Xia Zhentao (1931-2014)，Word 谡 wave，Pseudonym Ying Bing，Anhua people in Hunan，Honorary First -level Professor of Renmin University of China，PhD instructor at the School of Philosophy。1931，He was born in Fuzhu Village, Erdu Township, Anhua County, Anhua County, Hunan Province。I studied in local primary schools in the early years、Anhua River River Junior Middle School、Hunan Provincial Fifth Middle School。1950，After graduating from high school，Xia Zhentao has been a sixth year of elementary school teacher in the village。Participate in the college entrance examination in July of the same year，After studying at the Department of Philosophy of Wuhan University。August 1952，Adjustment of colleges and universities in the country，The Department of Philosophy of Wuhan University merged to the Department of Philosophy at Peking University，Xia Zhentao came to Beijing to study。Shortly starting in the new semester，Graduated by the Ministry of Education，Teach at the Political Teaching and Research Office of Beijing Institute of Geology。Shortless，He was guaranteed to the Marginism Research Department of Peking University as a graduate student，Systems Learning Marxism -Leninism Theory。1954，Graduated with all -excellent grades，Back to the Political Teaching and Research Office of Beijing Institute of Geology。1975，Xia Zhentao went to work at the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Cultivated the initial batch of graduate students。1985，He teach at the Department of Philosophy of Renmin University of China，Continue to guide multiple batch of doctoral graduate students。

Xia Zhentao's research field is wide、Unique academic perspective，At awareness theory、Practical materialism、Pioneering explorations in the fields of human studies and Chinese philosophy，It is a famous Marxist philosopher in contemporary China。Once the vice chairman of the China Dialectical Materialism Research Association、President of the Constitution Branch、Vice President of the Chinese Society of Chinese Society。The main research direction is the history of Chinese epistemology、Principles of Marxist philosophy、Marxist understanding and human learning。Bring "On the Philosophy of Xunzi", "Philosophy of Purpose", "Introduction", "Cognitive Lord -Principles of Objects", "History of Chinese Contests and Thoughts" "Ji Pineapple Collection" (Collection of Words), etc.。

Xia Zhentao is a famous Marxist philosopher in contemporary China。He learned from China and the West，The theoretical accomplishment is deep，In practice materialism、Identification Theory、Pioneering research in people and other fields，I have achieved fruitful results。Xia Zhentao proposed the theory of the general structure of practice，Not only is the research theoretical research itself a breakthrough，and pushed the ideological liberation of Chinese Marxist philosophy。For the first time in the academic community，reiterated the principles and subjective principles of dialectical materialism of practical concepts，The narrow ideological concept of breaking the theory of mechanical materialism，It is significant to realize the ideological liberation of the philosophical world。He thinks，Practice is a dynamic process of interaction between the two material power of the subject and the object，Purpose、means、The results are the basic elements of practice。Based on this，Xia Zhentao re -explained the materialism of practice，He emphasizes that practical materialism is comprehensive、True reflection and grasping philosophy of the substantial relationship between people and the world，This has formed its unique philosophical research logic of "Relationship as a Reference Department"。

Xia Zhentao is one of the most representative scholars in the field of Marxist epistemology.。He introduces the general structural theory of practice to introduce the theory of knowledge，Taking the main and object relationship as the frame，Taking practice as the cornerstone，The essence of recognition、The system structure of the recognition、The Lord -related law of the acquaintance、Knowing happens、The process of knowing、Thinking activity、Basic issues of the basic principles of the concept bet365 Play online games of truth and value conducted a comprehensive and in -depth study，Pioneering the problem domain for the research theory of the entire academic community，Clarified the direction of development。Xia Zhentao also attaches great importance to the combing of the history of Chinese and foreign epistemology，He and Cui Jianjun、Ji Humin's translation of British philosopher D. W. Heimlen's book "A Brief History of Western Constitution" (1987 edition of Renmin University of China)，Research results of Western epistemology earlier。Xia Zhentao takes Marxist epistemology as a reference，Re -excavated and summarizes the conceptual ideas in traditional Chinese philosophy，Completed the "History of Chinese Contests Theory and Thought" (above volume，Renmin University of China Press, 1993 edition; Volumes，Renmin University of China Press 1996 edition)，Merged understanding of "No Institutionalism in Chinese Traditional Thoughts in Chinese Traditional Thoughts"，Filled the blank of the study of the history of Chinese conceptual theory。

