In recent years，Many natural disasters and public health events occurred at home and abroad，Such as the "7·20" heavy rainstorm in Zhengzhou、New coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, etc.。In these sudden disasters，Many people came forward，Take the initiative to go to the front line to fight floods and provide disaster relief、Fighting the epidemic。They are called the "most beautiful retrograde people"。What is behind the most beautiful retrograde is the act of bet365 mobile in the eyes of psychologists。

In previous research，Scholars study bet365 mobile behaviors from different angles，And define it differently。Synthesizing the views of many scholars，bet365 mobile behavior has three characteristics: first, altruism。Lopez and others divided courage into three main types，i.e. physical courage、Psychological Courage and bet365 mobile，bet365 mobile is sincerity and integrity in the face of danger to others，Such as the courage shown when rushing to the front line to fight the epidemic。Obviously，Compared to physical courage and psychological courage，Moral courageous behavior emphasizes morality and altruism，It is an altruistic act。The second is high risk。An act of bet365 mobile is different from sharing、Humility、Common altruistic behaviors such as giving help，Usually associated with higher risks，It is an altruistic behavior under risky decision-making。Both Sekerka and Kidder highlight the presence of danger or risk when defining bet365 mobile。Admittedly，Several possibilities arise after committing an act of bet365 mobile，If you help an elderly person who has fallen down, you may be praised or mistaken for the perpetrator，Volunteers on the front line of the fight against the epidemic may be safe or may be infected or even lose their lives，Facing these uncertain results，They need to take certain risks。Compared to altruistic behaviors such as daily volunteer activities，The greatness of "retrograde" lies in its behavior under risky decisions。The third is high cost。High risks often mean that actors need to pay high costs。In altruistic behavior，Some actions require the actor to pay less cost，But some actions require a lot or even high costs。For example, giving up your seat to the elderly on the bus and volunteering on the front line of the fight against the epidemic are altruistic behaviors，But obviously the costs borne by the two are different。The high price can be a large amount of personal resources (time、Money、Expenditure on emotional capital, etc.，It can also be the assumption of more personal responsibility。Considering from the perspective of bearing the cost，Acts of bet365 mobile come at a high cost。In summary，bet365 mobile occurs when faced with potentially costly risks，A behavior in which the actor still decides to help others。This behavior is altruistic，Usually associated with high risk，A high price to pay，But the actor still adheres to his own moral concepts，Practice your own moral values。

　　Influencing factors of bet365 mobile behavior

Some research findings，Acts of bet365 mobile are subject to common low risks、The influence of the same factors on low-cost altruistic behavior。For example，Research findings by Greitemeyer et al.，Emergency awareness、There is a significant correlation between interpersonal norms and common low-risk, low-cost altruistic behaviors and bet365 mobile behaviors。The research of Zhang Zhixue and Zhao Haijun both found that，Enhancing responsibility can cultivate common altruistic behaviors in individuals。Yao Jun also thinks so，Responsibility is related to bet365 mobile behaviors，Actions motivated by bet365 mobile，It is an act out of responsibility。

There are also some research findings，Some factors only affect acts of bet365 mobile，And low risk for common、Low-cost altruistic behavior has no impact。Kayser et al. discovered moral requirements through research、Anger is associated with acts of bet365 mobile。Acts of bet365 mobile because of their high risk、High-cost peculiarity，Its production is often based on some characteristics，For example, the actor has firm moral requirements and anger towards the perpetrator or crisis event。The above characteristics are suitable for low risk、It does not work for low-cost altruistic behavior。In addition，Fischer, Gerritmeyer and others discovered through research，bet365 mobile behaviors are associated with higher levels of expected negative social consequences。With common low risk、Compared to low-cost altruistic behavior，When an act of bet365 mobile is required，People will consider more the negative consequences behind their actions。

With common low risks、Low-cost altruistic behavior is different，Research has proven that two classic influencing factors of common altruistic behavior-the presence of bystanders and the emotions of the helper do not affect bet365 mobile behavior。The bystander effect is an important environmental factor that affects altruistic behavior，Many previous studies have believed that bystanders can inhibit helping behavior。But Fisher et al. found out，Low risk、Low-cost help will be reduced by the presence of bystanders，But acts of bet365 mobile are not affected。Visible，The bystander effect does not affect bet365 mobile behavior。At the same time，Kaiser’s research shows，Low risk、At low cost，Those in the positive and negative emotion conditions were more likely to provide assistance than those in the neutral emotion condition；And high risk、In high cost situations，Three emotional conditions do not affect subjects’ bet365 mobile behavior。Visible，The emotional state of the helper does not affect his/her behavior of bet365 mobile。

　　Promote and promote acts of bet365 mobile

Promoting and advocating acts of bet365 mobile，Conducive to uniting forces，Conducive to maintaining social stability。Compared with individualistic cultures that emphasize individual interests and boundaries between societies，When countries that advocate collectivism culture face difficulties，It is easier to form a cohesive force of helping each other。Propaganda and advocacy of moral courageous behavior，It will make people more willing to make decisions from the perspective of others and the collective when facing disasters。Related research on bet365 mobile behaviors mentioned above，There are three implications for promoting and advocating bet365 mobile behaviors。

First，Use the power of media to build positive public opinion。Bandura proposed social learning theory，Belief that all bet365 mobile is determined by reinforcement，Altruistic bet365 mobile is no exception。Reinforcement is divided into direct reinforcement、Alternative reinforcement、Self-strengthening。For example, the media often reports praising the retrograde heroes in the fight against the epidemic，Let people recognize and learn altruistic bet365 mobile through vicarious reinforcement，Learning from role models’ altruistic behaviors will help you behave similarly。

Second，Choose effective influencing factors to carry out moral education。First，The cultivation of responsibility can influence bet365 mobile behavior，So people’s sense of responsibility can be improved through school education and social guidance、Sense of justice，Enrich moral emotions，Let people be willing to stand up when others are in danger，Reduce “Moral Apathy”。Secondly，Moral requirements、Anger is associated with acts of bet365 mobile，So schools and society should strengthen daily moral construction，Strengthen moral requirements，Promote good and avoid evil，Guiding people to express correct anger against social injustice，Ability to lend a helping hand to others when they need help。Finally，Sometimes people are reluctant to perform acts of bet365 mobile because they think more about the negative consequences，So，Social protection and legal relief mechanisms should also be established and improved，For example, emergency rescue exemption clause、Special epidemic prevention insurance, etc.，Reducing "worries" for people to perform acts of bet365 mobile。

Third，Be aware of the high risks when promoting acts of bet365 mobile、Highly expensive features。Promoting and advocating acts of bet365 mobile is telling everyone，When others are in danger，You must have a loving heart and the courage to know and do good，But at the same time, we must also let everyone understand，An act of bet365 mobile is not the courage of an ordinary man、The reckless man’s trip，This ethical practice should consider the specific situation、Act within your capabilities after weighing your own situation。Acts of bet365 mobile are characterized by high risks and high costs，But bet365 mobile and considering one’s own safety are not absolutely contradictory，Understand the high cost and accompanying high risk of behavior，Help others within your own ability，This is the act of bet365 mobile we promote and advocate。

　(This article is a phased result of the Ministry of Education’s Humanities and Social Sciences bet365 mobile Special Task Project (College Counselor bet365 mobile) “bet365 mobile on Educational Support for Financially Disadvantaged Students Based on Poverty ‘Cognitive Tax’ Theory” (20JDSZ3190)

(Author’s unit: Teacher Education College, Zhejiang Normal University)