Xia Zhentao (1931-2014)，Zi Di Bo，Penname Ye Bing，People from Anhua, Hunan，Honorary First-Class Professor of Renmin University of China，Doctoral Supervisor of School of Philosophy。1931，He was born in Fuzhu Village, Erdu Township, Anhua County, Hunan Province (now Yangjiaotang Town)。Student in local primary school in early years、Anhua Yujiang Junior High School、Hunan Provincial Fifth Middle School。1950，After graduating from high school，Xia Zhentao worked as a primary school teacher in the village for half a year。Take the college entrance examination in July of the same year，Later studied in the Philosophy Department of Wuhan University。August 1952，National college and university department adjustment，The Department of Philosophy of Wuhan University merged into the Department of Philosophy of Peking University，Xia Zhentao came to Beijing to study。The new semester has just begun，Deployed by the Ministry of Education to graduate early，Teaching in the Political Teaching and bet365 voucher Section of Beijing Institute of Geology。Soon，He was recommended to the Marxist-Leninist bet365 voucher Department of Peking University as a graduate student，Systematic study of Marxist-Leninist theory。1954，Graduated with straight A’s，Returned to teach in the Political Teaching and bet365 voucher Section of Beijing Institute of Geology。1975，Xia Zhentao went to work at the Institute of Philosophy, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Trained the first batch of graduate students。1985，He went to teach in the Philosophy Department of Renmin University of China，Continued to supervise many batches of doctoral students。

Xia Zhentao’s research fields are wide、Unique academic perspective，In epistemology、Practical materialism、Pioneering explorations have been made in the fields of humanities and Chinese philosophy，is a famous Marxist philosopher in contemporary China。Formerly served as Vice President of China Dialectical Materialism Research Association、President of the Epistemology Branch、Vice President of the Chinese Society of Anthropology and other positions。The main research direction is the history of Chinese epistemology、Principles of Marxist Philosophy、Marxist epistemology and humanities。Author of "On Xunzi's Philosophical Thoughts", "Philosophy of Purpose", "Introduction to Epistemology", "Subject-Object Correlation Principles of Cognition", "History of Chinese Epistemological Thought", "What is bet365 voucher" and "bet365 voucher: Development of Relational Activities" ""Shu Boji" (Collection of Ci), etc.。

Xia Zhentao is a famous Marxist philosopher in contemporary China。He has learned both Chinese and Western knowledge，Profound theoretical attainments，In practical materialism、Epistemology、Pioneering bet365 voucher has been conducted in humanities and other fields，Achieved fruitful results。Xia Zhentao proposed the theory of general structure of practice，It is not only a breakthrough in practical theoretical bet365 voucher itself，And promoted the ideological emancipation of Chinese Marxist philosophy。For the first time in academic circles, he clearly stated the view that "purpose is an element of practice"，Reaffirms the principle of agency and subjectivity of dialectical materialism in the concept of practice，To break the narrow ideas of mechanical materialism，It is of great significance to realize the emancipation of thought in the philosophical community。He thinks，Practice is a dynamic process of interaction between two material forces, subject and object，Purpose、means、The results are the basic elements of practice。Based on this，Xia Zhentao reinterprets practical materialism，He emphasized that practical materialism is comprehensive、A philosophy that truly reflects and grasps the essence of the relationship between man and the world，This formed its own unique philosophical bet365 voucher logic of “taking relationships as the frame of reference”。

Xia Zhentao is one of the most representative scholars in the field of Marxist epistemology bet365 voucher。He introduced the general structural theory of practice into epistemology，With the subject-object relationship as the framework，Practice as the cornerstone，The essence of understanding、Understanding the system structure、The subject-object correlation law of cognition、The occurrence of recognition、The process of understanding、Thinking activities、Comprehensive and in-depth bet365 voucher on the basic principles of epistemology such as truth and value，Opened up problem areas for epistemological bet365 voucher in the entire academic community，clarified the development direction。Xia Zhentao also attaches great importance to sorting out the history of Chinese and foreign epistemological thoughts，He and Cui Jianjun、Ji Humin co-translated the British philosopher D. W. Heimlen's book "A Brief History of Western Epistemology" (China Renmin University Press, 1987 edition)，Introduced the bet365 voucher results of Western epistemology earlier。Xia Zhentao takes Marxist epistemology as a reference，Re-excavated and summarized the epistemological thoughts in traditional Chinese philosophy，Completed "History of Chinese Epistemological Thought" (Volume 1，China Renmin University Press 1993 edition；Volume 2，China Renmin University Press 1996 edition)，Effectively corrects the misunderstanding that "there is no epistemological thought in traditional Chinese thought"，Filling the gap in bet365 voucher on the history of Chinese epistemological thought。

