolutionary history system

As a scholar，Huagang's life is committed to Marxism's academic research, especially historical research，In the construction of a Marxist revolutionary history system、Research on the history of social development、Exploring Marxist history methods，All achieved fruitful results。These achievements not only have important academic value，Also with the research results of other Marxist theorists in the same period，Provides ideological and theoretical weapons for the ultimate victory of the Communist Party of China for the Communist Party of China。

The 1930s，With Marxism's extensive and in -depth communication in China，Many historians began to use Marxist historical view and methodology to engage in Chinese historical research。They target and solve the real problems of Chinese society as the goal，Under the guidance of the historical view of materialism，Explore and use Marxist history research methods，Open and expand many new areas of historic research，Fine specific issues of Chinese historical research，Preliminary formed of Chinese Marxist history academic system。In this process，Huagang focuses on the study of the history of Chinese revolution and special history，It has made unique contributions to the study of the research system of Marxism Revolutionary History and Revolutionary History.。His masterpiece "The History of the Chinese Revolution from 1925 to 1927", "History of the Liberation Movement of Chinese Nationalities", "History of the May 4th Movement", "History of the Revolutionary War of the Taiping Heaven", etc.，All show the academic concept of the historical view of materialism、Historical concepts and analysis methods。

First，"The History of the Chinese Revolution from 1925 to 1927" and "History of the Liberation Movement of the Chinese Nationality" are both Huagang created by the need for the time of the era，It is a concentrated manifestation of the academic concept of "historical view of reality"。"The History of the Chinese Revolution from 1925 to 1927" published in 1931 is the research of the study of the history of the Great Revolution of China。As a revolutionaries who have experienced the Great Revolution and witnessed the failure of the Great Revolution，Huagang emphasized that one of the main purpose of writing this book is to summarize historical experience and lessons，so that the successors can better welcome the new great battle after learning the lesson。The first three chapters of this book analyzed the far and recent causes of the Chinese Revolution，Study on a large amount of information and facts，Clarified the economic foundation of Chinese society，Clarified the semi -colonial semi -feudal nature of modern Chinese society。This serious analysis of China's national conditions，Provides the basis for formulating the correct route and strategy for the revolution。Chapter 6 explains the understanding of the nature and motivation of the revolution in the Communist Party of China，For the Party's Workers' Movement、Land Revolution、Participate in the revolutionary government、Organizing the route adopted by revolutionary armed forces、policy、Policy、Strategy, etc. made a comprehensive analysis、review and summary，Educated many revolutionaries。

The first edition of "History of the Liberation Movement of the Chinese Nationality" in 1940，At that time, the Anti -Japanese War was in a hard work and was in the field。For Japanese scholars Akira Akihsawa, I deliberately distort Chinese history，"I want to defend its invasion of China from the development form of Chinese social history bet365 Play online games as the" jihad "，On the one hand, Huagang passed articles such as "Chinese History of Chinese History" through "Evaluate the Invasuality"，Reactionary reactionary of the historios of aggressor，Criticized "Chinese Social Outreachment" and aggressionism、Chinese historical cycle theory and the so -called "stagnation of Asia", etc.; On the other hand，He wrote "History of the Liberation Movement of the Chinese Nationality"，Establish the correct、Scientific Marxist historical view。This book is based on the National Liberation Movement，From 1840 Opium War，down to 1925-1927 China Revolution，Crossing nearly a century of Chinese history，Some scholars call it "the foundation of the foundation of modern history of modern Chinese" guided by Marxism。Huagang expressed in the order of this self -order，The first draft of the book was caused by the tension of the Anti -Japanese War to adapt to the reader's eager need，The main task is to provide the historical facts and experience lessons of the modern Chinese nation liberation movement， To encourage the emotional emotion of the Anti -Japanese War，Avoid the mistakes that repeat the failure of the past national anti -war。Comparative analysis of the Book of Sino -Japanese War and the Anti -Japanese War in the book，It is the most distinguished manifestation of this goal。He pointed out: Although the enemy of the Sino -Japanese War is still today's enemy，But China's historical conditions and international conditions today，Compared with the Sino -Japanese War of War，Fundamental changes have taken place，"So if anyone uses the Sino -Japanese War as an example，I thought that Chinese weapons are not as good as Japan，Can't defeat the Japanese invaders，What to post ‘Anti -Japanese War will die’，‘Battle to Death’ or ‘Battle is two injuries’、‘He Ze two Starts’ fallars，That is the traitor theory of Wang Nat.。

