Science and Technology historian Li Joseph's "Science Source Table"，The full name "The Source of the Source of the Performance of some important words in the scientific thinking" (the source of the meaning of the meaning of the word refers to the Chinese character with a unique pictographic system，Western alphabet text that is different from the onomedy)，It comes from "The History of Chinese Science and Technology", Volume 2 Chapter 13 "The Basic Concept of Chinese Science"。The importance of the research on scientific thinking words，Li Joseph thinks，"The process of the Chinese people obtained their text language may be very interesting，Because there is no these texts，The spread of science cannot be performed at all "。

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Li Joseph in "Source of Science"，Select "Basic Terms for Scientific Origin" -80 Chinese ancient text，such as "No", "Non", "Different", etc.，List of order，and modern annotations for modernity，To observe these native Chinese characters (different from factional words)，How to be created by the ancients、further development，The basic concept of Chinese science and eventually obtain "extremely abstract meaning"。

After the selected 80 Chinese characters are divided into areas, Li Joseph，Such as 26 non -human natural objects、22 Personal Body、28 tools and technology, etc.，I regret，"No doubt，If you analyze more Chinese characters，This distribution must be changed "。Because，80 words compared to about 4500 words of ancient Chinese characters，Obviously too little and difficult to glimpse the whole picture of the development of the ancient people's scientific thinking。For this regret，Li Joseph's further proposed，"Maybe it is worthy of the practical and other words that have been collected in the basic Chinese vocabulary into a similar table"。

Since Li Joseph is not a writer，This makes it Bet365 lotto review almost difficult for him to independently complete such ancient text traceability、Note work，He also admits that the source table of only 80 characters "Most of them must be attributed to the generous cooperation of Dr. Wu Shichang, who is deeply studying in Chinese characters"。It is not possible to carry out because there is no partner，As a result, the existing "Scientific Source Source" is not a complete state，but unfinished -because the words that have important role and impact on the development of Chinese scientific thinking，It is far from 80 words that can be described as complete。

　　Science and technology word source research is significant

Due to the writing of the history of Chinese science and technology，There is no doubt that it will involve several ancient Chinese vocabulary，How to use ancient and modern languages、Connotation, etc.，Go to "Wangwen Shengyi" with modern language habits，It is very easy to appear various misunderstandings、Misunderstanding。Especially because the interdisciplinary research between scientific and technological history and ancient Chinese has not really formed，People often don't know about such misunderstandings，Even dissemination of misunderstandings in an academic way。Therefore，"Science Source Table" for the history of science and technology，Especially important significance。

1. Provide a unique "side writing" in the history of science and technology。Lee Joseph mentioned，"Let's do this，Because of the origin of some special conference scientific vocabulary，One aspect of the history of primitive science must not have an important significance "。Discipline of Science and Technology History has a complex polyhedron structure，The Kobo of the important ancient words is exactly the intuitive manifestation of the cross -disciplinary paradigm。

2. As a bridge for the history of science and technology and the philosophy of science and technology。Scientific historian Yan Dunjie once pointed out，"Some nouns of ancient Chinese science，In medicine、Kaiju Shi、There are different meanings in alchemy，This is difficult for philosophers to be comprehensive "。The original original Bet365 lotto review of the text、"Conscious Stream" in the combination and its evolution，can be used for philosophy、I think of the reference、gain、For correcting，It can even be said，The original pursuit and judgment of the ancient words related to science and technology history，Permination of epistemology、Method Theory and ontology。

3. A piece of "upper horse stone" from internal history to the outside world。The history of science and technology is both called "history"，Important ancient words are obviously part of the "discipline language"。This part can be owned at the same time and surpass the tool value，Itself has become the research object of science and technology history (because of the occurrence and evolution of scientific and technological ideas)。and，Research paths for scientific and technological history can be available，However, no matter what ways，Can't get around the basic kung fu of history: ancient Chinese。Want to move from internal history to the history of the outside，Except "Technology"，Must be conscious of "history"。

　Deepen the source of Chinese science and technology words

Some of the shortcomings of Li Joseph's "Source Table of Science"，It is also an important reason we think that the work of "scientific word source exploration" is worthy of continuous and deeper.。First of all, it is the regrets expressed by Li Joseph: There are still many important words (far more than 80 words).。other，"Science Source Table" still has two other problems。1. Note of the source of the word is mostly quoting a family that directly quotes the family，It's too simple in form，Lack of effective demonstrations to support。Due to the primitive shape of Chinese characters、Sound、It has evolved after a long historical time，Its original meaning、Milk milk, etc. It is difficult to intuitively associate with modern simplified characters，The lack of demonstration often leads the researchers to be insufficient、inexplicable so。2. The words of the family are right and wrong，Several meanings have not reached a consensus，List often ignores academic litigation，Therefore, there are several mistakes and translations that bet365 live casino games need to be corrected urgently。

For example，The word "different" in "Source of Science"，List to release the shape(No Source)，After we checked，or from the West Zhou Uncle Brigade。Early Oracle，such as(Phase 1 · 5.38 · 6)(Phase I · B 1493) is ignored by the list。Oracle has no text，Golden texts are available; oracle bone text still exists，The traceability word "source" may not take golden texts as a sign。More，Li Joseph determined that the first meaning of this word "make a salute posture"，and interpreted as "the difference between the difference between the social status between noble and civilians can generally cause the concept of 'different' '' ' -.。

