The development of calligraphy art during the Northern Wei Dynasty is an important stage of the transformation of Lishu to Kaishu，New style of Wei Bei style script appeared。Explore，We will find out，This period of complex and diverse cultural customs has an irreplaceable effect on the continuation and new changes of calligraphy art。

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Although the Northern Wei Dynasty is a minority regime established by the Xianbei people，But since the beginning of the country, it has advocated Han culture，Many aspects have continued the legacy of the Han Dynasty。Many Northern Wei Emperor Yahao Poetry Book，Like the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, pay attention to the stele stone，Publicity。"Wei Shu" and other historical books recorded in historical books are not uncommon for the emperor -related stone activities，Such as the six years of the Northern Wei Dynasty ascending the country (391) autumn，"Yu Yang Yang Saibei，Tree Stele Records "。Shizu GodFour years (431)，"Le Shi Monan，Yi Ji merit "。Taiping Zhenjun Four years (443) February，Emperor Taiwu "As for the Yang of Hengshan，诏 诏 Shi Le Ming "。 Gao Zong Tai'an Four years (458) February Dengshi Mountain，Guan Canghai，"Build the Altar Strip in the Sea"，October "Said to Wheel Mountain，Full Stone Ji Xing "。These records in history books have not left specific stone carvings literature and related information，It is difficult to check the specific situation in detail，But many important monuments from the Northern Wei Dynasty that have been traveled to this day can still see the prevalence of the inscription at that time，and the facts of promoting calligraphy development。For example, the "Stele of the Emperor Taiwu Emperor" carved by Taiyan of the Northern Wei Dynasty (437)、"Song Gao Ling Temple Monument" carved in the second year of Tai'an (456)、The "Emperor of the Emperor's South Tour" carved by the second year of Peace (461)、Taihe Twelve years (488) "Huifu Temple Stele"、Taihe Eighteen Years (494) carved "Gangbi Gan Tomb Tomb", etc.，Most bet365 best casino games of the superb writing level，Today it has become a classic model for calligraphy learning。

Another important evidence of the Northern Wei Dynasty attaches importance to the carved stone，It is the major event of the minister Cui Hao and others publishing the national history。Cui Hao writes the history of the country，After the hard work becomes a book，Its men "please ask Li Shi Ming，Published a national book，Five Classics。Haozanzhi。Gongzong Shan，Sui Camp in Dongsanli, Tianjiao，Fang hundreds and thirty steps，Employment of three million Nai "。It can be seen that this is a very huge monument project，In a sense, it is also an important calligraphy activity，Many scholars naturally participate in it。Except outside the monument，Northern Wei Dynasty's large number of cliff stone carvings and statues are also the product of the prevalence of carved stone。Proof of facts，The wind of carved stone runs through the entire Northern Wei Dynasty，So that the wind will still be reduced in the death of the Northern Dynasties。The long -lasting and common inscription，Cultivated a large number of calligraphy talents，spread calligraphy art，Created a number of valuable and long -lasting classic works，From many aspects, it has created good conditions for the development and inheritance of the Northern Wei Dynasty calligraphy art。

　　Cemetery Book Hand becomes an important calligraphy group

Another important reason for promoting the prosperity of Wei Bei's calligraphy like engraved stone is the prevalence of the Northern Wei Dynasty's thick funeral。The wind of thick burial has a long history，Although there was a ban from Cao Wei against the burial，But the popularity of the funeral during the Northern Wei Dynasty。Thick burial atmosphere brings serious waste，So that the imperial court repeatedly ordered the restrictions。If the Taiping Zhenjun recorded in "Wei Shu" in the nine -year winter of the nine -year winter, "with marriage luxury，Funeral over，诏。probably the atmosphere is too prosperous，It is difficult to curb，Gao Zu Taihe said again in the second year: "Wedding and hosted gifts，The disadvantage of the time of marriage is lost;，The bitterness of the student is suffering。Holy bet365 best casino games King knows this，Therefore, the number of courtesy is the number of gifts，About the law forbidden。"But the government's ban did not strictly implement，Due to the deep funeral of funerals such as "death and death"，The wind of thick burial is still repeatedly banned。Thick burial is a waste of social wealth，But the burial also brings the popularity of the epitaph engraving，At that time, not only did the officials be buried and there were many epitaphs，is that ordinary civilians often also effectively publish gravery。Most of the tombs discovered today were unearthed by epitaphs.。

