As the most important ideological literature in the early days of Marxism，The Communist Declaration (hereinafter referred to as the "Declaration") Published in German in London in February 1848。So far，Declaration has been translated into more than 100 different languages ​​in the world。Continuous life through translation、Continuously given vitality "Declaration"，Carrying the ideal and passion of generations，Starting the tide of thought in different society。The translation of "Declaration" in China began in 1899，Lee Timothy Taihe Cai Erkang's cooperation in "The Grand Student" in "The Gazette"，For the first time in the text, "Marx", "Engels", "Anmin Xinxue" (that is, socialism) and some content of "Declaration"。，Many people with knowledge，Including Liang Qichao、Zhao Bizhen、Li Dazhao、Zhu Zhixin、Song Jiaoren and others have all translated or partially introduced "Declaration"。But the "Declaration" is completely translated into Chinese in 1920，The translator is Chen Wangdao。

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Chen Wangdao (1891-1977)，Yiwu from Yiwu, Zhejiang Province，Original named "，After renamed "Wang Dao"，It means that you hope on the revolutionary road。He is one of the founders of the early organization of the Communist Party of China，It is a famous educator in my country、Social activist and linguist。His "Rhetoric" is regarded as the opening work of modern Chinese bet365 live casino games rhetoric。He is in philosophy、Aesthetics、Logic、News、Education and other fields also builds a lot of achievements，I have many related academic classics; and its translation of the Communist Manifesto has a difficult impact on the Chinese revolution。

Chen Wangdao studied in Japan Central University and obtained a law degree，During the day, I started to contact Marxist classic works，Accept Marxist thought。After the May 4th Movement broke out in 1919，Chen Wangdao returned to China and served as a Chinese teacher at the First Normal School of Zhejiang，Actively devote themselves to the new cultural movement with the progressive teachers and students。Promoting new morals、New Literature，Chen Wangdao and several other progressive teachers were persecuted by the authorities，Treating the famous "One Teacher"，After being forced to leave Hangzhou after the trend。

That time，Dai Jitao's recommendation of Dai Jitao, who hosted "Week Review"，Invite Chen Wangdao to translate "Declaration"，Chen Wangdao readily agreed，Back to my hometown, Zhejiang, Zhejiang Yiwu Division Pond Village，Buried in a firewood house at home to translate。Chen Wangdao was too focused during the translation of "Declaration"，Wrong ink is used as a story of brown sugar dipped in rice dumplings and unknowing stories spread widely。"Week Comments" editor Shen Xuanlu said in a reply to the reader，Chen Wangdao translated this book "I spent five times more than usual"，It shows his enthusiasm and importance to this work。April 1920，Chen Wangdao completed the translation，Receive the telegram sent by "Weekly Review"，Invite him to Shanghai to serve Bet365 app download as the editor of the newspaper。But when he came to Shanghai with his translation the following month，However, it was found that this report was ordered by the authorities to stop publishing by the authorities for its progress，The plan that was originally scheduled to publish a translation in the newspaper was lost。Later，With the help of Chen Duxiu, who was forming the Shanghai Communist Group at the time,，The translation has won the funding support of the Communist International。Translations after reading by Chen Duxiu and Li Hanjun，In August 1920 by the secretly established by the party organization, the printing factory "New" printing office，Published in the name of "Socialist Research Society"。The first Chinese translation of "Declaration", known as the "Red Chinese First Book", was born.。

　　The bottom of the translation and the characteristics of the translation

Chen Translation "Declaration" has two types of background，First is the daily translation provided by Dai Jitao，Second is the English translation borrowed by Li Dazhao from Peking University Library，Mainly Japanese translation。The daily translation is jointly translated by Xingde Qiushui and 堺 堺 彦，Its full translation was published in March 1906，And this daily translation is based on Samuel Moore、British translation of British translation of Engels。So，"Declaration" entered China. It has experienced the translation process of from Germany (1848) → English (1888) → Japanese (1906) → Chinese (1920)。