Xia Zhentao is also one of the main pioneers and founders of contemporary Chinese Marxist people。His physical materialism、All the philosophical thinking of epistemology and human learning，In the final analysis, it is necessary to strive to achieve "the combination of the knowledge and the family"。He regards Marxist people as the theoretical thinking method of "Concord Heaven and Earth"，Proposal "Hook Rites，Moisturizing Spirit，Internal and Outside of Heaven and Outside "。About Xia Zhentao in other research fields，Especially theoretical results obtained in the field of epistemology，We already have articles specifically discuss。This article focuses on combing Xia Zhentao's research results，Appreciation of deep philosophical wisdom。

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In the late 1980s，Under the inspiration of humanitarian discussions at that time，At that time, some people criticized the view of Marxist philosophy "seeing things and not seeing people"，and the prominent problems of various "people" in reality，Xia Zhen Tao's philosophical theoretical research began to turn to the problem of "people"，Further attention to the research on the person itself。As one of the earliest scholars studying Marxist sciences in my country，Xia Zhentao's academic achievements prominent、The theoretical characteristics are clear，Occupying a pivotal position in the field of Marxist human science research。

Xia Zhentao and Peking University Huang Laosen、The "Human Learning Dictionary" edited by Chen Zhishang (1990 edition of China Broadcasting Press)，Promoting the rise of people's study research。The 1980s，As an emerging subject，People have no fundamental breakthrough in our country。How to build a relatively independent、Systems learn? "Human Study Dictionary" has made useful in this field of discipline、Pioneering exploration，Get higher academic achievements。Some scholars' evaluation，"Human Learning Dictionary" "Combining the compilation of the dictionary with the theoretical exploration，Under the premise of summing up the theoretical achievements and providing readers with full knowledge of people，Try to start with the theoretical research of overall human learning "，"The setting of its basic content framework is a relatively complete and novel human learning theory pattern"。The compilation of this dictionary will not only provide good academic tools for future people's studies，The theoretical structure designed is magnificent and strict，Late the framework for the study of human studies later。

other，Xia Zhentao also participated in the writing of "Principles of People Studies" edited by Chen Zhishang (Beijing Publishing House 2005)，Preliminary exploration of the standardized construction of human studies。The book's research object for human learning、The relationship between human studies and anthropology、The relationship between human learning and philosophy has made a detailed explanation，A more appropriate positioning of people learning: "People learn from philosophy，But still take philosophical thinking，Emerging comprehensive basic disciplines across many disciplines。"This book explores and define some basic issues of the discipline of human academic disciplines，provides an important reference coordinate for the study of human studies for academic circles，Promoting the further development of the discipline of people。

Xia Zhentao opened a new way to study research from a unique academic perspective，Promoting bet365 live casino games the deepening of human study research。From the view of Xia Zhentao，Whether it is research practice or research，Can't live without people's participation，So he will take the epistemology、The unity of practical theory and human learning。From the theory of concept、Perspective of Practice Observer，It is the significant feature of his studies。Based on this，He established the research principles of practical materialism and grasped the actual research method with "relationship"，opened a new way to lead people's study through practice and relationship，Promote the further development of Chinese people's studies。

After entering the 21st century，Xia Zhentao published a new book "What is Man" (Business Press 2000 Edition)，Established the basic definition of "people" from the perspective of human learning。How to establish the definition of "people" in human academic horizons，It is related to the entire human study research system、Method and other theoretical issues and foundations。The book first proposes the question of "how people exist on the earth" from the overall，Then, from "people directly are natural existence", "people are essentially social existence", "people are conscious existences" and "people are engaged in the existence of activities" answered what people are like Existence。Xia Zhen Tao emphasized，People are a unified unity of many regulations，Examination of the essence of people，The most fundamental thing is to pass through human activities, that is, practical perceptual activity，Comprehensive inspecting how people create their own existence and prescribedness，How to achieve your own evolution and development。This is the description of his characteristics of "people" from the perspective of human learning，clarify the internal transcendence and self -subjectivity of people's unique people，Persist in the historical dialectics of Marxism，It is a one -sided negation of the mechanical materialism that "I only see things"。The results of this research have a foundation for the theoretical research of contemporary Chinese Marxist learning theory。

After ten years，Xia Zhentao's other person's masterpiece "People: Relations Development" (2011 Henan People's Publishing House) According to Marx，From the relationship、Dialectics and development of activities and development clarify people with Marxist philosophy.，provides a basic methodology framework for further deepening the study of human academics。He expressed such a core point of view in the book: Marx's materialist history is not seen and not seen，Just the opposite，It is exactly the premise and starting point of the real human premise and starting point.。People of reality are the existence of a relationship，These relationships are expressed through people's activities，People are realizing their own development in the relationship between dynamic development and activities。So，To make the person who is realistic、Specific inspection，It must be from the relationship、Activity、In -depth research on people in the internal connection of the development of all links。In -depth research on people in the internal connection of the development of all links，It has important pioneering significance for improving the philosophical realm of human learning。