Xia Zhentao is also one of the main pioneers and founders of Marxist humanities in contemporary China。His view on practical materialism、All philosophical thinking on epistemology and anthropology，In the final analysis, we must strive to achieve "the combination of knowledge and action to study heaven and man"。He regards Marxist humanities as the theoretical way of thinking of "Concord between heaven, earth and man"，Advocates the "Hooking of Things" rule，Run the spirit，Yuantong internally and externally studies heaven and man"。About Xia Zhentao in other bet365 voucher fields，Especially the theoretical achievements achieved in the field of epistemology，We already have an article specifically discussing it。This article focuses on Xia Zhentao’s humanistic bet365 voucher results，Understand the profound philosophical wisdom。

　　Focus on the study of “bet365 voucher” issues Promote the development of Marxist humanities

Late 1980s，Inspired by discussions about humanitarianism at the time，In response to the criticism that Marxist philosophy "sees things but not people" at that time，And the highlighting of various "bet365 voucher" problems in reality，Xia Zhentao’s philosophical and theoretical research began to turn to the issue of “people”，Further attention to the study of people themselves。As one of the earliest scholars in my country to study Marxist humanities，Xia Zhentao has outstanding academic achievements、Distinctive theoretical characteristics，Occupies a pivotal position in the field of Chinese Marxist humanities research。

Xia Zhentao and Huang Laosen of Peking University、"bet365 voucher Studies Dictionary" co-edited by Chen Zhishang (China International Broadcasting Press, 1990 edition)，Promoted the rise of humanities research in my country。1980s，As an emerging discipline，There is no fundamental breakthrough in bet365 voucher studies in our country。How to establish a relatively independent、Systematic bet365 voucher Studies？"Humanities Dictionary" has made useful contributions in this subject area、Pioneering exploration，Received high academic achievements。A scholar commented，"Humanities Dictionary" "combines the compilation of dictionaries with theoretical exploration，The intention is to summarize existing theoretical achievements and provide readers with sufficient basic knowledge of humanities，An attempt to start a holistic humanistic theoretical study”，“The setting of its basic content framework can be regarded as a relatively complete and novel humanistic theoretical schema”。The compilation of this dictionary not only provides a better academic tool for future humanities research，And the theoretical structure designed is grand and rigorous，Laid a framework foundation for future humanities research。

In addition，Xia Zhentao also participated in the writing of "Principles of Humanity" edited by Chen Zhishang (Beijing Press 2005 edition)，Made a preliminary exploration into the normative construction of the humanities discipline。The research object of this book on humanities、The relationship between humanities and anthropology、The relationship between humanities and philosophy is systematically and carefully elaborated，Provided a more appropriate positioning of bet365 voucher studies: "bet365 voucher studies are differentiated from philosophy，But still mainly philosophical thinking，An emerging comprehensive basic discipline spanning many disciplines。”This book explores and defines some basic issues in the construction of the humanities discipline，Provides an important reference coordinate for the academic community to carry out humanities research，Promoted the further development of the humanities discipline。

Xia Zhentao opened up a new path in humanities bet365 voucher with a unique academic perspective，Promoted the deepening of humanities bet365 voucher。In Xia Zhentao’s view，Whether it is bet365 voucher practice or bet365 voucher understanding，It’s all inseparable from people’s participation，In this way he puts epistemology、Unify the theory of practice and humanities。From epistemology、Observing people from the perspective of practice，This is the distinctive feature of his scholarship。On this basis，He established the bet365 voucher principles of practical materialism and the bet365 voucher method of grasping the essence through "relationship"，Opening up a new path to lead humanistic bet365 voucher through practice and relationships，Promote the further development of humanities bet365 voucher in my country。