Next，Hua Gang's discussion of the root cause and nature of the revolution in his revolutionary history works，Both fully reflect the role of materialistic history and the role of economic foundation in the historical process and historical changes，Putting production tools、The changes in productivity are regarded as the root cause of social changes.。For example，Discussion on the Revolution of 1911，Hua Gang proposed，The contradiction between the demands between imperialism and the Qing government to maintain the old production relationship and the demands of the productivity development of Chinese national capitalism is the root cause of the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution。Another example，In the discussion of the Chinese Revolution from 1925-1927，Huagang's obstacles caused by detailed analysis of imperialism and feudal forces to national capitalism and rural economic development，The main task of demonstrating this revolution is to overthrow the rule of imperialism、Su Qingfeng's forces to eliminate this obstacle。

Last，In the summary of the failure of the revolutionary failure，Huagang generally uses the class analysis method of materialist history。For example，In "The History of the Revolutionary War of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom"，He proposed，The root cause of the failure of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Revolution is that there is no strong leading class。The peasant class has conservatives、San Man、Non -organization and other limitations，At that time, China had not yet formed a more advanced bourgeoisie and proletariat，Especially without the leadership of the proletariat and its party，It is difficult to succeed by the peasant revolution。

　Research on the history of social development

Marxist Material History Observatory on an important impact on the field of Chinese history research，is the rise of the study of social development。According to statistics，From May 4th to the end of the 1920s，The more famous social development history published in China is Cai Hesen's "History of Social Evolution"、Li Da's "Modern Sociology"、Ma Zhemin’s "History of Social Evolution"、Deng Chumin’s "History of Social Evolution" and other more than ten units。Although these historical works of social development can basically be guided by the historical view of materialism，Describe the origin and development of human society，Clarify the general law of social development，But there are also some defects。Huagang published the book "History of Social Development" in 1940，It aims to remedy these defects。First，Due to the influence of social evolutionary thoughts，The previous history of social development generally regards social evolution as a gradual process of quantitative Bet365 app download change，Ignoring the mutation of the median development of social development -the existence of the revolutionary facts。"History of Social Development" for the first time replaced the "history of social development" instead of the "history of social evolution"，In the analysis of the collapse of different social forms, especially emphasized the important role of revolutionary play。Second，The previous history of social development usually only talks about capitalism，"It seems that the previous history of capitalism exists to prepare the capitalist system，But the capitalism itself，But it is not to prepare a higher historical stage.。Huagang's "Capitalist Society" in "History of Social Development"，List "Socialist Society" separately，The inevitability of the arrival of socialist society、The characteristics of its production method and the transition of socialism to communism，I made a detailed introduction。third，Some scholars in order to demonstrate the general and general laws of Chinese history in line with the development of world history，Rarely pay attention to or even completely erase Chinese history、Society、Special characteristics of national conditions。Comparison of comparison，Research on Huagang pays special attention to the analysis of Chinese society。For example，When analyzing the characteristics of Chinese slavery，He pointed out，"The Yin Dynasty in China was the original social differentiation -the formation of slavery，It has been arbitrary facts。However, Chinese history is due to the remains of ancient clan systems and other social conditions，Make the slave society of Yin Dynasty also have land state -owned land、Central Government Rights、Special forms such as the split form of the commune and the national water management "。Research on the history of social development at that time at that time，all played a positive role in promoting。