The original meaning of "Different" is "Dai"，The "differences" and "differences" derived later are not produced by "social status difference"，From the word "wing"。If you can bring Wang Guowei、Bang Shuda、Lin Yiguang、Shang Chengyi、Li Xiaoding、Analysis of the research results of Yu Wu and others、strip and strand，Fang can investigate errors。At the same time，Different "Different"、Different meaning，Not "completely different"，but "the same difference"。"Different" comes from "wing"，Wings，Wing also，Divided into two，This is Lao Tzu's "Both of the two and different names"。Ruo Ming "Different" is not "different"，but "the same difference"，Then understand yin and yang related to our understanding of scientific and technological thoughts、Tianren、"Different"，Obviously it will benefit。Tracers of Chinese Science and Technology Source，can be corrected effectively、Verify or improve the interpretation of modern people with abstract philosophy。

　　Looking forward to the study of Chinese scientific and technological history research words

Western Cultural Studies inspect the paradigm of "letter root" in the Indo -European language department，It is almost difficult for Chinese characters to be useful for martial arts。In Western Science and Technology History,，Due to the special attack in the surgery industry，It is difficult for scientific and technological history scholars to be at the same time and sinologists at the same time，There are fewer people who study Bet365 app download Chinese words。and Western Chinese language researcher，Often lack of attention to the subject of scientific and technological history。Li Joseph thinks，One of the conditions for Westerners to study the history of Chinese science and technology is: understand Chinese，Can read ancient Chinese literature。But，This "understanding" does not define the degree。The so -called "ancient literature"，"Examination Gong Ji" and Yinxu's resignation seem to be difficult to say the same day。Rough reading、Reading ability，Maybe you may not be able to trace the word original。Even Li Joseph himself，or cooperation with Chinese scholars，or without argument、Verification directly quotes the results of Western Chinese speakers，Bernhard Karlgren、Lionel Charles Hopkins、Arthur David Waley, etc.。

Domestic scientific and technological historical world word traceability work，It has been launched since the 1980s，Such as Yang Wenheng's "The Origin of the word" science "(1981)。，Scholars have done this one after another，For example, Yang Shengbiao's "Evolution of the Project Scope" (2002)、Li Xingmin's "Source Stream of" Science "and" Technology "(2007)、Wu Guosheng "Technical Interpretation" (2010), etc.。

On the basis of existing research，There are three main problems we face。1. Following points for existing research，Stay on the three disciplines of "Science", "Technology", and "Engineering"，Not further outlined。2. Ancient words interpretation often quote Dictionary Tools -，Take "Speaking and Solution" as an example，Due to Xu Shendui according to the text，instead of earlier Oracle，If there are misunderstandings。The conclusions in the tool book are often only suitable as the starting point of research。3. Text is the carrier of thought。Early occurrence of Chinese technology、Development can be carried through unique pictographs.、Record，and space through specific text、Pass in time，So，These text "itself" is carried by the original、The idea of ​​native technology。As Li Joseph said，"Generally speaking，The idea of ​​the Department of Indo -European language ... It is difficult Bet365 app download to find out the root of the alphabet to find out。But the text system preserves this kind of ideological process for our examination "。The uniqueness of the Chinese pictographic meaning text，Make our text "itself" that can become the history of science and technology、A history of the history of science and technology thought that is different from the West，and the uniqueness of this study in this way，It has not attracted enough attention。

Facing the historic narrative of the history of Chinese science and technology，Unavoidable need to be referenced、Use a large number of ancient Chinese language。But，In terms of the generation and change of the connotation of Chinese words (the history of science and technology thought attempts to describe and show history and thoughts，However, the analysis of the words carrying history and thoughts is usually rarely seen, but it is rare，No effective cross -disciplinary research method is not formed、Function、Structure、Evaluation standards and other paradigms。Tracing of the source of the word source through the important words in scientific thinking，Can effectively exclude Wangwen Shengyi、Add word for strong solution、Disadvantages such as present and presentation。By discerning the truth，Realize the true "restore" of the history of Chinese science and technology (such as，The speculation of modern "engineering" formed by Western ENGINEERING as a template，Obviously the willingness of the "Engineering" of the Chinese language)，It can even be further used to disconnect from several difficult problems in the history of science and technology (such as，From the origin of the ancient car from "public" and "wheel")。

Language is the carrier of human thought，The evolution of the carrier can reflect a certain change of ethnic thoughts。The origin of ancient texts from the original life、Development，Gradual and solidified into various abstract significance (original meaning、Extended meaning、false borrowing righteousness、metaphorical meaning, etc.)。The process of evolution itself contains the evolution and liquidity of the ideological consciousness of "people" as the subject of knowledge，Bet365 lotto review This evolution、Liquidity is also reflected in the "timeline" that characterizes history。The source of important words in scientific and technological thinking、Kaozheng and Exploration，It can be regarded as our research on science and technology、narrative、presentation、A state of thinking when judging。This kind of thinking comes from the historicization of thought，Help the reality of reconstruction of thought，Then complete the dialogue between the past and reality。

　　(Author Unit: Marxism College of Shenyang University of Architecture; School of Architecture, Overseas Chinese University)