If the "Translation Book of the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau" edited in July of the first year of Xuantong (1909) in the first year of the Qing Dynasty (1909) calculates，my country has a history of more than 100 years of research on the study of the classic literature of western scientific ideology。I am，The iconic achievements include the "Western Student Book Metropolitan" compiled by Liang Qichao (science and technology part)、Wang Taiqing's "Selection of the Original Western Natural Philosophy of Natural Philosophy" in 1988。In the history of contact with western scientific thought in our academic community，The classic reading of western scientific thought classics is mostly limited to "Western Student Book Metropolitan"、Some of the "Chinese Translation Masterpieces" of the Commercial Press does not systematically do not systematically cognition。This article reflects on the study of classic literature on western scientific ideology，The category of scientific thought in the West、Language、System、Version and the original code，Some new thinking。Based on the new research results at home and abroad，Re -car climbing and sorting of classic literature in western scientific ideology，Perhaps the subject system of related research on my country, especially philosophy and social sciences、academic system、Construction of the discourse system is available。

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　　The category is the logical starting point of academic research，Chinese Confucianism began in "rectification"，Western theory began in "Definition"，Ancient and modern Chinese and foreign。From the basic category，Due to multiple reasons such as culture and context，my country's academic community should clarify or identify some of the species instead of western scientific ideological research、Break the basic concept of Wen Shengyi。

"Knowledge" (Epistēmē )'s metaphor in ancient Greek academics exceeds the synthesis of science and philosophy，"Scientia" in Latin Culture (Scientia) is only meaningful。On the contrary, the concept of "Historia" seems to belong to the humanistic discipline，But in the former Socrates period, it may be closest to Bet365 app download the scientific ideological category: obtaining knowledge through research and judgment。Therefore，Translate Aristoria Animālium into "Animalism"，May need to be explained。"Historia Naturalis" may not be Chinese in Chinese，but closer to contemporary encyclopedia，and the "Encyclopedia of Encyclopedia" in the middle and late periods of the Middle Ages (such as the " compiled by Paul Skalich in 1559EncyClopaedia") is closer to modern scientific introduction or general tutorial。"Physica" (Physica) is not today's physics，but "natural philosophy" (naturphilosophie, which is relative to spiritual phenomena。The "natural philosophy" of the New era may be the aliases of science，and the "natural philosophy" of Hegel's era may cause scientists' disgust。"Physico-theology" (Physico-theology) seems to be not understood as a proposition of theology with natural phenomena，Instead。COSMOLOGY/COSMOGRAPHY (COSMOLOGY/COSMOGRAPHY) is actually mainly Astrology and Astronomy，Just like "Alchemy" is not chemistry (Chemstry)。"Septem Artium Disciplinam) is not only a Boya education system，It may also be an academic training system for science and philosophy。

In the process of selection and compilation of the classic literature of western scientific ideology，If "the last godfather Aisidor" (Isidore of Seville) The "Ci Source" compiled (ETYMOLOGIAE) excludes beyond scientific ideological classics，It may laugh at generosity。But if Kaifu's "Universe Disposter" (mysterium cosmography) as a classic of scientific ideology，It is better to include Plato's "Mi Ou" (Timaeus) More ideological history。The accurate significance of these categories，It is often difficult to find it in modern classics，The record of the medieval dictionary may be more reliable。

Of course，The above -mentioned category is only one or two。Our acceptance and interpretation of Western scientific thoughts, especially classic literature，It will involve many basic categories，It should be analyzed in detail。Different periods、Different authors and even different chapters of the same book，Often science and non -scientific mixed，Need to conduct a deep inspection。After all，Basic category is to grasp the regulation or judgment of thought，The classics of western scientific thought classics are especially like this，bet365 best casino games It is necessary to establish and improve the "category table" system similar to Aristotle and Kant。

　　Language language needs to be re -examined

　　Language is the carrier of thought，It is also an academic carrier。Language (language) Different often marks the differences in academic style or even academic style。From the perspective of language dimensions，Greek text of western scientific thought seems to be originally，In fact, Latin classics are more trustworthy。According to traditional views，Classical Scholarship or ancient Greek academic (Doxographi Graeci) is the source of Western scientific thoughts。But according to our collection and finishing，May further confirm the Aristotle written by scholars such as Wang Taiqing and other scholars.。The so-called Greek classics in the Western academic community are mostly from the "translation movement"。