In addition to studying specific history，Huagang has also made many valuable explorations in the historical theory and methods of Marxism.。In the book "Case of Chinese History"，He proposed，History as a science，It must be realistic for truth，Even to promote the role of the people's liberation struggle，It is not allowed to fabricate history。If the historical facts are based，It is suspected of fabrication，or at least not completely real，The premise of the end is both a failure or error，The argument will inevitably lose the meaning of objective truth。To build "Shin History"，Find the "Original Face" of history，First of all, it is necessary to use verification appropriately，But be careful。Specifically，First, we must review various historical materials with interrelated vision。For example, if you want to explore the attitude of life in the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties，You need to talk about it、metaphysics、Hiddenness、wine medicine, etc. as a whole to investigate，Inspecidaries to unblock the connection between them; Second, be careful not to evaluate the past history with the concept of today -such as the manifestation of Liang Hongyu who hit the husband as "female awakening"，Or deliberately compared between the past and modern institutional forms -for example, I believe that Wang Anshi's method of protecting armor、Sui and Tang dynasties are compatible with the modern constitutional system。Next，It also needs to have progress and correct ideological method。Specifically，Just stand on the people's position，Those emperors、Noble、Warlord、The history of "drinking blood" such as landlords and other "bloody people" is positive; in the research process, pay attention to the distinction and accidental、Main phenomenon and secondary phenomena，Grasp the mainstream and decision link of history，"Only this，We can follow the development rules of the object itself，Set one by one in the right place，and from the object of the objective conclusion "。Last，Pay attention to the use of wild history。Because there is often a distorted and modified facts because of Zhengshi to meet the requirements required by the ruler at that time，Therefore, the personal writings from various eras should be paid attention to、Miscellaneous、Collection、The beneficial ingredients of supplementing and ordering positive historical materials in poems。Due to wild history and literary works, after all, private emotions are mixed with private emotions，So there is an inevitable prejudice，In this case，To make history more credible，You must take a letter to the real thing，That is, the utensils of people in various eras found in archeology。

　Founded "Culture History and Philosophy" magazine

After the founding of New China，Huagang devoted to education，Continue to contribute to socialist construction。During the period of serving as the president and party secretary of Shandong University，He attaches importance to talents、Style Democracy，Actively implement the reform of the new education system，Created a distinctive discipline planning blueprint，Make the school show a good teaching order、High work efficiency、Angry、Struggling upward situation。A major contribution of Huagang at Shandong University，is "the first to open the atmosphere"，In 1951, he founded the nation's first academic science and science newspaper "Literature History and Philosophy"。

At the beginning of the publication，"Culture History and Philosophy" is just a fan publication，Journal funds shall be borne by Huagang and the teachers participating in the journal，Due to the lack of professional editors，There is no sales in the publication。These difficulties have not affected the enthusiasm of the journal of Huagang，He personally hosts the organization of the manuscript、review and modification，Read it through each article，In order to rush the publishing time，Frequently assault changes to the manuscript overnight。To improve the academic level of the publication，He also actively invited well -known domestic experts and scholars to write a draft for "History History and Philosophy"，Write the draft。During the working period of "History and History and Philosophy"，Huagang attaches importance to supporting young scholars，Encourage and guide young people to write，Requires "Try to make a new author appear in each issue as much as possible"，Cultivated a large number of young and middle -aged talents through "Culture History and Philosophy"。These have fully demonstrated the pioneering spirit of Huagang as the founder。

In the process of founding "History and History"，Always insist on promoting Marxism，Through the work of "History and History", actively encourage liberal arts teachers to learn Marxism -Leninism，Make the liberal arts professor at Shandong University in the early 1950s accepted Marxism -Leninism in a short period of time，and start using the basic theory of Marxism -Leninism to study Chinese history，Discuss the Asian production method、Chinese slave society and feudal society staged major historical topics。