After entering the 21st century，Xia Zhentao published a new book on bet365 voucher studies "What is bet365 voucher" (Commercial Press 2000 edition)，Established the basic definition of "bet365 voucher" from a unique perspective of humanities。How to establish the definition of "bet365 voucher" from the perspective of anthropology，It is related to the entire humanities research system、The premise and foundation of theoretical issues such as methods。The book first raises the question of "why humans exist on earth" in general，Then he answered what kind of person is from four aspects: "man is directly a natural being", "man is essentially a social being", "man is a conscious being" and "man is an active being" existent。Xia Zhentao emphasizes，Man is the unity of multiple regulations，Examination of bet365 voucher nature，The most fundamental thing is to pass through bet365 voucher activities, that is, practical perceptual activities，Comprehensive examination of how people create their own various states of existence and stipulations，And how to realize your own evolution and development。This is his description of the characteristics of "bet365 voucher beings" from a humanistic perspective，Elucidates the inherent transcendence and self-subjectivity unique to bet365 voucher beings，Adhere to Marxist historical dialectics，It is a denial of the one-sidedness of mechanical materialism that “sees only things but not people”。This research result has foundational significance for contemporary Chinese Marxist humanistic theory research。

Ten years later，Xia Zhentao's another humanities monograph "bet365 voucher: Relationship, Activity, Development" (Henan People's Publishing House, 2011 edition) is based on Marx's basic theoretical views on real people，From relationship、Those who articulate the philosophical understanding of Marxism in the dialectical synthesis of activity and development，Provides a basic methodological framework for further deepening humanistic research。He expressed this core view in the book: Marx’s historical materialism is not about seeing things but not people，Quite the opposite，It is based on the premise and starting point of real people。Real people are the existence of a relationship，These relationships are expressed through bet365 voucher activities，People realize their own development in dynamically developing relationships and activities。Therefore，To treat real people holistically、Specific inspection，It must be based on the relationship、Activity、Carry out in-depth research on people based on the internal connections between various aspects of development。Xia Zhentao introduces the dimension of “relational domain” in bet365 voucher studies，It has important pioneering significance for improving the philosophical realm of bet365 voucher studies。

　　Open up important areas of humanities bet365 voucher Building a systematic humanistic ideological system

As one of the representatives of Marxist humanities bet365 voucher in my country，Xia Zhentao has put forward insightful views on many important issues。He adheres to a practical materialist stance，Start from the unique perspective of the relationship domain，Comprehensive explanation of Marxist humanistic theory，The system answered a series of questions such as "Where do people come from?" "What are people?" "Where are people going?"，Building a relatively complete theoretical system of humanities，Meet people for us、Guiding people’s practice provides a philosophical theoretical basis。

First, Xia Zhentao traces the origin bet365 voucher，Established the primary premise of the entire humanities research system。The origin of man is the first chapter in the study of man，It is a fundamental issue related to the construction of the entire theory of humanities。But，A major shortcoming in humanities research in my country for a long time，That is, not enough attention has been paid to the study of the origin bet365 voucher。Xia Zhentao regards the investigation of the origin bet365 voucher as the primary task of anthropological research，Not only makes up for the shortcomings in the field of humanities research in my country on the issue of "where do people come from"，It also helps to overcome certain erroneous tendencies in human studies。

Understanding the origin bet365 voucher，There are two different views: one is the teleological explanation，That is, it is believed that the emergence bet365 voucher was created according to some special intention or purpose；The opposite is the evolutionary explanation，Believe that humans are the product of evolution in nature，Subject to the natural laws of biological evolution。Xia Zhentao first criticized the absurd logic of teleology，Also pointed out，Darwin’s theory of natural evolution laid a scientific foundation for understanding the origin bet365 voucher，But it is not enough to only understand the origin bet365 voucher as the result of natural evolution。Because of exploring the origin bet365 voucher at a philosophical level，Different from the empirical understanding of human origins obtained in other disciplines。To truly solve the problem of human origin，Must combine philosophical research with the results of natural science research，Use the materialist perspective of Marxist practice to make new explorations。In Xia Zhentao’s view，There are two factors at work in the origin and production bet365 voucher，That is, factors of natural evolution and factors of social labor。They depend on each other、Mutual constraints、Coordination，Jointly promoted the transformation from ape to human。In the process of these two factors working, a dual relationship is reflected and included，That is, natural relationship and social relationship，“Man is the product of the intertwined development of this dual relationship”。He further pointed out，"About the origin of mankind，We can attribute it to the natural laws of biological evolution operating on the special basis of labor”。This discussion is complete、Comprehensively reveals the issue of human origin，Provides theoretical tools and methodological basis for scientific understanding of "people"。

