General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "The tolerance of Chinese civilization，Fundamentally determines the historical orientation of the interaction and interaction of the Chinese nation，Determined the harmonious pattern of diversified religious beliefs in China，Decided the open mind of Chinese culture to both the collection of world civilization。"" Open tolerance、Haina Baichuan，It is an important guarantee for Chinese civilization with strong and long -term vitality。

Dunhuang culture is a diverse open culture under the leadership of the traditional culture of the Central Plains，Dunhuang culture has been incorporated into Central Asia、West Asia、India and my country Western Regions、Qingzang、Ethnic cultural ingredients and nutrition in Inner Mongolia and other places，presents me among you、I have you in me、Beauty and beauty、The beautiful background and new pattern of the integration of the East and West Cultural and Eastern and West Culture of the United States and the United States。For example，In the Dunhuang testament, it not only preserved more than 50,000 Chinese literature，and gathered a large number of Chinese ethnic minority text and a group of ethnic texts of Western countries。As well as "Hu Culture" introduced in the West，It has a profound impact on the formation and development of Dunhuang culture。

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The Chinese ethnic number of Chinese ethnic minorities preserved in Dunhuang documents and writing books for the ethnic text of Western countries，There is Tubo、Hui 鹘、Sogdwin、Yu Qiwen、Turkic text、Sanskrit、Borrom letter to write Sanskrit、佉 Lu Wen、Greek、Text of Languages ​​and other languages。other，Mogao Grottoes also found Xixiawen、Mongolian text、Basbawen、Syrian Yawen and other documents，Can bet365 Play online games be said to be both harmonious、。So many ancient East and West nation、The country's literature is gathered in a place，Itself indicates that Dunhuang's important position in the cultural exchanges between the East and the West。Most of these literatures have never seen before、Unexpected new information，They blend in cultural intersection and exchanges on the Silk Road，​​and national relations in the Middle Ages、Voice、Textwork and other studies contributed greatly。

such as，Dunhuang ethnic minority language literature，The most ancient Tibetan literature with Tibetan text，Its content except a large number of classics related to Buddhism、Discipline、Wells and prayers outside，There are quite a lot of secular literature，A series of major issues involved in the history of Tubo。Because the Tubo era written by the Tubo people is very small，Nearly 10,000 Tubo writing books unearthed from Dunhuang，It reflects the early Tibetan experience and the historical process of the Tubo dynasty。Dunhuang Hui 鹘 鹘，But the number is still a lot，The content includes various verses、Note、Medicine、astronomy、Literary works and the public and private documents brought from Ganzhou Huiyi and Xizhou Huiyi to Dunhuang、Letter, etc.，Parenting precious。Yuyu is a language used by ancient nations in Hetian, Xinjiang，gradually disappeared after the 11th century，Become "Dead Word"。Most of the Dunhuang's Language Document has been interpreted，The content mainly includes Buddhist classics、Literary works、Medical Documents、Hexi Itinerary、Bilingual words, etc.，For Yu 阗 History、Language culture and the research of the interaction between Yu Yan and Dunhuang and the relationship between national relations are of great significance。Turkic text is the 7-10 century Turkic、Text used by ethnic groups such as 黠 斯，It has been popular in the western region of our country、Hexi and Central Asia、West Asia and other places。Dunhuang documents are preserved bet365 best casino games with Turkic texts、Divination Book、Military documents, etc.。

There are also many documents found in the text discovered by Dunhuang。If Sanskrit literature except the Buddhist scriptures，There is still "Sanskrit -Yu Xunwen Permanessions Practice Book"、Sanskrit -character Dharani、Sanskrit "Guanyin Three Characters", etc.。Another example，Sogt language is also known as 窣，Language used by the nation used in the ancient Central Asian Sogo region，Dunhuang Su special literatures are mostly materials left after the Saute came to Dunhuang，Content has a letter、Bill、Poetry、Divination Book、Medicine documents and Buddhist scriptures translated from Chinese、Scriptures, etc.，It is really valuable。Mogao Grotto North District B53 Earth B53 has two pages of two pages of Syrian "Bible · Psalm"，According to the understanding of the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties, the understanding of the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasty (Christian Nisteli) spread。It can be said without exaggeration，Dunhuang literature not only belongs to China，Also belongs to the world，It is an important part of the common historical memory of the "Belt and Road" to co -build the country's common historical memory。

Except for many ethnic literatures in the northern district of the Tibetan Sutra and the North District of Mogao Grottoes，Mogao Grottoes and other grottoes are also left in Tubo、Xixiawen、Hui 鹘、Mongolian text and other national text questions。Dunhuang Han Dynasty's 燧 燧 燧 佉 佉 Lu Wenyu Book、Macao Cross -Cross -Cross Cross Cross -Cross -Cave Bitter Cross，It indicates that the existence of Jingtian in the Dunhuang area of ​​the Song Dynasty。Mogao Grottoes have been unearthed 4 times to return to Pupae Langwu 1152 pieces，The most existing existence in the world knows at present、The oldest wooden character used for printing，It has very important historical value。

　Elements that integrate into many out -of -domain cultures

"Hu Culture" introduced in the field，The influence on Dunhuang culture is mainly manifested in the bet365 Play online games ancient Dunhuang Capital、Clothing Hu Feng、Diet Hufeng、Music Hu Feng、Marriage and funeral Hu Feng、Western elements and medical culture incorporated into the art of plastic art、Technology Culture、Chinese and Western cultural exchanges and integration of sports and fitness culture, etc.。

