"Scientific Etymology Table" prepared by historian of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology Joseph Needham，The full name is "Etymology Table of Some Important Words in Scientific Thinking" (The etymology of "ideology" refers to Chinese characters with a unique pictographic system，Spanish alphabet text that is different from onomatopoeia)，From Chapter 13 of Volume 2 of "History of bet365 sign up bonus code and Technology in China" "Basic Concepts of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code"。On the importance of etymological research on scientific thinking，Joseph Needham thinks，“The process by which the Chinese acquired their written language may be very interesting，Because there are no such words，The dissemination of bet365 sign up bonus code cannot be carried out at all”。

　　Focus on the bet365 sign up bonus code etymology of scientific thinking

Joseph Needham in "Scientific Etymology"，Selected "basic terms necessary for the origin of bet365 sign up bonus code" - 80 ancient Chinese characters，Such as "no", "non", "different", etc.，Sequential list，And give modern annotations respectively，In order to explore these native Chinese characters (different from derived words) that play an important role in the emergence and development of human scientific thinking，How to be created by the ancients、Further development，Characterizes the basic concepts of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and ultimately obtains "extremely abstract meaning"。

Joseph Needham divided the areas of the 80 selected bet365 sign up bonus code characters，such as 26 non-human natural objects、22 human bodies、28 tools and techniques, etc.，Zeng regretted saying，"Without a doubt，If more bet365 sign up bonus code characters are analyzed，This distribution must change”。Because，80 characters compared to the ancient bet365 sign up bonus code character system of about 4500 characters，Obviously too few to get a full picture of the development of ancient people’s scientific thinking。For this regret，Needham further proposed，"Perhaps it would be worthwhile to compile a similar list of all the grammatically useful and other words that have been collected in the Basic bet365 sign up bonus code Vocabulary"。

Since Needham was not a philologist，This makes it almost difficult for him to independently complete the tracing of the origin of such ancient texts、Annotation work，He himself also admitted that the etymological list of only 80 characters "is largely due to the generous cooperation of Dr. Wu Shichang, who has a deep understanding of the oldest forms of bet365 sign up bonus code characters"。It cannot be carried out without collaborators，As a result, the existing "Scientific Etymology Table" is not a perfect state，To be continued—because of the important role and influence of words on the development of bet365 sign up bonus code scientific thinking，Far from being able to describe it completely in 80 words。

　　The study of the etymology of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology is of great significance

Due to the writing of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and technology history，There will undoubtedly be some ancient Chinese vocabulary involved，The use of ancient and modern languages、The connotations are not the same，Use modern language habits to "read the literal meaning"，It is very easy to have various misunderstandings、Misunderstood。Especially because the interdisciplinary research between the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology and ancient Chinese has not really taken shape，People are often unaware of such misunderstandings，Even spreading misunderstandings in an academic way。Therefore，"Scientific Etymology Table" for the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology，Particularly important。

　　1.Provides a unique "profile" of the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology。Joseph Needham mentioned，"We do this，It’s because of the origin of some special and meaningful scientific words，As an aspect of the general history of primitive bet365 sign up bonus code, it cannot but have important significance”。The history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology textbook has a complex polyhedral structure，The study of important ancient characters is an intuitive manifestation of the interdisciplinary paradigm。

　　2.As a bridge between the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology and the philosophy of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology。bet365 sign up bonus code historian Yan Dunjie once pointed out，“Some terms in ancient Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code，In Medicine、Kanyu Shu、Each one has different meanings in alchemy，This is difficult for philosophers to synthesize”。The origin of words、The "stream of consciousness" in the combination and its evolution，Yes to philosophy、Thoughts serve as reference、Gain、For correction，It can even be said，The origin pursuit and determination of ancient words related to the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology，Throughout epistemology、Methodology and Ontology。

　　3.A "mounting stone" from internal history to external history。The history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology is also called "history"，Important ancient words are obviously part of the "disciplinary language"。This part can have and exceed tool value at the same time，It has become the research object of the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology (because it carries the occurrence and evolution of scientific and technological ideas)。and，There are many ways to study the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology，However, no matter what way，No one can get around the basic skills of history: ancient Chinese。Want to move from internal history to external history，Except "Technology"，Must have the consciousness of "history"。

　Digging deeper into the etymology of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and technology

Some shortcomings of Joseph Needham's "Scientific Etymology Table"，This is also an important reason why we now believe that the work of "scientific etymology exploration" deserves to be continued and in-depth。The first is the regret expressed by Needham himself: there are still many important words (far more than 80 words) that need to be corrected。In addition，There are two other problems in the "Scientific Etymology Table"。1.Etymological annotations are mostly direct quotes from a family，Formally too simple，Lack of effective evidence to support。Due to the original glyphs of bet365 sign up bonus code characters、sound、The evolution of justice through a long historical period，its original meaning、It is difficult to intuitively associate breast-feeding with modern simplified characters，The lack of argument often leads to researchers not knowing what is going on、Inexplicable。2.Every family has right and wrong opinions，There is no consensus on the meaning of some words，Lists often ignore academic disputes，There are therefore some errors and mistranslations that need to be corrected。

For example，The word "different" in "bet365 sign up bonus code Etymology List"，List interpretation glyph is(no source)，After our investigation，Maybe it came from Lu Zhong, Guo Shu bet365 sign up bonus code Western Zhou Dynasty。And the earlier Oracle，such as(Issue ·Previous 5·38·6)(Issue ·B 1493) is ignored by the list。No Oracle，Ask for the golden inscriptions；Oracle bone script still exists，Tracing the “origin” bet365 sign up bonus code word may not be based on bronze inscriptions。Moreover，Joseph Needham determined that the original meaning of this word was "to make a gesture of salute"，And explained that "the difference in social status between nobles and commoners can generally give rise to the concepts of 'different', 'strange' and 'difference'" - I'm afraid that's not the case。