"Records of Famous Words" by Ogenney Ralxu (Diogenis Laertii Vitae Philosophorum) and the 10th century "Suda Dictionary" (Suida Lexicon），Just mention Aristotle's writing in biomedical，Never mentioned important writing about tool theory or metaphysics。The so -called Greek classics are mostly compiled in the Middle Ages and even in the early 20th century.，So the so -called Greek classics we see。Scientific literature with credible historical materials，Mainly Latin literature in the late Roman and the godfather of the godfather。

According to our combing，Latin as a European academic language includes scientific language，From the ancient Roman period to the 17th to 18th century (also mentioned in the early 20th century)。The scientific thoughts from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance are written in Latin，Classic works of modern science，Suchat、Newton、Hume、Works of Labniz and others，All are written in Latin。Germany did not begin to write in German until Christian Wolff，Kant's inauguration papers "New Explanation of the Basic Principles of the Basic Principles of the Patronics" (Principiorum Primorum Cognitionis Metaphysicae Nova Dilucidatio) is written in Latin, French "Encyclopedia" (Encyclopédiste) The previous academic works were also used in Latin。This means，Latin writing is a classic form of western scientific thought。

For related research in my country，Greek text that must be clarified to clarify scientific thought and the original status of Latin text。At the same time, it is necessary bet365 live casino games to climb Italian、English、German、French、Russian and Flemeng, etc.。After the Renaissance in Italy，Almost all scientists and scientists at the time in Europe are well known for many languages，Writing in a variety of languages。For example，Descartes' "Talking Method" (Discours de la méthode)Regulae Ad Directionem Ingenii) is written in Latin，But it was published in the Netherlands。During the Period of Peter in Russia，The Russian Academy of Sciences gathers top scientists from European countries，Rudaniel Bernoulli and others。College "Petersburg Science Review" (Commentarii），was one of the world's highest levels of scientific journals at that time，I used Latin、French、German、Russian and other languages。Multi -language and its staggered evolution，It may be an important feature of Western scientific thought and its classic literature，Dan Latin should be an irreplaceable classic academic language in the West。

　　Literature carrier needs to be restarted

　　What kind of literature forms to record the seemingly form of thoughts，In fact, the literature carrier is also an important component of academic research。From the classic form，Western scientific thought except for the personal writing of classic writers，"Biography", "Source", "Encyclopedia"，Even "epic", "script", "letter" and other forms，And these forms are often ignored by the academic community in my country。

Ancient Roman period，A group of Ougeni Ralxu appeared、Pru Tak and other biographies，Clax Taylorus、Pythagos、The life deeds of Yibihalu and others。Exia's "Ci Yuanxue" can be called the encyclopedia of the Middle Ages，Including syntax、debate、Rhetoric、Mathematics and Shipbuilding、Architecture and other practical technologies。The "Suda Dictionary" during the Byzantine period gathered more than 30,000 entries with Greek letters，You can find important concepts such as "atom"。

Before and after the Renaissance in Italy，A batch of encyclopedia appeared: "Gregor Reisch)" Margaret Encyclopedia "compiled in 1503 (Margarita Philosophica），Recorded the scientific activities of the time and their knowledge。Paul Skalich ( "Encyclopaedia Seu orbis Disciplinarum Tam Sacrarum Quam Prophanarum Epistemon) The closest to modern encyclopedia，Until the French Encyclopedia (Encyclopédie, OU DICTIONAIRE RAISONNE DES Sciences, Des Arts et des métiers) and "British Encyclopedia" ( britannica) Publishing。These "biography", "Source Source" and "Encyclopedia" systematically record the basic categories of western scientific thoughts、Main knowledge and important events，Therefore, we understand and study classic forms that are incredible in western scientific ideas。

other，Science (Thought) The manuscripts and personal letters that have not been published by the family，All have irreplaceable ideological history value，Its value is comparable to even higher than official publications。For example，People often use Galileo's "The Letter of the Duke of the Duke of the Great Duke" (Galileo's Letter to the Grand Duches Christina) as his scientific view，Actually，Believers written to friends discovered in 2018 can better represent his scientific concept and their views on the relationship between science and religion。