The second is Xia Zhentao’s exploration of bet365 voucher nature，Opened up a new perspective in bet365 voucher studies。Previous research has always tended to understand bet365 voucher nature as an objectively determined existence，Strive to seek the absolute truth about bet365 voucher nature，The result will inevitably lead to absolutism and dogmatism。Different from this，Xia Zhentao’s understanding of bet365 voucher nature is no longer limited to obtaining a complete closed definition，It advocates that bet365 voucher existence and development are infinitely open、Cannot be completed。He proposed in the book "What is Man": "Man is an unfinished existence，Always in the process of constant self-shaping and self-creation。”Xia Zhentao’s openness to bet365 voucher nature、Revelation of non-limiting characteristics，Breaking the traditional definition of bet365 voucher nature、The constraints of a definable closed-minded approach，Provides us with a new dynamic way of thinking for humanistic research。

When analyzing the nature bet365 voucher，Xia Zhentao is based on "real people"，Taking the existence of “real people” as the starting point for analysis。He thinks，"Real people" are fundamentally people who engage in activities，Practice is the fundamental way of human existence，Only by starting from practice can we grasp the essence bet365 voucher。At the same time，When examining the generation process of human nature，He adheres to Marx’s view that “man is the sum of all social relations”，And gave a detailed explanation of the connotation of the word "sum"。Xia Zhentao pointed out，The “sum” does not refer to the simple mechanical sum of all social relations，Rather, it refers to “the overall effect caused by the joint action of all social relationships on people in social relationships、Overall effect”。In other words，People are not only the creators of social relationships，Also the bearer of social relations。The specific social relationship in which a person lives determines his or her social status，At the same time, a person's social status will have a "total effect" on people in social relationships，Thereby affecting the generation of human nature。This way，Xia Zhentao puts people into practice、Human social relations and human nature are unified。In his opinion，To understand the nature of people，It can only be explored through people’s practical activities and the social relationships they display。So he does not regard human nature as something eternal，But as generated、Uncertain，Will continue to change with the development of social relationships。From this he concluded: "Man is an unfinished existence"，Further deepened the understanding of human nature。

The third is Xia Zhentao’s research on bet365 voucher existence and ways of existence，Laid the methodological foundation for humanistic research。In his opinion，Real people are essentially relational beings，“Relationship” constitutes the general methodology of Xia Zhentao’s humanistic research。He advocates using “relational” thinking to understand and grasp the real relationship between people and the world，And pointed out that this "relationship" is not a simple static coexistence relationship，But dynamic、Open。Starting from “relationship” thinking，Xia Zhentao is based on practice、Development-oriented，In-depth exploration of the essence of the survival and development crisis faced by bet365 voucher society，Provides useful reference for solving today’s social development problems。

，Believe that relationship and bet365 voucher existence are the same。He revealed the bet365 voucher relationship system from the perspective of systems theory，Point out that it includes the relationship between man and nature，Also includes social relationships between people。Especially when discussing the relationship between man and nature，Xia Zhentao emphasizes the importance of the proposition of "unity of nature and man" in Chinese philosophy。In his opinion，Different from animals that rely on their own organs to passively adapt to the outside world，The relationship between man and the external nature is expressed as a "realized in bet365 voucher way、People-centered two-way adaptation”，Xia Zhentao described it as "the unity of heaven and man"。It can be seen，Xia Zhentao’s “Unity of Nature and Man” is essentially a practical relationship，This can only be achieved through practical activities。In order to realize the "unity of man and nature"，People’s practical activities must follow “two standards”，That is, "the subjective scale of people and the objective scale of things or objects"，Otherwise it will destroy the harmonious relationship between man and nature，Endangering the sustainable survival and development of mankind。Through this, he further analyzed the survival and development crises faced by mankind，“Now people are paying attention to and talking about the so-called crisis of bet365 voucher survival and development。If we admit that this crisis exists，Then this crisis is actually a relationship crisis，This kind of relationship crisis is mostly caused by bet365 voucher beings’ own irrational activities。Originally the relationship is ‘for me’，bet365 voucher activities are to realize the ‘for me’ nature of bet365 voucher relationships，But if bet365 voucher activities are unreasonable，Also leads to and causes alienation in bet365 voucher relationships，Causing a relationship crisis and endangering people’s survival and development”。Xia Zhen Tao uses systematicity、Relational thinking looks at the relationship between humans and nature，For understanding and solving the ecological crisis facing mankind today、Development Crisis，Building an ecological community in which man and nature develop harmoniously has important enlightenment significance。