The original meaning of "different" is actually "wear"，The subsequent meanings of "different" and "difference" are not derived from "differences in social status"，It actually comes from the word "wing"。If we can protect Wang Guowei、Yang Shuda、Lin Yiguang、Shang Chengzuo、Li Xiaoding、A comprehensive analysis of the research results of Yu Shengwu and others、Things to follow，Can be corrected only。At the same time，The difference between "different"、The meaning of difference，Not "completely different"，But "the same but different"。“Different” actually comes from “wing”，Wingers，wings，Both come from the body of a bird and are divided into two，This is Laozi's "the two have the same origin but different names"。If it is clear that "different" does not mean "different"，But "the same but different"，It helps us understand the yin and yang related to scientific and technological thinking、天人、The "difference" of Taoist tools，Obviously it will help。Tracing the origin of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and technology etymology，Can be effectively corrected、Verify or improve modern people’s interpretations based on abstract philosophy。

　　Looking forward to the etymological approach to research on the history of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and technology

The paradigm of Spanish etymology examining “alphabetic roots” in Indo-European languages，It is almost difficult to use Chinese characters。In the Western bet365 sign up bonus code and technology history community，Due to professional expertise，It is difficult for a historian of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology to be a sinologist at the same time，Few people study the origin of Chinese words。And Western Chinese language researchers，There is often a lack of attention to the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology discipline。Joseph Needham thinks，One of the conditions for Westerners to study the history of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and technology is: knowing Chinese，Can read ancient Chinese documents。However，This "understanding" does not define the degree。So-called "ancient documents"，The difficulty of "Kaogongji" and the Yinxu inscriptions seem to be quite different。rough reading、Extensive reading ability，It may not be possible to trace the origin of the words。Even Joseph Needham himself，Or rely on cooperation with Chinese scholars，Or without argument、Directly quote the results of Western Chinese language scholars with verification，Like Bernhard Karlgren、Lionel Charles Hopkins、Arthur David Waley, etc.。

Work on tracing the origins of words in domestic bet365 sign up bonus code and technology history，Having been carried out since the 1980s，For example, Yang Wenheng's "The Origin of the Word "bet365 sign up bonus code"" (1981)。Afterwards，There are scholars working in this area one after another，For example, Yang Shengbiao's "A Survey on the Evolution of Engineering Categories" (2002)、Li Xingmin "The Origin of "bet365 sign up bonus code" and "Technology" (2007)、Wu Guosheng's "Technical Interpretation" (2010), etc.。

Based on existing research，There are three main problems we face。1.Focus of existing research，Stay more focused on the big words of “bet365 sign up bonus code”, “technology” and “engineering”，No further outline yet。2.The definitions of ancient words are often quoted from dictionary reference books—from a professional perspective，Take "Shuowen Jiezi" as an example，Because Xu Shen relied on seal script，rather than the earlier Oracle，There are sometimes misinterpretations。The conclusions in the reference book are often only suitable as a starting point for research。3.Words are the carrier of thoughts。The early occurrence of Chinese bet365 sign up bonus code and technology、Development can be carried through unique hieroglyphics、Record，And space by specific text、Spread over time，Then，These words "in themselves" carry the original、The thought of native technology。As Joseph Needham said，"In general，The ideas of Indo-European languages... are difficult to pinpoint by studying the root words composed of letters。But the system of ideographic writing preserves this type of thought process for our examination”。The uniqueness of Chinese pictographic characters，Let our words "in themselves" become the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology、An important research approach in the history of scientific and technological thought that is different from the West，The uniqueness of this research approach，Not enough attention has been paid yet。

Facing the historical narrative of China’s bet365 sign up bonus code and technology history，Inevitable reference required、Uses a lot of ancient Chinese words。However，From the generation and change of the connotation of Chinese words (the history of scientific and technological thought attempts to describe and show history and thought，However, words that carry history and thoughts are usually ignored) and there are very few analysis，Effective interdisciplinary research methods have not yet been formed、Function、structure、Evaluation standards and other paradigms。Working through the etymology of important words in scientific thinking，can effectively eliminate meaningless meaning、Strong solution to increase the word、Using the present to explain the past and other shortcomings。Seeking the truth through identifying false accusations，Realize the true "restoration" of China's bet365 sign up bonus code and technology history (such as，Thinking about modern "engineering" based on the Spanish Engineering as a template，Obviously, I didn’t get the Chinese “engineering” qualification)，It can even be further applied to the resolution of some difficult issues in the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology (such as，On the origin of ancient cars from the perspective of "Yu" and "Lun", etc.)。

Language is the carrier of human thought，The evolution of the carrier can reflect some changes in ethnic thinking。Ancient writing originated from primitive life、Development，Gradually solidified into various abstract meanings (original meaning、Extended meaning、Pretended meaning、Metaphorical meaning, etc.)。This evolutionary process itself contains the evolution and fluidity of the ideology of "human beings" as the subject of knowledge，This kind of evolution、Liquidity is also reflected in the “timeline” that represents history。Tracing the origins of important words in scientific and technological thinking、Correction and exploration，Can be regarded as our textual research on the history of bet365 sign up bonus code and technology、Narration、Present、A state of thinking when judging。This kind of thinking comes from the historicization of thought，Help reconstruct the reality of thoughts，And then complete the dialogue between the past and reality。

　　(Author’s affiliation: bet365 sign up bonus code Marxism, Shenyang Jianzhu University；bet365 sign up bonus code Architecture, Huaqiao University)