At the same time，Huagang believes that the relationship between Marxism and academics is the former guidance and latter，instead of replacing the latter，Marxism can not be "set to one"。When there are different academic opinions,，It must be solved through free discussion。Under the guidance of such a journal concept，"Literature History and Philosophy" has become a hundred competing academic stage。For example，Ancient Chinese historical staging issues are a problem in the historic community，Some professors have their own opinions，But dare not fight with those who hold the "feudal theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty"，Because of fear of confusing the boundary of academic and political issues。Huagang himself agrees with the "feudal theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty"，But he talked with this professor with an open mind，Encourage him to clarify his views，Write the article published in "Culture History and Philosophy"，It caused an academic discussion，Affects the entire historic community。Later, "Farmers' War Issues", "The Background of the Dream of Red Mansions", "Capitalism", "The Symbol of Capitalism"，Also due to the advocacy of "Literature and History", the attention and discussion of the domestic academic circles，Some of these problems until the 2030 years before the reform and opening up，It is always an important topic in the enthusiastic discussion of the academic community in the country。

"Literature History and Philosophy" always insists on academic trends、Leading academic trends，Widely called Tao，Respect and respect for academic circles at home and abroad。The achievement of these achievements，The tone laid by Huagang when it was created is obviously inseparable。May 2021，General Secretary Xi Jinping replied to all editors of the editorial department of "Culture History"，I have raised earnest expectations for running a good philosophy and social science journal。In a reply，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，"Culture History and Philosophy" has been founded for 70 years，Under the party's leadership，Several generations of editors Guozheng Innovation、Live Fire，Promoting Chinese Bet365 lotto review civilization、Prosperity academic research and other aspects did a lot of work，Win a certain reputation at home and abroad。High -quality academic journals are to adhere to the original heart、Leading innovation，Show high -level research results，Support the growth of outstanding academic talents，Promoting Chinese and foreign academic exchanges。

As an extensive theorist，The academic research and achievements of Huagang are not limited to the field of history。After the founding of New China，His research began to focus on literature and philosophy，and from the perspective of Marxism's theoretical perspective，I made a certain contribution。When Huagang was at Shandong University，The "Lu Xun Research" course was set up for the Chinese Department，Guide these teachers to study Lu Xun's essay with Marxism's views and methods、Fiction、Prose，Explore the formation and development of Lu Xun's literary thoughts，Analysis of Lu Xun’s status and contribution in the history of modern literature in China，The formation of the formation of "Lu Xun Xue" later was laid down。In terms of philosophy，Huagang wrote "The Theory of Aesthetics" and "Law Theory"。In "Aesthetic Essentials"，He explained in depth and detail the views on the issues of aesthetics，Preliminary formed a theoretical point of view with integrity and systematic。For example，On the study of the fundamental problem of the "essence of beauty"，He proposed the flashing thought of "grasp the nature of beauty in people's aesthetic relations"。The book "Law Theory" written by Huagang，It is known as the most systematic book that has been thinking about the laws since the founding of New China。This book quotes a large amount of natural scientific materials，Qi Qi Qiang's internal connection between philosophy and various natural sciences。The book is also starting from the reality of socialism，Focus on analyzing the various expression forms of contradictions and the corresponding ways to solve contradictions，Especially seriously studying the independence significance and role of the three basic laws of materialist dialectics and its relationship with each other，It is helpful for the laws of contradictions under the study of socialist conditions。

Life，Huagang both bowed on the two fronts of the proletarian revolution and Marxist theory，Always "persist in truth、Serve the people "，Grasp the specific truth，Use the scientific spirit and method to deal with problems，The biggest requirements for "serving the people"，Show the sincerity of the older generation of revolutionaries and theorists vividly。Although from today's point of view，The academic research of Huagang may have some deficiencies，But the achievements of the blue road of the road cannot be wiped out，The truth of study is more worthy of the admiration and learning of younger generations。

　(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Nanjing Normal University)