The prevalence of epitaphs naturally promotes society's attention to calligraphy engraving，Books produced around the epitaphs should be a very important calligraphy group at that time，Various styles unearthed from a large number of unearthed、Write the superb Northern Wei Royal epitaphs can determine that these scholars are not only more than many，And with extraordinary calligraphy professionalism。Due to the high requirements of the calligraphy level of scholars due to epitaph production，This also strongly promoted the growth of calligraphy talents and the overall progress of calligraphy art at that time。The epitaph itself is constantly standardized、Excitingization，It also prompted the inscription calligraphy from the early rough quality to the elegant square、Quality text and re -conversion，So the prevalence of the inscription on the monument has gradually promoted the mainstream book style at that time -Wei Bei calligraphy style represented by the Yuan family's epitaph is the formation and popularity of Wei Bei style script。Of course，This style is also reflected in the popular statue title and cliff carved stone at the time。And，This Wei Bei calligraphy style characterized by Fang Junxiong is centered on Luoyang at that time，Continue to spread to all parts of the country，So that they are popular in the Western Regions，Wei Bei Books on the Gaochang Tomb Tomb in Xinjiang in the 20th century can clearly explain this phenomenon。

"Gorgeous Books for Industry" promotes calligraphy practicality and standardization

Due to the need to write inscriptions at the time，Coupled with the spread of text books depends on copying，plus the copy of the scriptures、Copy post、Daily records and bet365 best casino games other activities require a lot of scholars，Therefore, there is a professional fashion of "helpers for business" in the society。There are many records in the industry in "The Book of Wei"，Jiang Shaoyou, who was a former Chang Shaoqing，"Sexual Machine，Pretty -can be engraved。There are Wen Si，When Yin Yong，There are short stories。Sui staying Pingcheng，Writing books as a job，Name is still in the town "。Minister Liu Fang is another more famous example。Liu Fang was originally from the Southern Dynasty，He moved north with his aunt when he was a teenager，History book records "Although he is in poor embarrassment，And Shang Shangzhen Gu，Duzhi Tomb Code，Duzhi Tomb Code。Day is a helper book，Give it for self -funding，Night reads，Never go to bed in the end ... often write the scriptures for monks and campaign，Writing is called good，Volume straight with one 缣，I can enter more than a hundred horses in the age of age，So decades "。This record clearly tells us，At that time, the helper was an important way for the readers to support their families，and the income is not low。Liu Fang can "so decades"，It also shows that society is very needed to be a helper。The helper book is done by the poor at the bottom，But the defeated Gao Gate's grandeur often uses this as a industry。Ru Minister Cui Liang、Cui Guang was born in Qinghe Cui Family，It is the first high gate of the northern Han nationality during the Northern Wei Dynasty，After falling in home，Revitalize the family with hard work，The Book of Gorgeous Books is their living、The main capital of obtaining social recognition and entering the career。A large number of epitaphs and writing scriptures，Make a helper not only private、Hire in the temple，More government commission。There are many affairs of the government，Writing things are also complicated。From this，Many helpers are requisitioned by the government and the court because of good books，Some have become specialized officials from government at all levels，Some become the royal book of the court。Of course，Different from those who are generally used as the job，Many of these good writers later became prominent ministers。

Visible，Multi -calligraphy bet365 Play online games of people in the Northern Wei Dynasty，Good calligraphy can not only use this as a living，can also reach the official career，The famous person is also known for its prominent in the world。So the scholars have been diligent and hard -working in Xi from a young age，Up to the prince and nobles，Go to the children of civilians，While studying the history since childhood，Efforts to study book art，Master calligraphy specification，It becomes one of their main learning content。Therefore，The social fashion of the helper's book enables the practicality and standardization of calligraphy to further improve，The promotion of calligraphy art is not an underestimation。