　　Emphasized areas of pioneer research  Build a systematic human learning ideological system

As one of the representatives of Chinese Marxist human studies，Xia Zhentao put forward a pretty view on many important issues。The materialist position he insists on practice，Start from the unique perspective of the relationship domain，Comprehensively explained the theory of Marxist human science，The system answered a series of questions such as "Where does a person come from?"，Build a relatively complete human learning theoretical system，Knowing people for us、The practice of the instructor provides the basis of philosophical theory。

First, Xia Zhentao traces the source of the origin of people，Established the primary premise of the entire human study system。The origin of a person is the first chapter of the person who studies people，It is a fundamental problem that is related to the construction of the whole person's theory。but，One of the major deficiencies in Chinese people's studies for a long time，It is not enough attention to the study of the origin of people。Xia Zhentao regards the origin of people's origin as the primary task of human studies，Not only does it make up for the lack of "where people come from" in the field of Bet365 app download human studies in my country，and help to overcome some error tendencies in people's studies。

Knowing the origin of people，There are two different views: one is the explanation of the purpose theory，It is believed that the appearance of a person is created in accordance with some special intention or purpose; the opposite is explanation of evolution theory，Think that people are the product of the evolution of nature，Obief of the natural law of biological evolution。Xia Zhentao first criticized the absurd logic of the purpose theory，At the same time, it is also pointed out，Darwin's theory of natural evolution has laid a scientific foundation for the origin of people，But just understanding the origin of people as the result of natural evolution is not enough。Because the origin of the person at the philosophical level，Unlike the empirical understanding of human origin obtained by other disciplines。To truly solve the problem of human origin，It is necessary to combine philosophical research with the results of natural scientific research，Make a new exploration with the materialist perspective of Marxist practice。From the view of Xia Zhentao，There are two factors for the origin and generation of people to play a role，That is the factors of natural evolution and the factors of social labor。They depend on each other、Better restraint、Coordination，jointly promoted the conversion from ape to man。It reflects and contains dual relationships in the process of these two factors，That is natural relationships and social relations，"People are the product of this double relationship staggered"。He further pointed out，"About the origin of humans，We can attribute to the natural laws of biological evolution work on the basis of labor "。This discussion is complete、Comprehensively revealing the origin of people，Provides the theoretical tools and methodological basis for scientific understanding of "people"。

Second, Xia Zhentao's exploration of the essence of people，opened a new perspective of human study research。Research in the past always tend to understand the nature of people as an objective determination，strive to seek the absolute true theory of the essence of people，Results will inevitably lead to absoluteism and arbitrary theory。Different from this，Xia Zhentao's understanding of human nature is no longer limited to obtaining a complete closed definition，Instead, it advocates the existence and development of the person infinitely open、Not to be completed。He proposed in the book "What is Man": "People are an unfinished existence，Always in constant self -shaping and self -creation。"Xia Zhentao's openness of the essence of people、Revelation of non -limited features，Breaking the essence of people in the traditional sense、Activity of defined closed thinking methods，Provides us with a new dynamic thinking method for us to conduct human studies。

When analyzing the essence of people，Xia Zhentao Based on "Real Man"，Analysis of the existence of "real person" as an analysis starting point。He thinks，"Real People" fundamentally speaking, it is a person who is engaged in the event，Practice is the fundamental way of human existence，Only from practice can we grasp the nature of people。At the same time，When the essence of the inspector's essence，He insists on Marx's view of "the sum of all social relations"，and the connotation of the word "total" is explained in detail。Xia Zhen Tao pointed out，"Together" does not refer to the sum of simple mechanical additions in all social relationships，Instead, it refers to "the common effect of all social relations on the overall effect of people in social relations、Master effect "。That is to say，People are not only creators of social relations，It is also the undertaking of social relations。The specific social relationship that people are located determine the social status of people，At the same time, the social status of a person will have "overall effects" for people in social relations，thus affecting the essence of people。This，Xia Zhentao just puts people's practice、Human social relationship and human nature are unified。In his opinion，To know the essence of people，It can only explore through people's practical activities and their social relationships.。Therefore, he does not think of human nature as eternal things，Instead, it is regarded as generated、Uncertain，It will continue to change with the development of social relations。From this he concluded: "Man bet365 best casino games is an unfinished existence"，further deepening the essence of people。