Fourth, Xia Zhentao introduced the category of “value” into humanities research，Expanded the field and vision of humanities research。In general bet365 voucher studies，Thinking about bet365 voucher issues mainly revolves around bet365 voucher nature、The essence of bet365 voucher being、Ability、Personality、Need to wait for the question to expand，Xia Zhentao values ​​​​people、People’s practical issues are more important。In his opinion，Thoughts and answers to various bet365 voucher problems，Must be associated with practice、Associative value and meaning，The study of humanistic axiology is actually a study of practical philosophy。

　The word "value" is originally a term in the field of economics，Xia Zhentao took the lead in conducting research on the category of "human value" from a philosophical perspective。In his opinion，Value is a relational category，Reflects the utility of the object to the subject。But the value of people is different from the value of things，Compared to the one-way nature of the value of things，Human value is multi-directional。Everyone in this relationship possesses the value provided by others，At the same time, it also constitutes value to other people’s production and life。In this way, he divides human value into two levels，That is, self-worth and social value，And unify the two。In addition，On the understanding of human value，Xia Zhentao insists on practical materialism。He thinks，“Human value belongs to the essential aspect bet365 voucher，Only in social relationships，Production in society (including material and spiritual production)、Interaction、This can only be reflected in exchange activities”。What are people like，Determines what kind of value he has。Since the essence bet365 voucher lies in labor、Practice，Human essence is formed in the labor process，Then why people have value，It also comes down to labor。It can be said，Labor is the source of human value，Human value can only be produced and exist in human labor。The value of a person，It lies in the value created by people in their labor。“The value of people lies in creating value”，This is the essence of human value。Xia Zhentao’s in-depth research on the issue of people and human subjectivity，Innovative understanding of human value issues，Laid the humanistic foundation for the subsequent rise and prosperity of axiology research。

The fifth is Xia Zhentao’s research on bet365 voucher development，Promote humanistic research to continue to deepen。In Xia Zhentao’s view，Studying bet365 voucher problems is ultimately to solve bet365 voucher development problems。actually，Study the origin of man、The essence of bet365 voucher being、The way of bet365 voucher existence, etc.，It is all the development of the theme of bet365 voucher development at different levels。Promote and realize the all-round development of people，It is also a major theoretical issue，It is also an urgent practical problem。

Xia Zhentao thinks，Human development is not a change in the biological sense，But the same social culture、The evolution and development of social civilization are connected，It has cultural connotation and cultural characteristics。He called this development "human culture、A movement in which the inheritance and development of essential forces are unified and manifested in the historical process”。Different from the natural evolution of animals，Human development is a new type of "cultural evolution"，Cumulative、Transitionality，Therefore, people can continue to accumulate in the development of history、Continuously surpassing，Acquire universal development。Of course，The universal development bet365 voucher is not absolute，Not without any restrictions。Xia Zhentao puts forward requirements for human development from the perspective of ethics and morality: "It should be based on rationality，Cultivate universal benevolence，Develop positive virtues。"Only rationality、The unity of benevolence and virtue，Talent can achieve sustainable development。Xia Zhentao’s exploration of the laws of human development，Not only makes his humanistic ideological system more complete，And for a correct understanding of the crises facing contemporary mankind、Issues such as the path to relieving the crisis and the free and comprehensive development bet365 voucher，has strong practical guiding significance。

