Regional economic integration has become the consensus of African governments and people。With the African Continental bet365 bonus code indiana (hereinafter referred to as the "bet365 bonus code indiana") agreement that has been brewing for many years, it officially came into effect on May 30, 2019，Africa will be expected to form a country covering a population of 1.3 billion、The total economic volume reached 3.The world’s largest bet365 bonus code indiana of ​​US trillion。

However，The current level of commitment in Africa to the implementation of free trade areas is not ideal。Although except Eritrea，54 countries in Africa have signed bet365 bonus code indiana agreements，But only 30 countries ratified the agreement。The impact of the new coronavirus epidemic has even postponed the official implementation time of the bet365 bonus code indiana agreement from July 2020 to January 2021。In counter-globalization、The fourth industrial revolution、Africa’s debt crisis and other situations，Promoting the construction of free trade zones is expected to help Africa cope with the economic downturn caused by the new coronavirus epidemic，It will also become an important engine for Africa’s economic structural transformation and sustainable development，Greatly contribute to the future development of Africa。A more open African market means more、Greater competition and challenges，The construction of the African bet365 bonus code indiana is seeking development amid challenges。

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The process of regional economic integration in Africa is relatively slow。For example，The level of bet365 bonus code indiana integration in Africa is much lower than that of other regions。2019，Data released by the United Nations Conference on bet365 bonus code indiana and Development，Intra-African exports account for only 17% of total exports，Far lower than the 59% and 68% levels in Asia and Europe。

The differences in integration development among regional economic communities restrict the potential effectiveness of free trade zones。African regional economic communities are the basis for Africa’s economic integration，It is to maintain regional peace、An important supporting force for security and stability，Is also an important implementer of Africa’s realization of the 2063 Agenda。The degree of integrated development of existing regional economic communities is uneven。Among the 8 regional economic communities recognized by the African Union，4 have established free trade zones，2 established a customs union。Although the terms of the bet365 bonus code indiana agreement allow existing regional economic communities to coexist with it，But there are still differences between the two in terms of regional integration systems and policies，Including "tariff liberalization", which is the most talked about topic at this stage。This imbalance and difference is not conducive to the full effectiveness of the bet365 bonus code indiana agreement，Restricting the free trade zone from achieving the set goals。

Insufficient economic diversification in Africa，Restricting the inclusive development of the free trade zone。The economic structure of African countries is relatively simple，Economic development conditions vary greatly between countries，The establishment of free trade zones has different impacts on African countries。Without a doubt，African countries with a relatively high degree of industrialization can take advantage of the manufacturing development policies in the bet365 bonus code indiana agreement，Get greater development space。But，Countries that mainly export agricultural products and resource products are difficult to obtain substantial growth in product exports through direct tariff reductions，Countries that are just starting to industrialize will worry about the impact of a more open market on local manufacturing，There are also problems of interest redistribution within African countries。The various development agendas launched by Africa in recent years have emphasized the importance of inclusive development，For example, "Agenda 2063"。Free trade zones are only more inclusive，In order to ensure the effective implementation of each agenda。

The traditional financing model is difficult to meet the growing demand for construction funds in the free trade zone。The construction of the African bet365 bonus code indiana requires a large amount of financial support。Analysis from international rating agency Moody’s，The African continent has a large annual trade financing gap，After the official launch of the African bet365 bonus code indiana，How to solve the trade finance gap is an issue worthy of attention。In addition，Infrastructure connectivity in the African bet365 bonus code indiana also faces financing difficulties。According to African Development Bank，Africa needs US0 billion to US0 billion for infrastructure construction every year，The financing gap is between US billion and US7 billion。African countries generally have the problem of single financing channels，Huge funding gap and increasingly severe debt problems in African countries，Making traditional policy、Preferential、Assistance funds cannot adapt to the financing needs of Africa’s infrastructure construction under the new situation。

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Although the implementation of the bet365 bonus code indiana agreement was forced to be postponed，However, the construction of the free trade zone is still advancing steadily amidst various challenges。Future，African countries should continue to increase political will，Strengthen execution capabilities。At the same time，African countries should also continue to deepen the coordination between regional economic communities and free trade areas，By improving the regional value chain、Seeking diversified financial channels to support the inclusive and sustainable development of the free trade zone。