Third, the study of Xia Zhentao's existence and existence of people，Lile the basis of the methodology of human studies。In his opinion，Real people are essentially the existence of the relationship，"Relationship" constitutes a general methodology of studying the study of Xia Zhentao people。He advocates the relationship between people who use "relationship" to understand and grasp the relationship between people and the world，and point out that this "relationship" is not a simple static coexisting relationship，but dynamic、openness。Starting from "Relationship" thinking，Xia Zhentao based on practice、Facing development，In -depth discussion of the essence of the survival and development crisis facing human society，It provides a useful reference for solving today's social development problems。

Xia Zhentao insisted on Marx's thought on "the existence of a person's relationship"，It is believed that the relationship with people is the same。He revealed the person's relationship system from the perspective of the system，It is pointed out that it includes the relationship between man and nature，Also includes the social relationship of people。Especially when discussing the relationship between people and nature，Xia Zhentao emphasized the importance of Chinese philosophy "unity of heaven and man"。In his opinion，Passive adaptation to the external nature of the animal dependence on its own organs，The relationship between people and external nature is manifested as "realized in a person's way、People -oriented two -way adaptation "，Xia Zhentao expressed it as "the unity of heaven and man"。You can see，Xia Zhentao's "Heaven and Man Unity" is essentially a practical relationship，Only through practical activities can it be achieved。In order to realize "the unity of heaven and man"，People's practical activities must follow the "two scale"，That is, "The main scale of the human body and object or object of the object or object"，Otherwise, it will destroy the harmonious relationship between people and nature，endangering the sustainable survival and development of human beings。From this he further analyzed the survival and development crisis facing human beings，"Now people are paying attention to and talking about the so -called human survival and development crisis。If we admit that there is such a crisis exist，So this crisis is actually a relationship crisis，and this relationship crisis is mostly caused by human unreasonable activities。The relationship between people was ‘for me’，The activity of a person is to realize the ‘for me’ for realizing the relationship between human relations，But if people’s activities are unreasonable，It will also lead to heterosexuality that causes the relationship between human relations，Lives from the survival and development of people to cause a crisis of relationships "。Systemic use of Xia Zhentao、Relative thinking views the relationship between man and nature，For the ecological crisis that humans face today、Development crisis，Ecological community that builds a harmonious development of people and nature has important enlightenment significance。

Fourth, Xia Zhentao introduced the "value" category into human studies，expanded the field of human studies and vision。In the study of ordinary people，Thinking about people's problems mainly focuses on human nature、The essence of a person、Ability、Personalized、You need to wait for questions to expand，Xia Zhentao puts people's value、People’s practical problems are more important。In his opinion，Thinking and answering of various questions about people，Must be associated with practice、associated value and meaning，Research on human academic value theory is actually a study of practical philosophy。

The word "value" was originally a term in the field of economics，Xia Zhen Tao took the lead in research on the category of "human value" in the philosophical sense。In his opinion，Value is a category of relationship，Reflected the utility of the object for the subject。But the value and the value of the person are different，One -way value of the value than objects，The value of a person is multi -directional。Everyone occupies the value provided by others in this relationship，At the same time, it also constitutes the value of the production and life of others。So he divides the value of people into two levels，Self -value and social value，unified the two。other，In terms of understanding of people，Xia Zhen Tao insists on practical materialism view。He thinks，"The value of a person belongs to bet365 best casino games the essence of human beings，Only in social relations，Production in society (including material and spiritual production)、Communication、Only in the exchange activity can be reflected "。What is a person，determine what value he has。Since the nature of the person lies in labor、Practice，The essence of a person is formed in the labor process，Then the reason why people have value，Also attributed to labor。It can be said，Labor is the source of human value，The value of a person can only produce and exist in people's labor。The value of the person's value，It lies in the value of people created in labor。"Human value lies in creating value"，This is the essence of human value。Xia Zhentao's in -depth research on the subjective problems of people and people，Innovative understanding of the value of people，Late the foundation of human learning for the rise and prosperity of the later value theory。

Five is the research of Xia Zhentao's development of people，Promoting human study research continues to deepen。From the view of Xia Zhentao，Researchers' problems are in the final analysis to solve the problem of people's development。Actually，Researchers' origin、The essence of a person、The way of the existence of a person，The theme of human development is expanded at different levels。Promote and realize the comprehensive development of people，It is a major theoretical problem，It is also an urgent real problem。