　　Dedicated to contemporary interpretation of bet365 voucher Enrich and develop Marxist bet365 voucher

In bet365 voucher’s view，Philosophy as the study of wisdom，Especially as "the wisdom of this world"，From the source of its development and the function and value of its existence，Everyone must pay attention to the relationship between man and the world。“The relationship between man and the world is not only a general topic that philosophy should pay attention to and study，It is also a general frame of reference for philosophical thinking and solving problems in different fields。”Starting from the relationship between man and the world，bet365 voucher gave a systematic explanation of Marxist philosophy from the perspective of humanities，further enriches Marxist philosophy and humanistic thoughts。

Xia Zhentao is based on Marx’s basic theoretical views on real people，Elucidates the view of practical materialism about people from a humanistic perspective: people are practical beings。In his opinion，The existence of people who truly understand reality，The observer must be changed、Methods of studying people，That is, it cannot be used in isolation、Static entity way of thinking to understand，People can only be studied “as people acting in history”，That is, we must start from people’s perceptual activities、Study people in practice。People’s perceptual activities are practices，It is the most fundamental way for people to deal with their relationship with the real world、The most realistic way。Therefore，From bet365 voucher perceptual activities、Practice researcher，That is, we must observe and understand people from the historical and open development of the relationship between people and the world。bet365 voucher as a non-specificity、Unfinished existence，Not satisfied with the prescriptive nature it already has，Don’t stop at what you have become，But in the self-conscious activities of openly developing the relationship with the world，Strive to pursue new prescriptiveness，Develop your own characteristics and essence more fully。Therefore, people are always in the process of being unfinished and striving to complete themselves，In constant reproduction、In the movement of re-creating yourself。The subject of bet365 voucher purposeful practice、Available、The source of the nature of creation is here。

Xia Zhentao gave a more systematic explanation of Marxist philosophy from a humanistic perspective，Proposed many ideas with high theoretical value。He thinks，Philosophy itself is the highest theoretical expression of the relationship between man and the world，The main function of philosophy is to guide people as a whole to be good at handling and controlling their relationship with the real world。By its very nature，The relationship between man and the world is a bet365 voucher relationship，People build a people-centered society through their own activities、A bet365 voucher world that conforms to bet365 voucher purposes。The meaning of being a bet365 voucher being based on this great relationship，It should be under the principle of being conducive to people's continued survival and all-round development，Develop harmoniously and harmoniously according to the unified scale of truth, goodness and beauty。But in the unfolding process of the real relationship，Due to the subject’s individual needs and essential power、Speciality、Historic，People will produce anti-subjectivity effects when they deal with their relationship with the world，Thus causing disharmony in the relationship between man and the world、Incongruous，And then cause some kind of global problem，Endangering the sustainable survival and development of mankind。For this reason philosophy should pay attention to the relationship between man and the world，In modern times，In particular, a philosophical view of big events is needed，In dematerialized、Under the guidance of the materialist dialectical worldview，Overall、From the perspective of the unity of truth, goodness and beauty，Exploring the path of harmonious and coordinated development of the relationship between man and the world。

Humanistic bet365 voucher is the premise of Xia Zhentao’s entire philosophical bet365 voucher，occupies an important position in his philosophical thoughts。Just like the feelings he expressed in "Sauvignon Blanc·The Sound of Wind and Rain": "Heaven has feelings，The land is sentimental，I hope the love in the world will be stronger，Xiehe Tiandi People。”Xia Zhentao adheres to a practical materialist stance，Start from relationship，Highly summarizes the core and essence of Marxist humanistic theory。He conducts in-depth bet365 voucher on contemporary anthropology from a unique philosophical perspective，Formed its own relatively systematic humanistic ideological system。He put forward a series of groundbreaking ideas，Leading、Promoting the in-depth development of Marxist humanities bet365 voucher。Xia Zhentao’s humanistic thoughts are an academic peak，Inspiring future generations to climb bravely、Keep going。

　(The author is an honorary first-class professor at Renmin University of China，Member bet365 voucher Philosophy Department bet365 voucher Social Science Committee bet365 voucher Ministry of Education、Secretary bet365 voucher Faculty；Lecturer at the Central Institute of Socialism)