Chen Wangdao's translation of "Declaration" The biggest feature of the language is obvious vernacular tendency，The translation of Yan Fu and Lin Shu, who is only one or 20 years away, is far away.。and this is closely related to Chen Wangdao's political bet365 Play online games and cultural propositions。The 200s of the 200s，New Culture Movement Wind Rise，And when the vernacular movement is in full swing around 1920，Chen Wangdao, edited by the editor of the new cultural movement "New Youth", is a firm supporter of this movement、Practitioner and defender，So his "Declaration" translation of vernacular style is unexpected。According to the research of Wang Dongfeng and Li Ning，Compared with classical Chinese，Chen translation sentences become longer，Four -character grid becomes less，"Those who are also" classical words are almost extinct。The translation also uses a large number of auxiliary words "bottom"，The phenomenon of mixed use of "bottom" and "" "，For example, "Language Language in various countries", "History of Social Best", "Publish your own opinions with the Declaration of your own party", etc.。Another，Translation and style are biased towards spoken language，For example, "The following declaration", "His characteristic is to simply confront the class"。For the rhetoric, Chen Wangdao，This is a kind of effort to create a new written style of style in the popular language of the so -called "sedentary of the car"。China at that time，Many Western words are directly adopted by Japanese translation，Although Chen Wangdao uses daily translations as the main background，But he is not in terms of terms in terms of the existing translation of daily translations，Instead, according to the social context of China at that time，Modified by selectively。For example, the "gentleman" and "gentleman valve" in the Japanese translation，Chen Wangdao said according to the general statement，Translated as "producer" Bet365 lotto review "there is an output"，"Civilian" in the daily translation，Chen's translation "proletarian"。In terms of rhetoric，Fang Hong and Wang Kefei think，Compared with the daily translation，Chen translation pays more attention to rhythmic rhythm and language vividness and expression in terms of words，For example, "revolutionary elements" transform into "revolutionary seeds"，"The Revolution of Agriculture" has become the "Land Revolution"，"Eneys" in the opposite state of the two classes converted into "counterpart"，The development of the bourgeoisie from "declining" to "overturning"。Brief words，Chinese translations are even more intense in terms of wording，There is a clear tendency to "sharpness"，This can be understood as Chen Wangdao based on his own belief，Emphasize the position of the Declaration、Improve the revolutionary appeal、A translation strategy adopted by encouraging people's fighting spirit。

From this point of view，Chen translation "Declaration" well reflects the interaction between ideology and translation。On the one hand，Ideology，Including personal consciousness、Group consciousness、Social consciousness, etc., determine the translation without translation、What to translate、Who translated from、How to translate。On the other hand，Translation Activity to ideology -it updates ideas、Under the old consciousness、Create new consciousness，The influence of Chen translation "Declaration" in China perfectly explains this。

　　The influence of the translation of the Communist Declaration

Chinese translation "Declaration" was released，cause a huge response。The first version of 1,bet365 live casino games 000 volumes are given away，A volume of 1000 volumes after one month is also sold quickly，As of May 1926，Chen Translation "Declaration" has re -printed the 17th version，Among them, the translation was reprinted 10 times between January and May 1926。To avoid the review of the authorities，This book is replaced multiple times、Translation name and publishing house name。This translation is currently discovered for 17，It is undoubtedly the most widely circulated in my country、The deepest Marxist works，It affects a large number of advanced Chinese intellectuals，Created a generation of early communists。After the establishment of the Shanghai Organization of the Communist Party, a cadre school was founded，Chen Wangdao explained this "Declaration"，Liu Shaoqi、Ren Bishi、Luo Yinong、Xiao Jinguang、Wang Shouhua, etc. are all students。Zhu De、Peng Dehuai、He Long、Xu Teli and others have also been led by this book，Faith Marxism，On the road of revolution。Zhou Enlai also said to Chen Wangdao at a meeting, "We are all educated by you"，Most of the words are for the book "Declaration"。

After Chen Wangdao，Multi -person translations and publishing the full translation of the Declaration，Ruhuang (1930)、Cheng Yingwu and Xu Bing (1938)、Bogu (1943)、Chen Shoushi (1943)、Xie Weizhen (1949), etc.，These translations at the degree of language refinement、Content accuracy and integrity are continuously improved，But Chen Wangdao 筚 Lan Waisa、The merits of Qishan Forest will not be annihilated in history，Chen translation "Declaration", "The Sun held from the firewood", will be remembered because it has affected the fate of the entire nation。

bet365 best casino games (This article is the "Confucian Scripture Western Translation Research" (FWKQJ201907) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Language, School of Foreign Studies, Fuzhou Foreign Studies; School of Humanities, University of Macau)