Xia Zhen Tao believes，The development of people is not a change in the biological sense，but the same social culture、Evolution and development of social civilization is linked，It is a cultural connotation and cultural characteristics。He calls this development "human culture、The inheritance and development of essential power in the historical process "。Different from the natural evolution of animals，The development of people is a new type of "cultural evolution"，Cumulative、jumping，Therefore, people can continue to accumulate in historical development、Continuous surpassing，Get universal development。Of course，The general development of a person is not absolute，Not without any restrictions。Xia Zhentao put forward the requirements of people's development from the level of ethics: "should be based on rationality，Cultivate universal benevolence，Form positive virtue。"" Only put rationality、Renxin and virtue, come together，People can achieve sustainable development。Xia Zhentao's exploration of people's development laws，Not only does his people learn the ideological system more complete，And the crisis facing the correct understanding of contemporary humans today、Path to relieve crisis and people's freedom and comprehensive development，It has a strong practical guidance significance。

　　Contemporary interpretation of human learning  Rich to develop Marxist human learning

From the view of Xia Zhentao，Philosophy as the learning of wisdom，Especially as "the wisdom of this world"，From the source of its development and its existing functions and values，All must pay attention to the big relationship between people and the world。"The relationship between people and the world is not only the general subject that philosophy should pay attention and research，and it is also a general reference system for philosophical thinking and solving problems in different fields。"" Starting from the relationship between people and the world，Xia Zhentao systematically explained the philosophy of Marxistism on human academic vision，Further enriched the Thought of Marxist philosophy。

Xia Zhentao based on Marx's basic theoretical point of view of real people，From the perspective of human learning, clarify the perspective of people's practical materialism: Man is the existence of practice。In his opinion，The existence of people who really understand the reality，Must change the observer、Researchers' method，Can't use isolated、Static physical thinking method to understand，can only be used as "people who act in history to study"，That is, to from the emotional activity of people、Research on the practical aspect。Human emotional activity is practice，It is the most fundamental relationship between people who handle their big relationship with the real world、The most realistic way。So，From human perceptual activity、Researcher in practice，That is to observe and understand people from the historic and openness of the great relationship between people and the world。As a non -special fixedization、Unexpicious existence，Not satisfied with the bet365 live casino games existing specified，It does not stay in what has been become，Instead, it is in an open -minded activity in openly developing the relationship between the relationship between the world，Efforts to pursue new prescribedness，More comprehensive development of its own characteristics and essence。Therefore, people are always in the process of unfinished and trying to make them complete，Being in constant reproduction、Create your own movement。The subject of a person's purposeful practice、Dynamic、The root of the nature created is here。

Xia Zhentao made a more systematic interpretation of Marxist philosophy from the perspective of human learning，I have proposed many views with high theoretical value。He thinks，Philosophy itself is the highest theoretical expression of the great relationship between people and the world，The main function of philosophy is to overall guidance people who are good at handling and controlling their big relationships with their real world。As far as its essence,，The relationship between people and the world is a human relationship，People establish a people -centered through their own activities、The world of people who meet the purpose of people。According to the meaning of this great relationship，It should be under the principles of continuous survival and comprehensive development of people，Expand in harmony and coordination according to the unified scale of truth, goodness, beauty,。But during the development of real relationships，Due to the needs and essential power of the subject、Specialty、Historical，People will produce anti -subjective effects when dealing with their relationship with the world，So、Not coordinating，Then cause a certain global problem，endangering the sustainable survival and development of human beings。For this, philosophy should pay attention to the relationship between people and the world，In modern times，Especially need a big view of philosophy，In non -physical、Materialist dialectical worldview guidance，Overall、From the scale of the unity of truth, goodness and beauty，Exploring the path of harmonious and coordinated development between people and the world。

People study research is the prerequisite for the entire philosophical research of Xia Zhentao，Occupying an important position in his philosophy。Just as he expressed in "The Veterans and Rain Sound": "Heaven has love，Emotional，I hope that the world is stronger，Starting from the relationship。"Xia Zhen Tao insisted on practicing materialist position，Starting from the relationship，Highly summarized the core and essence of Marxist human learning theory。He conducted in -depth research on contemporary people from a unique philosophy，Formed a more systematic humanistic ideological system。He proposed a series of pioneering views，Leading、Promoting the in -depth development of Marxist science research。Xia Zhen Tao's people's learning thought is an academic peak，Stimulate the brave climbing of future generations、Continue to move forward。

　(The author is the Honorary First -level Professor of Renmin University of China，Member of the Philosophy Department of the Social Science Committee of the Ministry of Education、Secretary -General of the Department of Studies; Lecturer of the Central Academy of Socialism)