　　The research paradigm needs to be re -inspected

From the perspective of the ideological paradigm，Traditional research often interprets Western scientific thought as "natural philosophy" (such as Danpier and Grant)、"Logic System" (such as White Sea and Russell)、"Scientific Language" or even "Physical Language" (such as the Vienna School) and even an irrelevant "sentence method" (such as Kuen), etc.。Our understanding of the classic classic of western scientific ideology or the understanding that can be provided is，The category of the ideological category of western scientific thought，From ancient Greece to modern times，is the formation of "Artes Librales"、Development、Format and evolution:、Dialectica and Rhetorica, etc.、Arithmetica、Astronomia and Musica "Quadrivium"。"Seven Arts" is not just seven disciplines，and academic standards and research methods (theory)，Regulates the academic characteristics of the West、Philosophy demonstration method、Scientific research paradigm and high -level talent training，so that Western academic culture can not be separated from its ancestors。

The godfather and scholars in the medieval college tried to use mathematics and physics to use mathematics and physics and physics.，Especially the existence of "Trinitas", which leads to a legal status in Christianity。Descartes、Spearosa、Labniz、Kant and others，Try to use the geometric system to deduct ethics、Politics and even all philosophical bet365 best casino games issues。until the 20th century，Russell also tries to restore mathematics as a logical effort，The Vienna School published "Cleaning and Cleaning Schools with Logic Logic" ( "( DER METAPHYSIK DURCH LOGISCHE Analyse Der Sprache）。Kun thinks，The scientific revolution has caused "transformation of the world view" and the postmodernist "contextuality crack"。

but，There may be certain problems in the above views。In Western Science and Culture，Specific scientific knowledge may continue to replace，But as the foundation of "seven arts" as the foundation of western scientific ideology or preparation of tradition，Always continue。Almost all scientists, scientists and even philosophers，All have logic at the same time、Dialectics、Natural Philosophy、metaphysics and specific science and other aspects。This is the most important insight for studying the classic writings of western scientific ideology，Therefore, our academics should also emphasize the discipline system at the same time、Multi -level in the academic system and discourse system、Multi -dimensional system construction。From this perspective，Nature dialectics and historical dialectics are inseparable。

　　Academic Original Ceremony needs to be re -positioned

Look at it from the inheritance of the original code，If traditional Chinese culture is the inheritance of Confucian classics such as the Analects of Confucius，So Western culture, especially scientific ideological and culture, can be said to be the circulation of Euclid's Elements。Because Western academics have clear logic，Therefore, Western scientific thought has high classic dependence and logical logic of their ideological heritage。No matter from which angle,，Eu Jilin "Geometry Original" is the original or model of the original scientific thought。

Western scientists, scientists and even philosophers，All interpret European geometry in different ways，or think and create according to European geometry。where，Including Descartes' "Talking Methods"、"Ethics" of Spearosa、Hobbes’s "Principles and Proposal of Geometry" (DE Principis & Ratiocinge Geometraum）、Newton's "Mathematics Principles of Natural Philosophy"、Kant's "Solution through geometry to solve the metaphysical problem in natural philosophy" (Metaphysicae Cum Geometrica IUnctae usus in Philosophin Naturi）bet365 best casino games 、The "Mathematics Principles" of White Sea and Russell、"The Theory of Logical Philosophy" in Wittgenstein。

History of a Western scientific thought，In a sense of inheritance of European geometry，Western culture is a culture paranoid to speculate in mathematics。Stone of his mountain，can attack jade，We should be in traditional Chinese culture，Discover the relevant concepts of "unity of natural science and human science" emphasized by Marx:、Observatory、Observatory、Xiuqi Zhiping。Perhaps，This is exactly the original intention and mission of Chinese wisdom。

　　(this article is the major project of the National Social Science Fund "Western Scientific Thought Multi -language Classic Literature Catrait C view and Research" (14ZDB019) phase -based results)

(Author Unit: College of Marxism College of Shanghai Jiaotong University)