Taking the sale of the sale as an example。Saiya is a kind of "Sai God" activity，Dunhuang in the Tang and Song dynasties is particularly prevalent。The so -called "God God"，That is to repay the meaning of Fuzawa descended by the sacrifice。祆，That is Toshist，also known as worshiping fire teaching，For the National religion of Sashan Persian，It was introduced to our country in the Wei and Jin dynasties。See it from the Dunhuang Shi Shu "The Governor's Governor's Mansion"，Tang Dynasty Dunhuang City East One Miles specially built a settlement settled in Sogdians -Ancheng and Conghua Township，3 miles under the jurisdiction of the hometown，There are about 300 households in the township in 750 years、1400 people。Anti Temple built in Ancheng，Its scale is up to 20，Dedicated dedicated to God。The Dunhuang government often spend drawing paper for the hosting activities、Light oil、Wine、Noodles、enema and other foods，And the Temple Said God has been included in the local traditional sacrifice customs of Dunhuang，Tibetan scriptures are also stored in the Tibetan scriptures，It can be seen that the important influence of the religion on Dunhuang culture。The main ceremony of the Dunhuang Said Event is "Temple Burning Lights、Blessing along the way "、Worship God's Food and Wine、illusion performance、雩 Festival seeking rain, etc.，It reflects the situation of foreign religious culture that is introduced into China and integrated into Chinese traditional culture。

It's like eating Hu Feng。As an international city，Dunhuang's dietary customs have strong Han food and wind features，From Central Asia、West Asia、The dietary habits of the Western Regions and other places bet365 best casino games in China are integrated into the local traditional dietary customs of Dunhuang，Become a new organic component in Dunhuang food culture，The vivid scene of the integration of Chinese and Western food and cultural exchanges on the Silk Road。I have summarized the characteristics of Dunhuang food culture as: including Hongda、Delicious，Chinese and Western dietary customs gather together，Multi -ethnic dietary customs gathered together，Monk and customs dietary customs gather together，Organic combination of diet and health care and health care，Pocket diet and culture when they are old，Combination of diet and song and dance art。According to incomplete search，Only the name of the food varieties appearing in the Dunhuang testament is more than 60，Among them, "Hu Shi"，There are a lot of varieties influenced and transformed through the local traditional dietary customs of Dunhuang.。Hu kneeling in diet etiquette、Sitting on the legs、Eat and eat, etc.，Also affected by Hu Feng。

Another like clothing Hu Feng。Dunhuang as the heavy ground of the Silk Road，Leave the historical materials of ancient East and Western clothing for the extremely rich ancient East and Western clothing today，Reflected in Mogao Grottoes murals、The dress of many characters in colorful plastic，Whether it is the gods of heaven or all beings in the world，Both the traditional Chinese -style Hanfu，There are many clothes for many ethnic minorities，and from Central Asia、West Asia、Dress of India and other places，Fengzi Big About，Beautiful collection。Among them, God's clothing has Buddha、Bodhisattva、Tianwang、Lux、Fit in Heavenly Girls，The costumes of human beings are emperor、Officials at all levels、Samurai、Monk、Women、Costumes of the people and people。These clothes are due to different countries、Each of the nation with its own characteristics，Truely showed the Silk Road for more than a thousand years, all countries and nations、Wear of monks and vulgar people with different identities at bet365 best casino games all levels。Such as the emperor statue in the murals such as the Early Tang Dynasty in Mogao Grottoes、Fifth Dynasties 98 Cave 98 King Li Shengtian for，Wear Mian，Wearing a dragon robe，All Chinese emperor robes made of high -end silk。Fifth Dynasties 61 Cave wearing a phoenix crown、Back to load，Portrait of the Princess Princess of Face Platform，It shows the costume of returning to the noble woman in that year。As for other Hu clothes，Diverse styles，Observation seems to make people be in a colorful Chinese and foreign ancient clothes crown clothing exhibition halls。

Hu Feng in the artistic expression of Dunhuang。Dunhuang art is as far as categories，Including murals、Color Clast、Grottoes architecture、silk painting、print、Paper painting、Tomb painting, etc.，The content is very rich，Extremely huge quantity。Famous Scholars Jiang Liangfu commented: "And Dunhuang thousands of plastic，So so far I can still survive ... such a big scene，There are many colors of such many，Such a rich school，Anneng will not make the world awarded! It is the treasure trove of the world's first mural statue，Is our great proud legacy，It is also the treasure of the art world，Historical first -class living materials! In short，In art,，Tang Dynasty art in Dunhuang，Classical art and realistic techniques that combine China's symbolic freehand pattern fun，and play the most beautiful glory after its blending，It is the era with the most strong growth of Chinese art in Chinese art ... It encompasses the traditional Chinese art spirit，It also encompasses the glory issued after the contact of Chinese and Western art，Expressing high technology，and absorbing exquisite methods，The highest manifestation of becoming the field of human thought。”

　　Dunhuang cultural tolerance meaning

Dunhuang culture on the Silk Road "Haina Baichuan in its long -term historical evolution，There is Rong Nai Da "，Formed outstanding tolerance。This tolerance does not exclude foreign homogeneous or heterogeneous culture，Not a simple mix，bet365 best casino games Not to cancel the difference、Cancel ethnic characteristics。Cultural identity does not mean the assimilation of culture，but you have me among you、I have you in me、Beauty and beauty、Meimei and the Communist Party，is the transformation and integration of foreign culture based on "I"，It is a higher -level and wider range of advantages complementary and innovative development，shows the prominent tolerance features of Chinese civilization。Free communication between local culture and foreign culture，The blending of Eastern civilization and Western civilization，It makes Dunhuang culture not only the product of the local area，And becoming the entire Silk Road East and Western cultural exchanges、Typical representative of innovation and transformation。

　　(The author is a researcher at the School of History and Culture of Northwest Normal University)