　　Fusion of styling art and calligraphy art

Northern Wei Buddhism Da Sheng，Therefore, a large number of excavations of the grotto and the large -scale expansion of Buddhist statues，Not only does it encourage the wind of Buddha，It has also had a variety of influence on calligraphy culture。Before and after the establishment of the Northern Wei Dynasty，Buddhism has received faith in the majority of northern regions。"Wei Shu · Shi Lao Zhi" reads: "Emperor (Taizu) is good for Huang Lao，Pigram's scripture。But the first settled in the world，Repair palace house，398 years，Unbound Tuyu，Recruiting monks。But seeking "，No etiquette to the Buddhist people。398 years，Just Dingdu Pingcheng (now Datong, Shanxi)，The north has not been completely unified，Daowu Emperor Tuobayu announced: "Building the show in Beijing，Repair palace house，Lingxin Xiangxiang，There is something to stay。"Xiaowen Emperor Tuoba Hong also worshiped Buddhism，"Wei Shu · Gao Zuji" records: "Yahao reads，I can't let it go ... Reading the Zhuangzhuang、Old，You Jing Interpretation。"Emperor Xiaowen was in Pingcheng，Jingcheng Temple、More than a hundred，2,000 monks and nuns; 6,478 seats in Sifang temples，777,258 people。After moving the capital Luoyang，He not only built a large number of pagoda statues，During the reign, the famous Longmen Grottoes，Daxing's wind for the Buddha for Buddha。Late to the Northern Wei Dynasty，Because many emperors and royal believe in Buddhism，At this time, Chong Buddha reached the peak of the bet365 best casino games Northern Dynasties。"Wei Shu · Shi Lao Zhi" contains: "Today's Temple Monk，No place，Or more than Manchu Yiyi，or Lian Yizhu's wild ...，2 million 矣 矣，It has more than 30,000 temples。"" This amazing number，Digesting the prosperity of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Buddhism，Later generations are almost unimaginable。

The prosperity and spread of Buddhist culture during this period have a great impact on the text and calligraphy art of the Northern Wei Dynasty，The most important thing is that the artistic style of Buddhist statues directly affects the "engraving" and "writing" of the carved stone。From the perspective of engraving，On the carving method，The carving style of the statue of the Northern Wei Grottoes and the engraving style of the monumental epitaph is very consistent。For example, the Buddha statue of Yungang Grottoes，Whether it is clothing or character body，It can be seen that many more straight knife methods，Especially the nose of the Buddha statue，Obviously straight shape，The corners of many clothes are also sharp -pointed corners，These knife methods and the inscriptions of the Pingcheng period have more common pens。This phenomenon should be the mutual influence between carved workers，or the carving worker was caused by the Buddha statue and monument。And，The characteristics and consistency of these knife methods have continued to the statues and inscriptions of the Luoyang period，Continuous improvement and strengthening，Influence with the combination of the pen，part of the core of the artistic style of Wei Bei's regular script。Look at the writing of text，The artistic style of Buddhism will inevitably have an impact on the scholar，The straight and simple statue style is the mainstream of the art of the early days of the Northern Wei Dynasty，It is reflected in the inscriptions and calligraphy style of the inscriptions and calligraphy through the scholar。Northern Wei writers have subtly accepted the square pen and pens of the evolution of the folding knife，This has created the characteristics of the triangle of the mature Wei Bei style regular script and the characteristics of the folding pens at the turning point and the sharp edge of the skimming，Therefore, the formation of these brushes bet365 Play online games is closely related to the prevalence of the Northern Wei and Buddhist culture。other，A large number of Buddhist scriptures need a lot of writers，Standardized requirements and speed of writing the scriptures at the same time also requires that the text can be quickly realized，This has promoted the improvement of the North Wei Kai script。Visible，The formation of the style of the regular script of Wei Bei is inseparable from the impact of Buddhist culture on carved stone calligraphy at that time，This is a result of mutual dyeing culture and art in the environment。

Cultural customs are the vane of society，Is the rich soil of art。Fashion arrives，Arts and Wen Xiang Sui。Liu Xizai in the Qing Dynasty lamented: "Book of Generation，None of the people and literati。"Whether it is through the style of book or style，Through them，We can all feel the cultural pulse of an era and the spiritual images deep in people's hearts。and only Gang Jian has a doctrine、Healthy and upward social and cultural fashion，can bred the flower of art with permanent vitality。

　　(Author Unit: Academy of Fine Arts of Luoyang Teachers College)