Improving the governance capabilities of African countries，Strengthening the implementation capabilities of bet365 bonus code indiana agreements。In the process of promoting economic integration in Africa，There is no shortage of far-sighted strategies and policies，But due to insufficient policy coordination，These strategies and policies are often difficult to form synergy。AU Commission Chairman Faki once mentioned: “We need to arouse the necessary political will，Only can the African Continental bet365 bonus code indiana finally become a reality。”African countries should develop a political way of thinking that prioritizes shared economic benefits，And transform this political will into practical actions，Strengthen the ability to implement and enforce agreements。At the same time，Continuously improve national governance capabilities，Make fiscal revenue more diversified，The tax system is more efficient，Benefit distribution is more equitable，Provide more possibilities for policy communication and coordination between countries。

Deepening the internal coordination of regional economic organizations，Make full use of the potential effectiveness of the free trade zone。The successful operation of the African bet365 bonus code indiana cannot be separated from regional cooperation。Therefore，Regional economic communities should be development-oriented，Enhanced products、Trade、Institutional and policy coordination in investment and personnel mobility。On this basis，Gradually eliminate the institutional differences between free trade areas and regional economic communities，Incorporate regional economic communities into a unified African bet365 bonus code indiana operational framework。Currently，For the important agenda of realizing "tariff liberalization"，First of all, we must clarify and integrate various agreements and inter-organizational relationships，Formation of a unified tariff agreement within the region，Improve regional resource allocation efficiency。Secondly，Formulate corresponding tariff liberalization policies。For example，By implementing tax reform、Improving the fiscal revenue structure，Reducing adjustment costs arising from integration processes such as tariff liberalization。Finally，Develop unified standards、Optimize customs services and other non-tariff barrier response measures，Thus reducing compliance costs for commercial enterprises，Promote supply chain docking，Assisting the advancement of tariff liberalization reforms in African countries。World Bank report shows，In terms of intra-African trade，The role played by trade facilitation and its feasibility at this stage far exceeds the means of tariff reduction and exemption。

Improving the regional value chain，Ensuring inclusive economic development on the African continent。African countries should first evaluate the domestic and foreign economic situation and their own comparative advantages，Under the framework of the free trade zone，Promote the development of domestic industries by strategically adjusting trade policies。For example，For countries that mainly export agricultural products and resource products，Can still participate in industry chain competition by increasing the added value of primary agricultural products and resource products，And provide facilitation measures for tariff reduction and exemption on intermediate products and final products of these products，Achieving a balance of interests among countries。Secondly，While adjusting trade policy，Focus on domestic industrial structure reform，Development Finance、Logistics and other related supporting industries。At the same time，Form an internal interactive industrial chain，Promote the development of substantive trade activities between countries and increase the total trade volume。Again，The government should protect farmers、Women、The rights and interests of youth and other groups，Provide necessary technical and financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises，Ensure that the benefits of the free trade zone benefit all people。Finally，Introducing a national development strategy that is coordinated and parallel to the bet365 bonus code indiana，Expand the scope of benefiting industries and enterprises，To cultivate local enterprises with regional and even international competitiveness，Enjoy the development dividends brought by the free trade zone。

Accelerate the construction of diversified financing channels，Collaborate to build a free trade zone financing guarantee system。Africa’s financial market system is not yet complete，Less globalization，Stocks、Direct financing methods such as bonds are restricted。Therefore，Seeking diversified and sustainable financing channels is crucial for the construction of free trade zones。Free trade zones should establish internal and external linkages、Public-private complementary financing mechanism。On the one hand，Organizations such as the World Bank and the European Union have stated “in principle”，They will provide the necessary funds to realize the bet365 bonus code indiana agreement。At the same time，Africa should restart the construction of the African Monetary Fund as soon as possible，Reduce dependence on external financial aid，Stabilizing African financial markets。On the other hand，While making full use of government financial funds，Africa should actively tap the power of private capital at home and abroad，Strengthening cooperation between private capital and African governments。In addition，Continuously innovate financing models，In-depth understanding of trade finance barriers for African SMEs，Utilizing digital technology and other means to develop emerging financial services，Improving financial market functions。

　　(This article is part bet365 bonus code indiana Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation project “Social Network Embedding、Research on the spillover relationship between international knowledge and the legitimacy of corporate overseas operations” (LQ20G020012)、Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education General Project "Research on Social Responsibility Risk Assessment and Prevention and Control of Overseas Investment from a Project Perspective" (Y201840678) Phased Results)

(Author’s unit: School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Normal University、China-bet365 bonus code indiana International Business School)